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Topic: Theobromine

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	Caffeine and Theobromine
		Caffeine and theobromine are both xanthine stimulants, and theobromine is the metabolite of caffeine, which is in fact methyltheobromine.
		The structures of caffeine and theobromine are shown below.
		Both caffeine and theobromine are naturally occurring members of the methylxanthine family and whilst caffeine has an effect on predominately the central nervous system, theobromine is associated with diuretic responses.
	www.hull.ac.uk /chemistry/horseDoping/caffeine_and_theobromine.htm (279 words)

	Bodybuilding.com - Clayton South - Clayton's Health Facts: Theobromine.
		Theobromine (C7H8N4O2, or 3,7-dimethylxanthine, or 3,7-Dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione) is a methylxanthine and is a chemical relative of caffeine.
		Theobromine is a naturally occurring substance in over sixty species of plant, and is most concentrated in the cocoa bean.
		Theobromine is commonly used to treat hypertension because of its ability to relax smooth muscle tissue and dilate blood vessels.
	www.bodybuilding.com /fun/southfacts_theo.htm (563 words)

	Theobromine
		Theobromine is an alkaloid belonging to the methylxanthines.
		The structure of theobromine is similar to that of caffeine.
		Although theobromine does not cause harmful effects with humans, it is highly toxic to some domestic animals, including dogs and horses.
	www.phytochemicals.info /phytochemicals/theobromine.php (168 words)

	Theobromine
		Theobromine (C7H8N4O2, or 3,7-dimethylxanthine, or 3,7-Dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione) is an alkaloid of the methylxanthine family, which also includes the similar compounds theophylline and caffeine.
		Theobromine is found in cocoa and chocolate, in doses that are safe for humans to consume in large quantities, but can be lethal for animals such as dogs and horses, as they metabolize theobromine more slowly.
		Theobromine remains in the body for a very long period of time, however between six and ten hours after it has been ingested, levels of theobromine are halved.
	www.greatvistachemicals.com /proteins-sugars-nucleotides/theobromine.html (526 words)

	All about Chocolate -- no Caffeine
		Compare theobroma & theobromine; caffea & caffeine; coca and cocaine; in each case the portion of the plant name turned into a name ending with -ine, this is for the amine funcitonality with in the molecule (the alkaloid).
		Theobromine and caffeine are similarly constructed types of pharmacologically active chemicals metabolized by the liver.
		Theobromine is a strong stimulant and was used by the Spanish to keep their armies going while conquering Central and South America.
	www.xocoatl.org /caffeine.htm (971 words)

	Chocolate Products - Nutritional Information - HERSHEY'S
		Theobromine is a methylxanthine, in the same class of compounds as caffeine and theophylline.
		Theobromine is found primarily in cocoa beans, caffeine in coffee and tea, and theophylline in tea.
		Since theobromine occurs naturally in cocoa beans, it is present in all chocolate products.
	www.hersheys.com /nutrition/theobromine.asp (186 words)

	Theobromine, What is Theobromine? About its Science, Chemistry and Structure
		The Principal Alkaloid of the Cacao Bean is theobromine, a close structural relative of caffeine.
		Theobromine is a minor constituent of tea but it is not present in coffee.
		Theobromine has a ten fold less stimulating effect to humans than caffine does.
	www.3dchem.com /molecules.asp?ID=155 (306 words)

	Coughing? Take some chocolate
		The volunteers were given a dose of theobromine that was equal to the amount of the ingredient found in a 50g bar of dark chocolate or two cups of cocoa.
		The researchers concluded that theobromine is a promising new treatment, which may form the basis for a new type of medicines that can relieve or prevent coughing.
		According to this study, theobromine, which is a key ingredient found in chocolate, may be effective at stopping persistent coughs.
	www.bupa.co.uk /health_information/html/health_news/301104chocolatecough.html (818 words)

	Theobromine, a compound in chocolate, works as effective cough medicine
		Theobromine, which has no side effects, acts on the sensory nerve endings at the vagus nerve, which runs through the airways in the lungs to the brain.
		Barnes and colleagues gave 10 healthy volunteers tablets containing: theobromine, a constituent of cocoa or; codeine, the cough suppressant against which other drugs are measured or; a placebo.
		The researchers believe theobromine acts on the sensory nerve endings of the vagus nerve, which runs through the airways in the lungs to the brain.
	www.newstarget.com /002530.html (738 words)

	Theobromine : by Ray Sahelian, M.D.
		Theobromine is related to caffeine, but it is a milder stimulant.
		The cacao bean, and tasty products derived from the cacao bean such as chocolate, and the beverage cacao, popular with many people worldwide, is rich in specific antioxidants, with the basic structure of catechins and epicatechin, and especially the polymers procyanidins, polyphenols similar to those found in vegetables and tea.
		The alkaloids theobromine and caffeine are responsible for the stimulant effect of cacao and chocolate and contribute to bitter cacao flavor.
	www.raysahelian.com /theobromine.html (392 words)

