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Topic: The election of Uthman

	USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts
		Uthman's realm extended in the west to Morocco, in the east to Afghanistan, and in the north to Armenia and Azerbaijan.
		Uthman sent prominent Companions of the Prophet (peace be on him) as his personal deputies to various provinces to scrutinize the conduct of officials and the condition of the people.
		Uthman's murder and the events surrounding it were a symptom, and also became a cause, of civil strife on a large scale.
	www.usc.edu /dept/MSA/politics/firstfourcaliphs.html (5344 words)

	Uthman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Uthman was born into the wealthy Umayyad (Banu Umayya) clan of the Quraish tribe in Mecca, a few years after Muhammad.
		Uthman is perhaps best known for forming and heading the committe which established the basic text of the Qur'an as it exists today.
		Uthman had it copied and sent copies to each of the Muslim cities and garrison towns, commanding that variant versions of the Qur'an be destroyed, and only his version used.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Uthman (1128 words)

	CH7:Uthman
		The election of Uthman on the 1st Muharram 24 AH at seventy years of age as Caliph of the Muslim nation, was regarded by the Umayyads as a triumph for the whole clan, whose long-standing disputes with the Hashimites over the leadership of the Quraish, extended back to the pre-Islamic days.
		Indeed Uthman made no secret of bestowing favors on his kinsmen, feeling that his strength lay in their good will and support.
		Abd Allah Sa'd, Uthman's milk-brother for example, whom the Prophet himself had ordered to be killed during the conquest of Mecca, was put to administer Egypt and was oppressive and excessive.
	www.muslimhistory.00it.com /INenglish/Uthman/Chapter7.htm (507 words)

	Islamic-World.net:Khalifah site for Muslims who love Allah and Jihad. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Uthman was a member of the wealthy Umayyad clan; his early conversion is noteworthy since most members of his clan did not convert until the conquest of Mecca in 630.
		Uthman was chosen caliph by a six-member comittee in 644.
		Uthman was murdered in 656 by a group of discontented Egyptians.
	islamic-world.net /khalifah/khulafa_ur_rashiduun3.htm (1955 words)

	Hadrat Uthman
		Uthman (R.A.) was a soft natured and kind hearted man. He did not hesitate to spend any amount of money on seeing a man in trouble in order to remove his misery.
		Hadrat Uthman enquired into the matter and found that Hadrat Sa'd was not right, therefore Hadrat Sa'd was again deprived of the governorship and Hadrat Walid bin 'Uqbah was appointed as the new governor.
		But the later part of Hadrat Uthman's caliphate was marred by a terrible civil war which ultimately led to the murder of the caliph himself.
	members.tripod.com /nadeem_bah/uthman.htm (10958 words)

	Afghanistan/Iraq: Women Hail Progress But Say More Work Lies Ahead - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Uthman said the women of Iraq need help from the outside world -- governments and nongovernmental organizations alike -- to ensure that the Iraqi constitution represents a more moderate approach to women.
		Uthman spoke with evident pride of the elections of only a few weeks ago -- the strong turnout among women and the 80 seats in parliament that are held by women.
		Uthman acknowledged that the biggest challenge to democracy in Iraq is the insurgency that has raged since the fall of Saddam Hussein.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2005/03/4a36b346-e71f-4c4c-b6b3-0465f8f2bf14.html (871 words)

	[No title]
		Sayyiduna 'Uthman (radi Allahu anhu) belonged to the Ummayah tribe of the Quraish.
		During the Khilaafat of Sayyiduna 'Uthman (radi Allahu anhu), the rebellion in Azerbhaijaan and Armenia was silenced.
		Sayyiduna 'Uthman (radi Allahu anhu) made copies of the Holy Quran from the original and sent it to capitals such as Kufa, Damascus, Makkatul Mukarramah and Basrah, each accompanied by a Sahabi for the guidance of the readers.
	members.lycos.co.uk /sep2002/UTHMANGHANI.htm (583 words)

