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Topic: The White Disease

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	Major Reef-building Coral Diseases
		The disease is caused primarily by a cyanobacteria in combination with sulfide-oxidizing bacteria and sulfur- reducing bacteria, although other bacteria and opportunistic organisms such as nematodes, ciliate protozoans, flatworms and fungal filaments also are present in the mix (Richardson et al., 1997).
		The disease is characterized by an abrupt line or band of white, exposed coral skeleton that separates living tissue from algal-colonized skeleton, and often a narrow band of bleached tissue may be visible adjacent to exposed skeleton.
		As the disease progresses, the tissue first affected in the center of the patch dies, and exposed skeleton is colonized by algae (Bruckner, 2001).
	www.coris.noaa.gov /about/diseases (2363 words)

	White band disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The disease exhibits a sharp demarcation between apparently healthy coral tissue and exposed coral skeleton.
		The shift is from domination by pseudomonads to domination by Vibrio carchariae (Ritchie and Smith, 1995).
		White plague, caused by the bacterium Aurantimonas coralicida
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/White_band_disease (523 words)

	The White Disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The White Disease (Bílá nemoc in the original Czech) is a play written by Czech novelist Karel Čapek.
		Written at a time of increasing threat from Nazi Germany to Czechoslovakia, it portrays a human response to a tense, pre-war situation in an unnamed country that greatly resembles Germany with one extra, somewhat absurd addition: an uncurable white disease, a mysterious form of leprosy, is selectively killing off people older than 30.
		White disease is spreading in the country and elsewhere in Europe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_White_Disease (432 words)

	White Mold of Dry Beans
		White mold is first observed as wet, soft spots or lesions on infected leaves, branches, stems and pods.
		White mold infection is often localized initially within the more moist and cool irrigation furrows and in low-lying areas of a field.
		White mold infection can be greatly reduced by keeping the soil surface as dry as possible during pod filling and maturing.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/crops/02918.html (1478 words)

	Equine Podiatry \| Dr. Stephen O'Grady, veterinarians, farriers, books, articles
		It is thought that White Line Disease begins with a separation between the hoof wall and the sole which can occur in the toe area, the toe and quarter of the foot or the heel.
		The term White Line Disease is also used to describe “seedy toe” in its early stages—a small circular powdery area located in the hoof wall at the center of the toe in many horses.
		DIAGNOSIS White Line Disease offers no threat to the soundness of an animal until damage is sufficient to allow mechanical loss of the attachment between the laminae and the inside hoof wall resulting in displacement of the coffin bone in a downward direction (rotation).
	www.equipodiatry.com /wld.htm (1036 words)

	hemorrhagic disease
		Because disease features produced by these viruses are indistinguishable, a general term, hemorrhagic disease, often is used when the specific virus responsible is unknown.
		The number of deer that are immune, the virulence of the infecting virus, the number of livestock nearby, or the abundance of midge vectors may influence the outcome of infection within a deer population regardless of herd density.
		Hemorrhagic disease viruses may not be able to continually persist in the mountains, possible because the midge species present are inefficient vectors or generally are not very abundant.
	www.ncwildlife.org /pg04_HuntingTrapping/pg4d_5.htm (1703 words)

	White Line Disease
		White line disease (WLD), also known as dew poisoning, hoof rot or yeast infection, is a descriptive term of a disease process that involves the separation of the hoof wall.
		The white line is defined as the junction between the sole and the hoof wall, and this is where the initial insult of WLD is thought to occur.
		The disease process begins when a separation occurs in the nonpigmented horn at the junction between the deepest layers of the stratum medium and laminar horn of the stratum internum.
	evrp.lsu.edu /healthtips/White_Line_Disease.htm (919 words)

	White spot disease
		This is a highly infectious disease and if a single fish in an aquarium is infected then very soon all the fish will be affected and it will be necessary to treat the entire tank.
		Tomonts are the reproductive stage of the disease.
		These one or two trophonts will eventually fall off and continue the life cycle as a low grade infection that goes unnoticed until fish in the tank have their immune system compromised which makes it easier for the theronts to find a host and it appears that there is a sudden unexplained ich infestation.
	www.fishtanksandponds.net /care-maintenance/health/white-spot.htm (756 words)

	Sheep Production and Management: sheep health
		Nutritional muscular dystrophy (white muscle disease) is a degeneration of the skeletal and cardiac muscles of lambs.
		White muscle disease is most commonly found among lambs grazing irrigated pastures.
		The disease is more common in lambs 3 to 8 weeks of age, but it also occurs in older lambs.
	www.cahe.nmsu.edu /sheep/sheep_health/white_muscle.html (358 words)

	White Muscle Disease in Sheep and Goats
		White muscle disease (WMD) is a degenerative muscle disease found in all large animals.
		When the disease affects the heart, the animal shows signs similar to pneumonia, including difficult breathing, a frothy nasal discharge (may be blood stained), and fever.
		The muscle form of the disease can be successfuly treated with supplemental selenium and/or vitamin E. Producers need to follow label directions carefully when using selenium for treatment.
	www.sheepandgoat.com /articles/WMD.html (961 words)

