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Topic: The missing thirteenth amendment

	Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The thirteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to the legislatures of the several states by the Thirty-eighth Congress, on January 31, 1865.
		The amendment was declared, in a proclamation of Secretary of State William Henry Seward, dated December 18, 1865, to have been ratified by the legislatures of twenty-seven of the then thirty-six states.
		Interestingly enough, the 13th Amendment makes the use of the "chain gang" or other methods of involuntary servitude by convicted criminals constitutional in the United States, as long as the methods of enforcing the servitude are not "cruel and unusual" (floggings, beatings, etc.).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution (381 words)

	United States Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In either case, amendments must have the approval of the legislatures or of smaller ratifying conventions within three-fourths of the states before becoming part of the Constitution.
		All amendments save one have been submitted to the state legislatures for ratification; only the 21st Amendment was ratified by individual conventions in the states.
		Fifteenth Amendment (1870): Prohibits the federal government and the states from using a citizen's race, color, or previous status as a slave as a qualification for voting.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_States_Constitution (5300 words)

	The Original 13th Amendment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This Amendment was proposed, properly ratified, and was a matter of record in the several States archives until 1876, by which time it was quietly, and fraudulently deleted, never repealed, during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War and the presently acknowledged Thirteenth Amendment was substituted.
		The original records of the original 13th amendment were thought to be destroyed at the time of the burning of the capitol during the War of 1812, but have since been found in the archives of the British Museum, the national archives and in the archives of several of the States and territories.
		This amendment to the Constitution relating to slavery was sent to the states for ratification by the Second Session of the Thirty-sixth Congress on March 2, 1861, when it passed the Senate, having previously passed the House on February 28, 1861.
	www.theawaregroup.com /original13th.htm (1365 words)

	The Real Titles of Nobility Amendment FAQ
		Twelve states ratified the amendment, not enough to make it part of the Constitution under Article V of the Constitution, which requires ratification of "the legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress."
		Earle argues that the amendment's appearance in "Laws of the United States of America, From the 4th of March, 1789, to the 4th of March, 1815," prepared for the Congress, was already an anachronism.
		The publication of an amendment as part of the Constitution at best indicates that the publishers who compiled the book (not necessarily the state legislature) thought that it was part of the Constitution, and at worst that sloppy editors were at work.
	www.thirdamendment.com /nobility.html (4797 words)

	"The Missing 13th Amendment "TITLES OF NOBILITY" AND "HONOR" [14] - SIGNIFICANCE OF REMOVAL To create the present ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The story of this "missing" Amendment is complex and at times confusing because the political issues and vocabulary of the American Revolution were different from our own.
		The meaning of the amendment is seen in its intent to prohibit persons having titles of nobility and loyalties foreign governments and bankers from voting, holding public office, or using their skills to subvert the government.
		The missing Amendment is referred to as the "title of nobility" Amendment, but the second prohibition against "honour" (honor), may be more significant.
	www.wealth4freedom.com /truth/10/missing13th.htm (3160 words)

	The The Missing Thirteenth Amendment
		On December 18, 1865, the "new" 13th Amendment loudly prohibiting slavery (and quietly surrendering states rights to the federal government) was proclaimed adopted by Secretary of State Seward, replacing and effectively erasing the original Thirteenth Amendment that had prohibited "titles of nobility" and "honors".
		The significance of this missing Thirteenth Amendment and its deletion from the Constitution is this: Since the amendment was never lawfully nullified, it is still in full force and effect and is the Law of the land.
		If public support could be awakened, this missing Amendment might provide a legal basis to challenge many existing laws and court decisions previously made by lawyers who were unconstitutionally elected or appointed to their positions of power; it might even mean the removal of lawyers from our current government system.
	sheriffsteve.www6.50megs.com /orig13th.html (9224 words)

	The Missing Thirteenth Amendment
		Constitutional amendments may be ratified by a vote of the state legislature or by convention, as Congress may specify under Article V of the Constitution, and by no other method, such as a referendum.
		Therefore, although the ratification of an amendment through its inclusion in a compilation of state law authorized by ordinary legislation would not be a constitutional procedure in any case, in this case the publication was not even intended to be a ratification.
		The amendment was submitted to the states on July 12, 1909; New Mexico joined the Union on January 6, 1912 and ratified on February 3, 1913; Arizona joined the Union on February 14, 1912 and ratified on April 3, 1912.
	www.thirdamendment.com /missing.html (10959 words)