	Islam Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		When `Uthman came to know about the pledge the Muslims in the camp had taken in his absence, and that the Prophet had taken the pledge on his behalf, he immediately took the pledge in person.
		The moment `Uthman heard this, he outfitted two hundred saddled camels that were to travel to Ash-Sham, and presented them all with 200 ounces of gold as charity.
		This committee comprised `Ali ibn Abi Talib, `Uthman ibn `Affan, `Abdur-Rahman ibn `Awf, Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas, Az-Zubayr ibn Al-`Awam, and Talhah ibn `Ubayd Allah, who were among the most eminent Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and who had received in their lifetime the tidings of Paradise.
	www.islamonline.net /english/journey/2005/11/jour04.shtml (1980 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		When Umar was assassinated in 644, the election of Uthman as successor was met with gradually increasing opposition.
		Ali managed to retain his position as caliph but was unable to bring the territory of Uthman's relative Mu'awiyah under his command.
		Ibadism is distinguished from Shi'ism by its belief that the leader should be chosen on the basis of his faith instead of ancestry, and from the Sunni in its rejection of Uthman and Ali.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Islamic (6119 words)

	Iraq: What Would A Shi'a Victory In The 30 January Vote Mean?
		As Iraq prepares for its 30 January elections for a National Assembly, Shi'a candidates are widely expected to win the greatest number of seats.
		As soon as the election is over, we will witness the abolition of these blocks and the establishment of new blocks, and I am sure these new blocks will surprise everyone," al-Shahbander said.
		Uthman said that during his tenure on the U.S.-appointed Iraqi Governing Council, representatives of secularist and religious parties often clashed -- including over whether Shari'a should govern divorce cases.
	www.payvand.com /news/05/jan/1194.html (1156 words)

	Hazrat Ali
		The assassination of Hadrat Uthman was really due to creation of faction among the Muslim Community which was the goal of ‘Abdullah Bin Saba and his followers (the insurgents), and they achieved it.
		He called Marwan bin al-Hakm, the chief secretary of Hadrat Uthman, who was present, in the house at the time of assassination, but he had already left for Damascus along with a number of Banu Umayyads.
		Amir Mu'awiyah, a kinsman of Hadrat Uthman (R.A.) was shocked on hearing the news, and when it was made public, all the Muslims of Syria were greatly perturbed.
	ourislamonline.tripod.com /ali.htm (12399 words)

	Islam and Muslim by Indonesian Blogger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Details include a cease-fire to be monitored by foreign observers, and elections for an autonomous legislative body in 2004, and an agreement to allow the province to keep 70% of oil and gas revenues.
		October 2 The election of the President by the Assembly (MPR) is scheduled for October 20.
		Wahid won the election for President by combining votes from his own PKB party, other Islamic-oriented parties (including PAN, PPP, Partai Bulan Bintang, and Partai Keadilan), and from Golkar members who were left without a candidate when Habibie withdrew from the race.
	opini-islam.blogspot.com (17781 words)

	Development of Muslim Theology: Part I. Constitutional Development: Chapter I
		The Umayyads succeeded in carrying the election of Uthman, one of their family, an old man and also a son-in-law of Muhammad, who by rare luck for them was an Early Believer.
		In the victory of Muhammad and the election of the first two Khalifas, the house of Hashim had conquered, but it had been the constant labor of the conquerors to remove all tribal and family distinctions and frictions and to bring the whole body of the Arabs to regard one another as brother Muslims.
		Not till the reign of Uthman was he permitted to return, and his son, born after the Hijra, was the most active assertor of Umayyad claims.
	www.sacred-texts.com /isl/dmt/dmt05.htm (6106 words)

	Abolish the Electoral College?
		Since the controversial election of 2000, in which Al Gore won the popular vote and George W. Bush won the electoral vote, I have repeatedly heard talk of abolishing the Electoral College and electing the President by direct popular vote.
		The table was calculated from population data from the 2000 US Census, and the current electoral vote allocation was from the Federal Election Commission.
		The reapportionment of votes for each state was calculated by dividing the state's population by the total US population, multiplying this fraction by the total number of votes in the Electoral College (538), and rounding to the nearest whole number, allowing at least one elector for each state.
	web2.iadfw.net /uthman/electoral_votes.html (380 words)

	One Ummah Network - Uthman ibn `Affan: The Man With Two Lights (Part Two) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Prophet then wanted to send someone highly respected by the Quraish, so he chose `Uthman, who was from one of the most powerful families in Makkah, the Umayyah family.
		The Makkans detained him for three days and a rumor reached the Muslim camp that `Uthman was killed.
		Soon they learned that the rumor of `Uthman's death was false.
	www.oneummah.net /content/view/60/55 (1618 words)