	PISCES - Coral Reefs: White band disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		White band disease was discovered when biologists observed the peeling of tissue from colonies of elkhorn and staghorn (Acropora spp.) corals in waters of the U.S. Virgin Islands.
		White band disease progresses from the base of the colony up towards the tips of the branches.
		White band disease has had a devastating impact on the corals in the Caribbean, with the infection of approximately half of the shallow water elkhorn corals within the first five years after this disease was first observed.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/southflorida/coral/whiteband.html (201 words)

	White Line Disease
		White Line Disease, as it is commonly referred to, has been labeled by the late Texas farrier Burney Chapman as "Onychomycosis" - the Latin root, "onyx," meaning nail; "myke" a fungus, and "osis" being condition of.
		The white line (zona lamellatum) is technically the junction of the sole and the hoof wall.
		The white line runs all the way up the inside of the hoof but is only visible to the eye on the sole of the hoof.
	www.horseshoes.com /advice/whitelinedisease/dunivant2/dunivant2.htm (2447 words)

	Canavan Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Canavan disease, one of the most common cerebral degenerative diseases of infancy, is a gene-linked, neurological birth disorder in which the white matter of the brain degenerates into spongy tissue riddled with microscopic fluid-filled spaces.
		It is commonly known as the "white matter" in the brain; its function is to protect nerves and allow messages to be sent to and from the brain.
		In Canavan disease, the white matter deteriorates because patients have a deficiency in the enzyme aspartoacylase, which leads to the accumulation of another chemical, called N-acetyl-aspartic acid (NAA).
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/921391101.html (757 words)

	CL
		White muscle disease is the result of degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscles of lambs.
		It is usually an acute disease that manifests itself in fast growing lambs at three to eight weeks of age.
		The disease is a manifestation of lack of Selenium, Vitamin E or both.
	www.jackmauldin.com /health/white_muscle_disease.htm (696 words)

	Examining White Line Disease
		Given the fact that the "white line" is technically the junction between the stratum internum and the horn of the sole, the term "white line disease" is probably inappropriate in most cases.
		In advanced cases, the white line can be involved, but the majority especially in the early stages are primarily restricted to the stratum medium.
		The dermis of the sole is firmly attached to The undersurface of the coffin bone and produces a mixture of horn tubules and intertubular horn.
	www.farrierscience.com /whiteln.htm (1624 words)

	Taking the Mystery out of White Line Disease - SBS Shoe Bond Systems, Inc.
		White line disease is caused by two different types of opportunistic microorganisms that exist in a symbiotic relationship.
		First, because it is not caused by a single organism, white line disease may appear different from horse to horse, depending on the particular makeup of the colony of microorganisms present.
		Diseased hoof material was removed deep from within the hoof wall, along the leading edge of the infected area, and placed in sterile culture containers.
	www.sbsequine.com /report1.html (1542 words)

	White-Band Disease
		About the same time that fl-band disease (BBD) was discovered, Bill Gladfelter and colleagues noticed that tissue was slowly peeling off colonies of elkhorn and staghorn corals at Tague Bay, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
		In this disease, a margin of bleached tissue appears before the tissue is lost (Ritchie and Smith, 1995).
		Many colonies of acroporids have succumbed to this disease in the Caribbean and the disease is still evident on many reefs (Bythell and Sheppard, 1993; Peters, 1993).
	www.reefball.org /coraldiseaseoffline/WBDPAGE.HTM (514 words)

	White matter disease in AIDS: findings at MR imaging.
		Focal white matter lesions were not seen in patients with ADC but were seen in all six patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, in both patients with lymphoma, and in one patient with toxoplasmosis.
		The authors conclude that white matter lesions are are common in AIDS and are often secondary to direct infection of the brain with human immunodeficiency virus, which causes the ADC and usually produces a diffuse white matter pattern.
		Focal white matter lesions suggest a focal infection or tumor, and biopsy may be warranted.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1989/jan/M8910331.html (456 words)

	Medcyclopaedia - White matter disease
		When identifying a white matter disorder it is essential that the findings are placed in context with clinical features and the results of other tests, such as biochemical, genetic or haematological.
		Many of the conditions resulting in white matter disease appear similar in the late stages and thus if differentiation is to be made, scans must be performed early.
		In a child with macrocephaly bilateral, symmetrical, frontal white matter involvement of the subcortical region suggests Alexanders disease.
	www.medcyclopaedia.com /library/topics/volume_vii/w/WHITE_MATTER_DISEASE.aspx (268 words)

	White Line Disease
		If your farrier dug it out by removing the wall and all diseased and foreign matter, thereby exposing the unhealthy area to sunlight and fresh air, he did exactly what he should have done.
		All traces of the invading organism must be removed and the diseased hoof must be opened to fresh air and sunlight and protected from dirt, manure, mud, rocks and bumps and bangs.
		When your farrier suspects white line disease, have him cut it out and remove the wall in that area while it is just getting started.
	www.americanblacksmith.com /blacksmithstable/white_line_disease.htm (921 words)

