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	Themistocles - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Libanius Declamations 9 and 10; Aelian; Cornelius Nepos "Themistocles").
		Themistocles therefore persuaded his countrymen to build 200 triremes, and—what was of even greater importance—to fortify the three natural harbours of Piraeus in place of the open roadstead of Phalerum.
		But Themistocles soon began to lose the confidence of the people, partly owing to his arrogance (it is said that he built near his own house a sanctuary to Artemis Aristoboulë “of good counsel “) and partly to his alleged readiness to take bribes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Themistocles (1078 words)

	Themistocles. Plutarch. 1909-14. Plutarch’s Lives. The Harvard Classics
		Themistocles, in great distress that the Greeks should retire, and lose the advantage of the narrow seas and strait passage, and slip home every one to his own city, considered with himself, and contrived that stratagem that was carried out by Sicinnus.
		Themistocles replied, that a man’s discourse was like to a rich Persian carpet, the beautiful figures and patterns of which can only be shown by spreading and extending it out; when it is contracted and folded up, they are obscured and lost; and, therefore, he desired time.
		Themistocles, having escaped this great danger, in admiration of the goodness of the goddess that appeared to him, built, in memory of it, a temple in the city of Magnesia, which he dedicated to Dindymene, Mother of the gods, in which he consecrated and devoted his daughter Mnesiptolema to her service.
	www.bartleby.com /12/1.html (3483 words)

	THEMISTOCLES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Themistocles himself commanded the Athenian fleet, which constituted more than half the total Greek forces, the entire fleet being under the command of the Spartan admiral Eurybiades.
		The Battle of SalamÎs resulted in a crushing defeat for the Persians, and Themistocles was acclaimed one of the foremost men of his time.
		In spite of the conclusion to his career, Themistocles was a statesman of outstanding ability, and his strong naval policy laid the foundations of the Athenian Empire.
	www.suffix.com /interests/themistocles/encarta.themistocles.html (360 words)

	THEMISTOCLES - LoveToKnow Article on THEMISTOCLES
		Themistocles therefore persuaded his countrymen to put in hand the building of 200 triremes, and what was of even greater importanceto fortify the three natural harbours of Peiraeus (see E. Gardner, Ancient At/lens, 562 f.~ in place of the open roadstead of Phalerum.
		Pot, it would seem that Themistocles was archon in 483-82 at the time when this naval programme began.
		But Themistocles soon began to lose the confidence of the people, partly owing to his boastfulness (it is said that he built near his own house a sanctuary to Artemis Aristoboul of good counsel) and partly to his alleged readiness to take bribes.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TH/THEMISTOCLES.htm (901 words)

	Battle of Salamis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Themistocles interpreted the wooden wall as the fleet of ships, and argued that Salamis would bring death to the Persians, not the Greeks.
		Themistocles argued in favor of fighting at Salamis, as the Persian fleet would be able to continually supply their army no matter how many defensive walls Eurybiades built.
		During the night Aristides, formerly a political opponent of Themistocles, arrived to report that Themistocles' plan had worked, and he allied with the Athenian commander to strengthen the Greek force.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Salamis (1211 words)

	Themistocles
		In his youth Themistocles is said to have shown a wayward and willful disposition, an inclination to reckless expenditure, a love of display and a fondness for admiration, which clearly fore-shadowed, in the opinion of his biographers, those traits both of nobility and sordidness which distinguished him in his public life.
		Themistocles perceiving that the decision of the council would be against him, now had resort to one of those bold measures which he knew how to adopt in time of need.
		Themistocles threw off the mask and openly avowed the progress of the works, and declared that Athens henceforward would be her own mistress and would consult her own interests.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles35/foreign-statesmen-5.shtml (4898 words)

	Themistocles
		Themistocles was born in a village named Phrearrhioi as the son of a man named Neocles.
		According to Themistocles' biographer Plutarch of Chaeronea, the young man "was of a vehement and impetuous nature, of a quick apprehension, and a strong and aspiring bent for action and great affairs", but this is probably nothing but a retroprojection.
		Themistocles' role in the 470's is unclear, but he played a role in the founding of Piraeus as Athens' new harbor, and it is certain that the Athenians thought he was becoming too powerful.
	www.livius.org /th/themistocles/themistocles.html (2119 words)