	Politics of Sudan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Al-Turabi was stripped of his posts in the ruling party and the government, parliament was disbanded, the constitution was suspended, and a state of national emergency was declared by presidential decree.
		Al-Turabi was arrested in February 2001, and charged with being a threat to national security and the constitutional order for signing a memorandum of understanding with the SPLA.
		An overview on elections and election results is included in Elections in Sudan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Sudan (1033 words)

	Iraq: What Would A Shi'a Victory In The 30 January Vote Mean? - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		He said a Shi'a win in the elections will mostly be a "sentimental" victory for the community and would not necessarily lead to Shi'a political dominance.
		As soon as the election is over, we will witness the abolition of these blocks and the establishment of new blocks, and I am sure these new blocks will surprise everyone," al-Shahbander said.
		Uthman said that during his tenure on the U.S.-appointed Iraqi Governing Council, representatives of secularist and religious parties often clashed -- including over whether Shari'a should govern divorce cases.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2005/01/fe8805ac-d878-452e-a1b6-134acf156118.html (1227 words)

	Restatement of History of Islam and Muslims
		Uthman's election as khalifa was a triumph of capitalism.
		In 30 Hijri Uthman dismissed Walid and appointed Saeed the new governor of Kufa.
		Uthman agreed to appoint Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr as the new governor of Egypt.
	al-islam.org /restatement/58.htm (18690 words)

	Polarization Around the Character of 'Ali ibn Abi Talib
		They had a quasi-democratic concept of it, and said that the caliph must be chosen by free election, and that the worthiest person was he who had merit as far as faith and piety were concerned.
		If, after his election and after everyone had sworn allegiance to him, he took steps in a direction against the interests of the community of Islam, he should be removed from the caliphate, and if he refused, he should be fought with until killed.
		They also recognised the election of `Uthman and `Ali to be rightful; however they said that towards the end of the sixth year of his caliphate, `Uthman changed his direction and ignored the best interest of the Muslims.
	www.al-islam.org /polarization/18.htm (425 words)

	Talha ibn Ubayd-Allah - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was appointed by the second caliph, Umar ibn al-Khattab, to the council electing his successor, which led to the election of Uthman ibn 'Affan in 644.
		He was a contender for the caliphate who unsuccessfully fought the fourth caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib, in the Battle of the Camel in 656 C.E. to avenge the murder of the preceding caliph, Uthman.
		During the battle, Marwan ibn Al-Hakam shot Talha with an arrow.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talha (311 words)

	The Major Difference Between the Shia and the Sunni (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Muslims agree that the caliphate of Abu Bakr came through election by a limited number of people and was a surprise for all other companions.
		Election, by its nature, does not compel any Muslim to elect a specific nominee.
		This means that the election would lose its own nature and it would be a dictatorial operation.
	www.oneummah.net /unity/differences.htm (786 words)

	The Rightly-Guided Caliphs (Khalifas)
		They are the first four Caliphs: Abu Bakr, 'Umar, Uthman and Ali; Umar ibn Abdul-Aziz; and seven Caliphs who did not appear yet, the last one of them is Al-Mahdi.
		Uthman's wife, Ruqayya was seriously ill just before the Battle of Badr and he was excused by the Prophet
		Muawiya was the cuisine of 'Uthman, so he was the responsible of asking Ali to bring the murderers to trial.
	www.islamicweb.com /history/bio_caliphs.htm (5255 words)

	Al Jazeera English - Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The three main tasks of the 30-strong transitional government over its seven-month lifespan will be running the country, preparing for elections and dealing with the security issue.
		Just because there's a transition, and just because we're going to move from this election to that election does not mean America will leave Iraq.
		Abd al-Zahra Uthman Muhammad, also known as Izz al-Din Salim, said the transitional government should include "experienced people with concrete social and political connections".
	english.aljazeera.net /NR/exeres/91F564CD-F1C5-4457-A0E6-21B15D33BE89.htm (503 words)