	White Spot Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As the disease progresses the fish may congregate near the filter outlet or appear to gasp for air, and the fish may produce a thick mucous over the skin in an attempt to protect itself.
		Visible spots on the fish (the clinical sign for which the disease is named) are individual parasites known as trophonts.
		In simple terms, treat on day 1, waterchange on day 2, treat again on day 3, waterchange on day 4 etc., etc. If the fish is heavily parasitised, you may not see any remission of the disease until after the third or fourth treatment.
	members.optusnet.com.au /chelmon/WhiteSpot.htm (589 words)

	Disease
		Three of these diseasesâ”fl band disease, white band disease, and white plagueâ”account for two-thirds of the reports in the database and affect at least 38 species of corals across the Caribbean (see Map 8 Coral Disease Observations).
		The impact of coral disease varies according to a variety of factors; a disease can cause different levels of mortality in different years at the same location.
		Diseases have been observed all across the Caribbean, even on the most remote coral reefs, far from human stresses.
	www.wri.org /marine/pubs_content_text.cfm?ContentID=3062 (535 words)

	White Line Horse Disease Dangers
		The reason it is called White Line is that this is in reference to the area of the inner layer of the hoof wall, which is distinctly non-pigmented.
		In the earliest stages of the disease, there is only a noticeable change on the ground surface of the hoof or foot, which is a small area that looks powdery near the place where the hoof wall meets the sole.
		These include moisture that is excessive, feet that are unbalanced, trimmings that are improper, a hoof angle that is acute, deformities in the flexure, lick contracted tendons, as well as club food, concurrent hoof problems, infections that are chronic, and also a trauma that is direct and bleeds.
	www.horses-and-horse-information.com /articles/0197hoof.shtml (1076 words)

	CHAMP - Coral Disease Identification and Information - NOAA's Coral Health and Monitoring Program
		White band disease is characterized by complete coral tissue degradation of Caribbean acroporid corals.
		The disease exhibits a sharp demarcation between apparently healthy coral tissue and exposed coral skeleton.
		White band disease affects acroporids throughout the Caribbean and has decimated populations at a regional scale (Gladfelter, 1982; Peters et al.
	www.coral.noaa.gov /coral_disease/white_band.shtml (371 words)

	White Muscle Disease (WMD)—Stiff Lamb Disease—Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy
		White muscle disease is a degenerative muscle disease found in all large animals.
		White muscle disease is most commonly found in newborns or fast growing animals.
		White muscle disease can be prevented by supplementing the diet of susceptible animals with selenium and vitamin E. Since it occurs mostly in lambs and kids whose mothers were fed a selenium-deficient diet, supplementation of pregnant animals helps reduce disease in newborns.
	www.blackbellysheep.org /articles/whitemuscle.html (736 words)

	White Pine Blister Rust
		White pine blister rust is the most serious disease of white pine in Maine.
		The fungal spore which carries the disease organism from Ribes to pine is fragile, rarely surviving airborne transport for distances exceeding 900 feet, even less where vegetation interferes with spore movement.
		Branches are infected before main stems; therefore if a diseased branch is removed before infection spreads to the main stem, the disease is effectively eliminated from the tree.
	www.maine.gov /doc/mfs/dwhitep.htm (588 words)

	White Spot Disease
		White spot disease and the associated white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) have never occurred in Australia.
		Outbreaks of disease in naïve farmed prawn populations frequently result in the acute onset of epidemic mortalities; affected animals typically have multiple white spots on their carapace.
		White spot disease is also known as white spot syndrome.
	www.animalhealthaustralia.com.au /programs/adsp/nahis/diseases/wsd.cfm (174 words)

	White Pine Blister Rust and its threat to to High Elevation White Pines
		Although high elevation white pines are in remote locations they have not escaped the impacts of human-caused stresses such as exotic pathogens, climate change and fire suppression.
		A major threat to high elevation white pines and their ecosystems is a non - native fungus (Cronartium ribicola) that causes the disease white pine blister rust.
		Generally, white pine blister rust spores germinate on the plant surface and grow into the pine through the stomatal openings in the needles or a through a wound.
	www.fs.fed.us /rm/highelevationwhitepines/Threats/blister-rust-threat.htm (1362 words)

	Graves Disease
		Jeffrey Schiller, M.D. Graves disease is an autoimmune disease.
		In the commonest type of Graves disease, the white blood cells attack the thyroid gland, releasing thyroid hormone.
		After the disease has stabilized, the eyelids can be placed back into their normal position by surgery.
	www.beautifuleyes.com /graves.html (489 words)

	white spot disease
		White spots in the cuticle are unreliable even for preliminary diagnosis of white spot disease, because similar inclusions can be produced by some bacteria, high alkalinity and other infectious or environmental conditions.
		The causative agent of white spot disease is white spot virus, a large DNA virus assigned to the new genus Whispovirus (family Nimaviridae).
		White spots in the cuticle are unreliable even for preliminary diagnosis of white spot disease, as similar lesions can be produced by some bacteria, high alkalinity and other infectious or environmental conditions
	www.disease-watch.com /documents/CD/index/html/cv020wsd.htm (862 words)

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