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Topic: Theodora, wife of Theophilus

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	Theophilus (828-842) - Michael III (842-867)
		Theophilus: Emperor of the Empire of Byzantium (829-842), the last advocate of the Iconoclasm (the abolition of religious images) in a reign characterized by Arab invasions.
		Theophilus was crowned as co-emperor in 820 and shortly thereafter married Theodora, chosen from a group of candidates.
		Theophilus, who afforded an asylum to a number of Persian refugees, one of whom, called Theophobus after his conversion to Christianity, married the emperor's sister Helena, and became one of his generals.
	members.fortunecity.com /fstav1/emperors/theophilus.html (1353 words)

	Wikipedia: Theodora
		Possessed of a strong and austere character, she refused the hand of the heir-presumptive, Romanus, who was married instead to her sister Zoë in 1028.
		Theodora, wife of Theophilus (Byzantine emperor Theophilus II in the 9th century),
		Theodora, the second wife of the 3rd century Roman Emperor Constantius I Chlorus.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/t/th/theodora.html (335 words)

	Theodora (9th century) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Theodora depicted as ruler on this coin, with her son Michael, nominally emperor, and her daughter Thecla on the reverse.
		Originally from Paphlagonia, Theodora was selected by Theophilus' step-mother Euphrosyne as his bride and travelled from her homeland to Constantinople accompanied by several members of her family.
		Appointed guardian of her infant son, Michael III, she carried on the government with a firm and judicious hand; she replenished the treasury and deterred the Bulgarians from an attempt at invasion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Theodora,_wife_of_Theophilus (310 words)

	POMOG - Complete List of Saints
		Theophilus of the Kiev Caves, Bishop of Novgorod.
		Martyrs Domninus, Timothy, Theophilus, Theotimus, Dorotheus, Eupsychius, Carterius, Pamphilius, Agathangelus and Castorus of Palestine.
		Martyrs Theophilus the deacon and Helladius in Libya.
	www.pomog.org /saintlist.shtml (11248 words)

	The Life Of Saint Irene Chrysovalantou
		After the death of the apostate Theophilus, his wife Theodora occupied the throne of Byzantium.
		This very blessed woman was to rule the empire until her son Michael came of age.
		Soon after, her sister, the wife of Prince Varda, sent her eunuch to see Irene who was thus able to inform him of a recent revelation that the Prince would soon die at the wish of the Emperor Michael, who would himself immediately lose his life and kingdom.
	www.serfes.org /lives/stirene.htm (4840 words)

	Theophilus (828-842) - Michael III (842-867)
		Theophilus was crowned as co-emperor in 820 and shortly thereafter married Theodora, chosen from a group of candidates.
		Theophilus, who afforded an asylum to a number of Persian refugees, one of whom, called Theophobus after his conversion to Christianity, married the emperor's sister Helena, and became one of his generals.
		Theophilus also restored the University of Constantinople after its 8th-century decline and appointed the brilliant Byzantine teacher Leo the Mathematician as its new rector.
	fstav.50megs.com /emperors/theophilus.html (1369 words)

	Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (monarchs) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		I have this vague memory of Justinian II renaming his wife Theodora, but I could be imagining things.
		Unfortunately, the Theodora empresses are surnameless, numberless, and known to historical references books only as 'Theodora the wife of Justinian' and 'Theodora the wife of Theophilus'.
		Theodora I and Theodora II, though are NOT standard.
	www.termsdefined.net /wi/wikipedia-talk:naming-conventions-(monarchs).html (1983 words)

	HTC: Lenten Synaxarion: The Triumph of Orthodoxy Sunday
		Now when her dream had passed and Theophilus had come to his senses, he cried, "Woe is me in my wretchedness, I am struck for the sake of the holy icons." And immediately the empress held an icon of the Theotokos above him and entreated her with tears.
		Theodora then commanded that all who were in exile and in prison be freed.
		Having completed the prayers, the empress Theodora retired at dawn on Friday, and dreamed that she was at the foot of the Cross, and there were several people passing noisily by, wearing various instruments of torture.
	www.holy-trinity.org /liturgics/synaxarion/5-orthodoxysunday.html (1300 words)

