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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Thembu
		The Thembu are one of the handfull of nations and population groups which speak isiXhosa in South Africa.
		Probably the most internationally famous Thembu is Nelson Mandela.
		Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela OM, CC, AC, QC (IPA:) (born July 18, 1918) was the first President of South Africa to be elected in fully-representative democratic elections.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Thembu (198 words)

	Tile, Nehemiah, South Africa, Thembu National Church
		He is believed to have been a member of the Thembu branch of the southern Nguni, but his actual origins are uncertain.
		By the early 1870s he was working as an evangelist for the Wesleyan Methodist mission in the Thembu region of the present eastern Cape Province.
		Saunders, C. "Tile and The Thembu Church." JAH 11 (4) (1970): 553-70.
	www.dacb.org /stories/southafrica/tile_nehemiah.html (257 words)

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	MSN Encarta - Romania
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	Romania - VisitEurope.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
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	Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
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	Amnesty International Report 2002 - Europe - ROMANIA
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	Romania
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	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Country profiles \| Country profile: Romania
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	USAID Europe and Eurasia: Romania
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	Romania : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
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	WTO \| Romania - Member information
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	Romania Travel - Travelogues : Poiana Hotels, Sinaia Hotels, Predeal Hotels
	romania.8k.com (759 words)

	Mandela: An Excerpt : OUPblog
		The Thembu were one of twelve isiXhosa-speaking chieftaincies that inhabited the Transkei, the largest of South Africa’s African peasant reserves situated on South Africa’s eastern seaboard.
		The Thembu lefthand house, descendants of Ngubencuka’s third wife, by convention served as counsellors or advisers to the royal household, the sons of Ngubencuka’s ‘Great House’.
		In this capacity, Mandela suggests, his father Henry Gadla Mpakhanyiswa can be thought of as the Thembu paramount’s ‘prime minister’, though more prosaically he was accorded the post of village headman at Mvezo near Umtata by the administration of the Transkeien territories, a secular authority of white magistrates and other officials.
	blog.oup.com /2007/08/mandela_biog (1051 words)

	lp
		The representative claims that the battle took place in 1826 when, after a land dispute with the Thembu, the Ngwane were ambushed and massacred by British troops sent by Governor Lord Charles Somerset to assist the Thembu.
		In July 1828, the Thembu king Ngubencuka sent 5000 troops against the Ngwane at their capital outside modern Umtata, and they were joined in the attack by a commando of British soldiers under Major Dundas.
		Their move to the Thembu area resulted from a desire to get away from the slavers of the Freestate, but they then unwittingly came up against the third prong of European invasion on the subcontinent -- the British, the most powerful military force in the world at the time.
	www.dispatch.co.za /2000/03/03/features/LP.HTM (1133 words)

	Tile, Nehemiah, South Africa, Thembu National Church
		Beginning in 1879 he served as a probationer in Thembuland, where he clashed with his superintendent, mainly as a result of dissatisfaction with the degree of white control in the mission.
		As a result, he left the Wesleyan Church in 1883 to start the Thembu National Church, forerunner of the thousands of African Initiated Churches that came into being during the twentieth century.
		The Thembu king was elected head of this church, a new expression of Africa consciousness in South African Christianity.
	www.dacb.org /stories/southafrica/tile3_nehemiah.html (238 words)

	Kaiser Matanzima - Definition, explanation
		A member of Thembu royalty (he was Nelson Mandela’s nephew), Matanzima was born in Qamata.
		In 1961 he graduated to Chairman of the TTA, survived an assassination attempt in December 1962 by members of the Pan Africanist Congress, and in 1963 was an obvious candidate for Chief Minister of the newly formed Transkeian Legislative Assembly.
		His prominence was bolstered in 1966 when he inherited the title of Paramount Chief of the Emigrant Thembu; he founded the Transkei National Independence Party and led it to election victories in 1968 and 1973, being sworn in as Prime Minister when Transkei became the first bantustan to gain nominal independence in 1976.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/k/ka/kaiser_matanzima.php (563 words)

	Powell's Books - Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela by Nelson Mandela
		Mandela recounts his youth, as the foster son of a Thembu chief, raised in the traditional tribal culture of his ancestors as he grew to learn the inescapable reality of apartheid oppression.
		The foster son of a Thembu chief, Mandela was raised in the traditional, tribal culture of his ancestors, but at an early age learned the modern, inescapable reality of what came to be called apartheid, one of the most powerful and effective systems of oppression ever conceived.
		In classically elegant and engrossing prose, he tells of his early years as an impoverished student and law clerk in Johannesburg, of his slow political awakening, and of his pivotal role in the rebirth of a stagnant ANC and the formation of its Youth League in the 1950s.
	www.powells.com /cgi-bin/partner?partner_id=26355&cgi=biblio&show=TRADE%20PAPER:NEW:0316548189:17.95 (671 words)