	Theobromine inhibits sensory nerve activation and cough -- Usmani et al. 19 (2): 231 -- The FASEB Journal
		The effect of theobromine, codeine, and placebo on the capsaicin concentration required to induce five coughs (C5) in 10 healthy volunteers.
		Theobromine (100 µM) inhibited capsaicin (10 µM) -induced nerve depolarization of the human vagus by 66.7% (Fig.
		Theobromine mediated inhibition of capsaicin-induced nerve depolarization of isolated human vagus nerve.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/short/19/2/231 (1386 words)

	Theobromine, a chemical found in cocoa mulch, can be harmful to pets.
		Theobromine, a chemical found in cocoa mulch, can be harmful to pets.
		Chocolate's toxicity to animals is directly related to three factors: the type of chocolate, the size of the animal, and the amount of chocolate ingested.
		Theobromine affects the heart, central nervous system, and kidneys, causing nausea and vomiting, restlessness, diarrhea, muscle tremors, and increased urination.
	www.housepetsupply.com /Great-Dane-Information10.htm (586 words)

	Effects of theobromine should be considered in future studies -- Kelly 82 (2): 486 -- American Journal of Clinical ...
		Theobromine is "present in chocolate in uniquely high quantities"
		effects of theobromine at doses as low as 100–560 mg (4).
		Discriminative stimulus and subjective effects of theobromine and caffeine in humans.
	www.ajcn.org /cgi/content/full/82/2/486-a?ck=nck (444 words)

	Home-Human Foods that Poison Pets
		Chocolate contains theobromine, a compound that is a cardiac stimulant and a diuretic.
		The effect of theobromine on the heart is the most dangerous effect.
		Theobromine will either increase the dogâs heart rate or may cause the heart to beat irregularly.
	www.petalia.com.au /Templates/StoryTemplate_Process.cfm?specie=Dogs&story_no=257 (908 words)

	Isolation of theobromine from chocolate
		I know that chocolate is toxic but I thought maybe I could somehow isolate theobromine from differents kinds of chocolate and deduce which kind is the most toxic.
		You could probably measure theobromine content by some type of chromatography technique (GC or more likely HPLC) and not have to worry about isolation by extraction.
		I'm using GCMS to analsye the theobromine content in different brands of chocolate from bars to drinking choc.
	www.chemicool.com /forum/about97.html (444 words)

	Definition of theobromine - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "theobromine" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "theobromine" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "theobromine" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.merriam-webster.com /dictionary/theobromine (64 words)

	TopSearch10 - Search Results - theobromine caffeine comparison (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		TopSearch10 - Search Results - theobromine caffeine comparison
		Find Theobromine Caffeine Comparison any many other great deals at MonsterMarketplace!
		Find Theobromine Caffeine Comparison and more at Lycos Search.
	theobromine-caffeine-comparison.tbl.sytes.net (122 words)

	Theobromine
		By maintaining stock of Theobromine in our 5 warehouse distribution system, we can offer our customers bulk products (like the Theobromine) with the maximum on-time delivery to meet your customers' fast-paced requirements.
		Theobromine is just another example of that quality assurance.
		With your order of AHD Theobromine, you can be certain of receiving that quality.
	www.ahdintl.com /Products_Theobromine.html (444 words)

	Chocolate Toxicity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Ironically, it is the bitter seeds, packed with theobromine and caffeine, which are used to make chocolate.
		The pods grow directly off the trunk of the cacao tree and must be harvested by hand so as not to damage the tree.
		Toxic doses of theobromine are 9mg per pound of dog for mild signs up top 18 mg per pound of dog for severe signs.
	www.marvistavet.com /html/body_chocolate_toxicity.html (615 words)

	Caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline in baking chocolate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The method uses isocratic elution with a mobile phase composition (volume fractions) of 10% acetronitrile/90% water (pH adjusted to 2.5 using acetic acid) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min with ultraviolet absorbance detection (274 nm).
		Concentration levels of caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline were measured in single 1-g samples taken from each of eight bars of chocolate over an eight-day period.
		The repeatability for the caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline measurements was 5.1, 2.3, and 1.9%, respectively.
	www.chocolate.org /methylxanthine.html (177 words)

	Parkvets Chocolate - Theobromine further information page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Below are listed the sources of theobromine commonly implicated in poisoning incidents as reported to the Veterinary Poisons information Service.
		Fatal doses of theobromine for dogs are suggested as ranging from 90-250 mg/kg though some sources report 100-500mg/kg, this suggests that there is considerable individual variation in what represents a fatal dose.
		But deaths have certainly been reported at the lower end of the range.
	www.parkvets.com /petsandvets-chocolatefurtherinfo.html (237 words)

	Definition Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Find the best deal on Hydroxycut, Ripped Fuel, Metabolift, Diet Fuel, Mini Thins, and more!
		Theobromine is obtained from the dried ripe seed of Theobroma cacao, which is used to make chocolate.
		An alkaloid found in tea that is similar to caffeine.
	www.drumlib.com /dn/th.htm (208 words)

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