	The Missing 13th Amendment
		The House of Representatives then approved the amendment on May 1, 1810 by a vote of 87 to 3, and TONA was submitted to the states for ratification.
		One theory is that TONA was a reflection of the general animosity to foreigners evident in the United States before the War of 1812.The animosity manifested itself in a number of fashions.
		First, he concluded that the authority of NARA to certify an amendment under 1 U.S.C.2106b was limited to situations in which NARA had received "official notification" from at least three-quarters of the states then in existence.
	www.civil-liberties.com /13/page1.html (1120 words)

	13th Amendment Scam Resurfaces
		First, an amendment's ratification is a decision committed to the political branch of the government, meaning the Congress.
		When an amendment is proposed in the typical manner, states ratify the amendment and send notice of ratification to the Secretary of State.
		You cannot prove that an amendment was ratified without having the actual state ratifications of sufficient number to meet the constitutional threshold.
	www.quatloos.com /13th_amendement.htm (1285 words)

	USA: The Missing 13th Amendment
		On December 6, the "new" 13th Amendment loudly prohibiting slavery (and quietly surrendering states rights to the federal government) was ratified, replacing and effectively erasing the original 13th Amendment that had prohibited "titles of nobility" and "honors".
		The significance of this missing 13th Amendment and its deletion from the Constitution is this: Since the amendment was never lawfully nullified, it is still in full force and effect and is the Law of the land.
		If public support could be awakened, this missing Amendment might provide a legal basis to challenge many existing laws and court decisions previously made by lawyers who were unconstitutionally elected or appointed to their positions of power; it might even mean the removal of lawyers from the current US government system.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/E/thirteen/thirteen1.htm (8669 words)

	The Real Thirteenth Constitutional Amendment
		The original records of the real Thirteenth Amendment were thought to be destroyed at the time of the burning of the capitol during the War of 1812, but have since been found in the archives of the British Museum library in London and in the archives of several of the States and territories.
		The Amendment was proposed in the midst of an ever-deepening diplomatic crisis in the early years of the 19th century, with the continued impressments of sailing men from American ships on the high seas, with Spain falling into the arms of the British lion after being conquered by France.
		The Thirteenth Amendment was a measure against British imperialism in the wake of their alliance with Spain, and it was supported by Federalists who were eminently suspicious of the "democratic clubs" fomented by the Bonapartes, who would always follow a republican revolution with their own seizures of power and creation of new titles.
	www.barefootsworld.net /real13th.html (7026 words)

	Coastal Post Article - The Missing Thirteenth Amendment
		It has been called "the Missing Thirteenth" but is more properly known as the T.O.N. or "Titles of Nobility" section.
		Illinois alone published six different editions containing this "missing Thirteenth Amendment." And as late as 1876, the Territory of Wyoming published its organic laws and included this section as the valid Thirteenth Amendment, and the anti-slavery amendments of Reconstruction as Articles Fourteen and Fifteen.
		To view a Table of the states, including the publications of their organic laws, use: http://www.nidlink.com/~bobhard/13table.html For many years there was a controversy over the actual status of the 1819 Virginia ratification, and whether or not the failure of that legislature to send a letter to the Secretary of State disqualified their positive vote.
	www.coastalpost.com /97/1/20.htm (1703 words)

	The Missing 13th Amendment to the Constitution [Free Republic] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Moreover, after studying the Amendment's language and historical context, they realized that the principal intent of this "missing" Thirteenth Amendment was to prohibit Attorneys of the Bar Associations from serving in government as an "elite" class, i.e., lawyers holding membership in a society with a charter that creates special privileges for the them.
		Even if this Thirteenth Amendment were never ratified, even if Dodge and Dunn's research or reasoning is flawed or incomplete, it would still be an extraordinary story.
		On April 27, 1810, the Senate voted to pass this Thirteenth Amendment by a vote of 26 to 1; the House resolved in the affirmative 87 to 3; and the following resolve was sent to the States for ratification:
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3a293ddf096a.htm (3784 words)