	S Y N T H E S I S - Themistocles
		But for Themistocles, however, despite being regarded as the alien child of a “woman of Caria”[1] he did not seem to be constricted by the lowly circumstances of his birth.
		By 472 BC political factionalism in Athens had become so commonplace that Themistocles was eventually condemned to exile by his countrymen, although ostracism itself was seen more as a means of “blunting the spirit of envy, which delights in bringing down the mighty”[29] rather than a form of punishment.
		Themistocles - by this time a veteran of several “hair-breadth escapes”[37] - then decided to attempt a journey across the Aegean in order to meet the Persian King[38], and was smuggled aboard a ship bound for the Persian coast[39].
	www.rosenoire.org /articles/hist29.php (816 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2004.07.68
		Both the scene and the man Themistocles are vividly contextualized in the overall strategic relationship between Persia and the Greeks, in the ambiguities of the Athenian democracy and the Persian court, and in the rough and tumble world of the rower and the marine.
		When Themistocles' agent Sicinnus arrives in the Persian camp (the figure is first illuminated in Chapter Six, "From Salamis to Phaleron") the Persian officers are primed for his message, and they foolishly launch their ships in the night.
		Themistocles is again the hero, but only to the reader; he hides his role from the Greeks, and Aristides takes word of the Persian movements to the other Greeks.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2004/2004-07-68.html (2485 words)

	Themistocles - History Essay 78
		Themistocles (thuh MISS tuh kleez) was born between 510 and 520 BC and stepped onto the world stage in 490 BC.
		Themistocles deliberately abandoned Athens (the Persians burned the Acropolis), moving the population west to the island of Salamis, where they were joined by remaining Spartans.
		Themistocles, however, was well regarded by the Persians he had defeated, and an estate in Magnesia was awarded him by the Persian king.
	www.naciente.com /essay78.htm (629 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| Themistocles by Plutarch
		Notwithstanding this, Stesimbrotus says that Themistocles was a hearer of Anaxagoras, and that he studied natural philosophy under Melissus, contrary to chronology; Melissus commanded the Samians in the siege by Pericles, who was much Themistocles's junior; and with Pericles, also, Anaxagoras was intimate.
		Themistocles being banished from Athens, while he stayed at Argos the detection of Pausanias happened, which gave such advantage to his enemies, that Leobotes of Agraule, son of Alcmaeon, indicted him of treason, the Spartans supporting him in the accusation.
		Themistocles replied, that a man's discourse was like to a rich Persian carpet, the beautiful figures and patterns of which can only be shown by spreading and extending it out; when it is contracted and folded up, they are obscure and lost; and, therefore, he desired time.
	classics.mit.edu /Plutarch/themisto.html (3335 words)

	Themistocles
		Themistocles favored the expansion of the navy to meet the Persian threat and persuaded the Athenians to spend the surplus generated by their silver mines on building new ships - the Athenian navy grew from 70 to 200 trireme ships.
		But when Themistocles became archon, since he thought that the Peiraeus was more conveniently situated for mariners, and had three harbors as against one at Phalerum, he made it the Athenian port.
		For it is said that the Athenians repented of their treatment of Themistocles, and that his relations took up his bones and brought them from Magnesia.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Bios/Themistocles.html (1203 words)

	Themistocles, Greece, ancient history
		As a statesman, Themistocles opened Athens to merchants from abroad and also was one of the first to plan colonizations of the West.
		Themistocles was said to be an arrogant man, with an inclination toward sly politics, and this led to his ostracization by the Athenians in 471 BC.
		Themistocles went to Argos, Corfu and eventually to Xerxes's son Artaxerxes I in Persia.
	www.in2greece.com /english/historymyth/history/ancient/themistocles.htm (314 words)

	Psephite: (Ancient) History Repeating (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Themistocles was the archetypal loner / outsider, who won his place on the proscenium through the force of his innovative ideas, rather than factional support.
		Themistocles' approach was opposed by his archrival, Aristides, an aristocratic conservative who wanted to distribute the spoils to the people as normal, rather than invest it.
		Themistocles and Aristides each staked their reputations on the silver mine debate, with the loser to be banished.
	psephite.blogspot.com /2004/10/ancient-history-repeating.html (649 words)