	American Elections and Hizb At-Tahrir
		The election by the people of their representatives to the government and the election of the people’s choice of rulers is part and parcel of Islam.
		The election of Uthman (R), however, was the result of an opinion survey conducted by Abdurrahman ibn ‘Awf to determine which of the two Sahaba (R), Ali (R) or Uthman (R), the people favored.
		One might describe "Election Day" in the United States as the "official" polling survey distinct from average polling surveys preceding it only in the fact that a candidate for any given office has been duly recognized as being the people’s choice.
	www.ilaam.net /Articles/HizbAtTahrir.html (4442 words)

	The BEAST: Buffalo's Best Fiend
		It's America I feel sorry for, because now we're even further through the looking glass of truth-suppression, and the dominance of cable news bullies who exhibit as much restraint and objectivity as mentally challenged internet bloggers is further reaffirmed.
		Ladies and gentlemen, we are in a new age.
		If the media were liberal, they'd remind us of the actual history of the Arab-Israeli conflict and its position at the very heart of the "War on Terror." If the media were liberal, they might mention that free trade is destroying the middle class.
	www.buffalobeast.com /59/uthmanrather59.htm (1124 words)

	Muslims, Islam, and Iraq
		In 656, after the asassination of the third caliph, 'Uthman, 'Ali succeeded him and in 656 had moved to Kufa, an early center of the Shi'is that is just slightly to the northeast of Najaf.
		Among these mullahs was Shaykh 'Uthman 'Abd al-'Aziz, whom IMIK appointed as their mufti (one who is empowered to make fatwas, which are religiously binding decrees) (UK, "Country Assessment") and who was considered to be the "main spiritual guide" of the movement (Shourush, "Islamic Fundamentalist Movements").
		Sunnis May Participate in Iraq's Elections This article, originally published in aljazeera.com, refers to the Association of Muslim Scholars as the "most powerful Sunni group." It also refers to Sheikh Harith al-Dhari as the leader of the Association and to Abdul-Salam al-Kobeisi as its public relations chief.
	www.uga.edu /islam/iraq.html (8486 words)

	The BEAST: Buffalo's Best Fiend
		Guckert wrote often about John Kerry's “pro-homosexual platform” in the runup to the election.
		One of his stories was titled, "Kerry Could Become First Gay President." These stories, needless to say, were not positive, but designed to scare and anger homophobes, to fan the flames of their dumb hatred.
		The results were somewhat surprising, putting Byron Brown up front and spelling almost certain doom for Masiello, who may have actually lost to a canteloupe if it had been offered as an alternative in the poll.
	www.buffalobeast.com /69/uthman69.htm (1682 words)

	The Origins and Early Development of Shi`a Islam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The events leading to the murder of `Uthman are beyond the
		critic of 'Uthman to assume the role of his avenger.
		and 'Uthman in expressions such as d~ 'Al~ and d?n 'Uthman.
	www.karbala-najaf.org /shiaism/080-100.htm (5976 words)

	4. Ali(R.A.)
		He did not have a desire for the Khilafat after Hadrat Uthman's assassination, but when he was selected he tried his best to fulfil his responsibility.
		His trustworthiness can well be imagined from the fact that the Holy Prophet entrusted to him all the cash and other things, he was having in his trust, at the time of his migration to Medina so that Ali (R.A.) would return them to the owners.
		Hadrat 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud said, Ali's decision is the most authentic." Because of his vast knowledge of the Holy Qur'an and Hadith, he became the greatest jurist of his time, as Islamic Jurisprudence requires knowledge of the Holy Qur'an and Hadith to the fullest possible extent.
	alislaah2.tripod.com /caliphs/id4.html (15286 words)

	ideofact: August 2003 Archives
		The Rafidis, usually descripted as "a group of extremist Shi'is" alleged the 'Uthman had expunged some verses from the Qur'an (Zarkashi 1972 1:240).
		Literally, meaning "repudiators", the term was also used as a term of abuse by some Sunni theologians for all Shi'is. None of the earlier Shi'i groups that rejected the authenticity of the 'Uthmannic canon are still in existence.
		I personally doubt that the incident that touched off the discussion (the election of an openly gay man to be a bishop of the Episcopal Church) merits John Derbyshire's invocation of the heresy of Joachim, but the discussion of the heresy itself, and the links provided, are of interest.
	www.ideofact.com /archives/2003_08.html (6246 words)

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