	Denver Post Online: Books & Authors
		In Thembu tradition, as with many other African tribes, uncles and aunts were as responsible for the welfare of children as the children's own parents and were referred to as `little fathers' and `little mothers'.
		Because of his family ties to the Thembu royal house and to the Madiba clan dating back to an eighteenth-century Thembu chief, the young Mandela was taken up as a ward by Chief Jongintaba Dalindyebo, the acting regent of the Thembu people.
		The alternative, as it applied to the vast majority of young Thembu men of his age, was for him to seek work far beyond the borders of Thembuland, in the mines or on the farms of white South Africa.
	extras.denverpost.com /books/chap69.htm (8226 words)

	The Zulu Nation of South Africa
		The Xhosa, Pondo and Thembu of the Eastern Cape, (formerly Transkei) are major representatives of the South Nguni, while the Zulu, the Swazi of Swaziland and the Ndbele (in the present provinces of Gauteng and Mpumalanga) are of the Northern Nguni.
		The Nguni are believed by Bryant and Krige to have been one of three large African migrant groups whose tradition of horticulture and cattle breeding combine the major cultural attributes of West, Central and North East Africa, from where they are held to have moved along separate routes to Southern Africa.
		The final Nguni migration populated the heart of KwaZulu-Natal where the small and unimportant Zulu clan was later to succeed the Ndwandwe and Mthetwa empires respectively in the north-west and north-east.
	minotaur.marques.co.za /clients/zulu/indexorg.htm (421 words)

	South Africa - Nguni
		The Thembu represent a number of clans that managed to exert their dominance over neighboring clans.
		The Thembu recognize their own royal clan, the Hala, who led many Thembu into battle against the Xhosa during the late eighteenth century.
		The Pondo royal clan, the Nyawuza, struggled to establish and to preserve its dominance over neighboring clans well into the nineteenth century, when some of the Pondo and their neighbors were displaced and subjugated by the Zulu.
	countrystudies.us /south-africa/46.htm (2944 words)

	tkei
		This tournament was held in Port Elizabeth on April 12, but was stopped after Eastern Province and Border teams refused to play against the Transkei-based Thembu Royals, alleging the players were too old.
		Dakuse said they also heard they were supposed to have attended a disciplinary hearing, of which they knew nothing.
		In their letter of appeal to Safa CEO Albert Mokoena, Safa-Transkei claimed they and Thembu Royals were never notified to attend the disciplinary hearing.
	www.dispatch.co.za /2003/05/01/sport/TKEI.HTM (249 words)

	AXIS GALLERY / AFRICAN ART / XHOSA / CLICKS
		Red ochre and white beads inaugurated the social life of a Thembu child, which commenced with a two-day ceremony for the extended family, during which mother and child remained isolated indoors.
		Although Broster states that every color was symbolic among the Thembu in Qebe, she specifies only that yellow beads symbolized fertility and green represented new life (1967:171, 105).
		Among the Thembu these galas were each controlled by an executive committee, strictly constituted, and regulated by behavioral rules and fines.
	www.axisgallery.com /african_art/illuminated-signs/illuminated2.html (4112 words)

	frontline: the long walk of nelson mandela: chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Rolihlahla Dalibhunga Mandela is born in a small village in the Transkei province in the Eastern Cape of South Africa.
		His family has royal connections; his great-grandfather was a Thembu king and Mandela's father is a respected counselor to the Thembu royal family.
		He is raised lovingly, but with discipline, by the chief and his wife in the Thembu royal household.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/mandela/etc/cron.html (2445 words)

	The Raw Story \| Mandela's grandson to restore clan's traditional leadership role
		Thembu people Monday, a position the liberation-struggle hero himself
		The Thembu people are part of the Xhosa nation.
		the Mvezo chief are often described as being akin to that of Thembu
	rawstory.com /news/dpa/Mandela_s_grandson_to_restore_clan__04162007.html (148 words)

	1995 Pulitzer Prizes-CRITICISM, Works
		He was born in 1918, into the royal household of the Thembu tribe.
		His father served as a kind of prime minister to the Thembu monarchs and, he writes, "I was groomed, like my father before me, to counsel the rulers of the tribe."
		Nelson found himself living in straitened circumstances in a small village, but privilege reasserted itself when his father died and he was placed in the household of the Thembu ruler.
	www.pulitzer.org /year/1995/criticism/works/margo2.html (782 words)

	Washingtonpost.com: Mandela- Journey of a Nation
		The first child of the third wife of the village chief, he was groomed – as was his father, Chief Henry – to counsel the tribal rulers.
		home of the Thembu people of the Xhosa nation for centuries, was at this time a part of the Union of South Africa in the British Commonwealth.
		And though he was a Thembu chief by birth, Mandela's father, as the village leader, had to account to a representative of the British government as well as to the Thembu king.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/inatl/galleries/mandela/part1.htm (926 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The main subgroups are the Bhaca, Bomvana, Mfengu, Mpondo, Mpondomise, Xesibe, and Thembu [2].
		In the Classic BattleTech sci-Fi universe, there is a planetary system named Xhosa, containing the inhabited planet Xhosa VII.
		Nelson Mandela, former President of South Africa is a Xhosa-speaking member of the Thembu people.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Xhosa (1815 words)

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