	Themistocles
		Themistocles, son of Neocles, was a new breed in Athenian politics.
		Unfortunately, for Themistocles, he was not put in command of the combined Navies of Greece, which included ships from the Aegean and the Peloponnesus, from states including Sparta, Aegineta and Corinth.
		Eurybiades was intelligent enough to understand that Themistocles was a genius when it came to politics as well as naval warfare.
	www.indepthinfo.com /salamis/themistocles.shtml (275 words)

	Themistocles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The final example of conflict occurs after the battle, and Themistocles suggests that the fleet sail to the Hellespont and destroy the bridge.
		However, this too is merely speculation, as Herodotus tends to personify collective decisions, and Themistocles could well be merely a mouth piece for the new Athenian assembly who Themistocles is answerable to.
		However without a doubt Themistocles was a prominent general, and made a major contribution to the Greek success.
	www.herodotuswebsite.co.uk /essays/them.htm (1766 words)

	Herodotus: Book Eight
		Themistocles is urged by Mnesiphilus, an Athenian, to prevent this retreat (57).
		Themistocles argues for the strategic advantages of fighting in the narrow waters near Salamis (60).
		Themistocles argues for sailing to the Hellespont and breaking the bridges; Eurybiades argues against this, because Xerxes would be more dangerous if trapped in Europe (108).
	academic.reed.edu /humanities/Hum110/Hdt/Hdt8.html (2040 words)

	Plutarch's Life of Themistocles
		[10] Themistocles, being at a loss, and not able to draw the people over to his opinion by any human reason, set his machines to work, as in a theater, and employed prodigies and oracles.
		[12] Some say that while Themistocles was thus speaking things upon the deck, an owl was seen flying to the right hand of the fleet, which came and sat upon the top of the mast; and this happy omen so far disposed the Greeks to follow his advice, that they presently prepared to fight.
		Others believed that they saw apparitions, in the shape of armed men, reaching out their hands from the island of Aegina before the Grecian galleys; and supposed they were the Aeacidae, whom they had invoked to their aid before the battle /8/.
	www.bostonleadershipbuilders.com /plutarch/themistocles.htm (4227 words)

	Themistocles (c. 514 B.C. - 449 B.C.)
		Themistocles took advantage of the ten years' respite between Marathon and Salamis to transform her into a maritime power.
		His policy was hotly opposed by Aristides, the leader of the conservatives, who believed, and truly, that with maritime development old-fashioned principles and institutions would be weakened.
		In the famous council the night before the great battle, Themistocles urged that if they retreated further, as the Peloponnesians selfishly proposed, the contingents would disperse to their homes and Greece would be lost.
	www.usefultrivia.com /biographies/themistocles_001.html (592 words)

	Themistocles
		Although the Greek fleet was entrusted to a Spartan, Themistocles determined its strategy, thus bringing about the decisive victory of Salamis (480) and the retreat of Xerxes to Persia.
		A purported copy of Themistocles' decree to evacuate Athens, discovered at Troezen in 1959, indicates that the evacuation, as well as the battle of Salamis, was not hastily planned but was a measure carefully conceived months before to trap the Persians at Salamis.
		Themistocles devoted himself to strengthening the navy and the fortifications, especially those of Piraeus.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0848385.html (279 words)

	Themistocles. Part 2/2
		At some point in the late 470s Themistocles was ostracised (sent into exile for 10 years by popular vote) and went to live in Argos.
		While he was in exile the Spartans sent a delegation to Athens accusing Themistocles of being involved in a conspiracy to bring Greece under Persian domination.
		Themistocles asked for a year to learn Persian, after which period he appeared at Artaxerxes’ court and promised to help him conquer Greece.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/18302/108665 (410 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Yet upon study of the Life of Themistocles, one is struck by the way Themistocles seems to tower over all the events that are portrayed.
		We learn from Plutarch that “Themistocles’ longing for fame laid an irresistible hold on him, and that he was swiftly drawn into public affairs while he was still in the vigor of youth.
		Themistocles was delighted at this and admitted to his friends that he was not reaping the fruit of all his labors for Greece (Them., 17)”.
	pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca /~sueng/School/Essays/Themistocles.doc (981 words)

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