	TONA Research Committee - The Thirteenth Article of Amendment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		With the enactment of Act No. 280, March 12, 1819, which was Voted, En Bloc, and publication of the Revised Code, the State of Virginia notified the Department of State, the Congress, the Library of Congress, and the President of their action by issuing to each a copy of the Laws of Virginia.
		The disappearance of the original 13th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States has been under investigation by independent modern researchers during the past nineteen years.
		The law is still there, waiting only to be publicly recognized and enforced once again to protect the Sovereignty and Interests of WE THE PEOPLE, and to force the elected representatives of the people to adhere strictly to their solemn and binding Oath of Office and the limitations of government imposed by the Constitution.
	www.amendment-13.org (910 words)

	The missing thirteenth amendment - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The missing thirteenth amendment was an amendment to the United States Constitution, proposed in 1810 by Republican Senator Philip Reed:
		Most constitutional scholars consider the Titles of Nobility Amendment ("TONA") to have not been ratified by enough states to become a part of the Constitution, plus most people would consider it to have no real world effect even if it were part of the Constitution.
		However, there exists groups of people who claim that it was properly ratified, and that it would have an effect.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/The_missing_thirteenth_amendment (271 words)

	Missing 13th Amendment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Second, although already prohibited by the Constitution, an additional "title of nobility" amendment was proposed in 1789, again in 1810, and according to Dodge, finally ratified in 1819.
		That is one of the reasons why this amendment was ratified by Virginia and the notification was lost in the mail.
		Therefore, the 13th Amendment's official date of ratification would be the date of re- publication of the Virginia Civil Code: March 12, 1819.
	users.frii.com /gosplow/13th.html (4882 words)

	The Original Thirteenth Amendment Additional Links
		The "Missing Thirteenth Amendment":Constitutional Nonsense and Titles of Nobility an article by Jol Silversmith, republished with permission of Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal at http://www.civil-liberties.com/13/page0.html
		From the Original 13th Amendment Ratification Table you can see that several "Territories" of the United States had the "Title of Nobility" Amendment published in their Territorial Codes.
		Congress, therefore, in its approval of those Territorial Codes, has given its acknowledgment and approval that the "Title of Nobility" Amendment was ratified and that it existed as an integral part of the Constitution until 1876 at least.
	www.barefootsworld.net /13links.html (534 words)

	Titles of Nobility amendment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Had the amendment passed, it would have had little if any effect.
		Some people, however, claim that it was properly ratified, and that it would have an effect.
		They are generally peddled by far-right extremist movements.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/titles_of_nobility_amendment (320 words)

	TONA Research Committee - Additional Study Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The "Missing Thirteenth Amendment":Constitutional Nonsense and Titles of Nobility, an article by Jol Silversmith, republished with permission of Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal.
		The Demon Of Discord, Ratification and Suppression of the Original Thirteenth Amendment, by Richard C. Green in rebuttal of the above article by Silversmith.
		THE MISSING 13TH AMENDMENT, The Original Discovery Treatise on the Web by David Dodge, the discoverer with Tom Dunn of the Missing 13th Amendment, written by Al Adask, with additions.
	www.amendment-13.org /studylinks.html (220 words)

	Index - U.S.A. The Republic
		This index page list several documents showing that for several years before the Civil War, a "Title of Nobility" Amendment was published in several Codes of the States and Territories.
		This index page list several documents that show the Fourteenth Amendment was not ratified in accordance to the federal Constitution.
		Listed also are several documents that show Congress using the Fourteenth Amendment to take away your rights and the rights and powers of the States.
	www.usa-the-republic.com (538 words)

	Living Trust - Amending Living Trust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		First Amendment: Freedom of Religion IS Freedom From It!
		Lists several news events that raise the church-state issue, asks if government should be involved...
		An article that in detail explains why the "missing 13th amendment" is a myth, and why fringe groups...
	www.living-trust.resourcepage.info /amendinglivingtrust (467 words)

	APFN Messageboard 2003-07-03 Archive
		The law that never was, Is 16th Amendment legal?
		800 U.S. guns issued to officials still missing
		US lead Foreign "peacekeepers" coming to a base near you
	www.apfn.net /messageboard/7-03-03/07-03-03.htm (408 words)

	ReferenceResources:CivilWar
		Facts and information about the Reconstruction after the Civil War
		Ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution
		A free enclyclopedia to use for researching topics -
	www.kidinfo.com /American_History/Civil_War.html (871 words)

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