	Iconoclasm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Emperor Leo V (reigned 813-820) instituted a second period of Iconoclasm in 813, which seems to have been less rigorously enforced, since there were fewer martyrdoms and public destructions of icons.
		Theophilus died leaving his wife Theodora regent for his minor heir, Michael III.
		Since that time the first Sunday of Lent is celebrated in the churches of the Orthodox tradition as the feast of the "Triumph of Orthodoxy".
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/i/ic/iconoclasm.html (733 words)

	Country Information, a world portal on countries, politics and governments
		Irene the Athenian (Î•Î¹ÏÎ®Î½Î· Î· Î‘Î¸Î·Î½Î±Î¯Î±) (755 - 803, ruled 797 - 802) – wife of Leo IV, mother of Constantine VI; canonized by the Orthodox church; deposed and exiled to Lesbos
		Theodora (ÎÎµÎ¿Î´ÏÏÎ±) (ruled 842 - 855) – wife of Theophilus; empress and regent for Michael III; canonized by the Orthodox church; deposed and entered monastery
		Theodora (ÎÎµÎ¿Î´ÏÏÎ±) (980 - 1056, ruled 1042) – daughter of Constantine VIII, coempress with Zoe
	www.countryiworld.com /wiki-Byzantine_emperor (2511 words)

	Iconoclasm articles and news from Start Learning Now (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Michael was succeeded by his son, Theophilus (emperor)Theophilus.
		Theophilus died leaving his wife Theodora, wife of Theophilus
		Theodora regent for his minor heir, Michael III.
	www.startlearningnow.com /iconoclastic.htm (2084 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Saint Joannicus
		Tried to be a peacemaker, arguing that the orthodox should try to understand and reunite with iconoclast priests.
		Advisor to Saint Theodora the Studite and Saint Methodius of Constantinople.
		His prophesied the restoration of images to churches, a prophesy fulfilled by Theodora, wife of emporer Theophilus.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/saintj2k.htm (162 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Iconoclasm
		Lazarus, was scourged till he nearly died; another monk, Methodius, was shut up in prison with common ruffians for seven years; Michael, Syncellus of Jerusalem, and Joseph, a famous writer of hymns, were tortured.
		But the emperor's wife Theodora and her mother Theoctista were faithful to the Second Nicene
		Photius, 842-67), and the regent was Michael's mother, Theodora.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07620a.htm (6018 words)

	Theodora (9th century) - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Theodora (9th century) - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		In the last year of her husband's reign (842) she overrode his ecclesiastical policy and summoned a council under the patriarch Methodius, in which the veneration (not worship) of icons (images of Christ and the saints) was finally restored and the iconoclastic clergy dispossessed.
		This page was last modified 01:52, 10 May 2005.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Theodora,_wife_of_Theophilus (227 words)

	Iconoclasm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In a response recalling the later Protestant Reformation, Constantine moved against the monasteries, had relics thrown into the sea, and stopped the invocation of saints.
		Constantine's son, Leo IV (775-80)was less rigorous,trying to conciliate factions until near the end of his life, when he took severe measures against images and would have banned his secretly icon-venerating Athenian wife, Irene.
		But before that happened he died, and Irene took power as regent for her son, Constantine VI (780-97).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iconoclasm (2117 words)

	Vandalism . Domitian . Saddam Hussein . World Wide Web . Iconoclasm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		V reigned 813-820 instituted a second period of Iconoclasm in 813, which seems to have been less rigorously enforced, since there were fewer martyrdoms and public destructions of icons.
		Leo was succeeded by Michael II, who was succeeded by his son, Theophilus emperor Theophilus.
		Theophilus died leaving his wife Theodora, wife of Theophilus Theodora regent for his...
	www.uk.kunsimuna.net /Vandalism_UK_640466_mu (580 words)

	calendar\02-99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Xenophon, his wife Mary and sons Arcadius and John (5th - 6th cen.).
		Virgin - martyr Fausta with Evilasius and Maximus, at Cizicus (315 - 311).
		Virgin - martyr Dorothy with sisters: Christina and Callista, and Martyrs: Theopilos and Theophilus at Caesarea in Cappadocia (288 -300).
	www.ausorthodox.com /02-99.htm (1114 words)

	Expert Answer Forum
		His campaign set off a long-standing controversy, which, even after the Second Council of Nicea in 787, was not entirely resolved, as some emperors persisted in their iconoclastic beliefs.
		In 780, the Emperor Leo IV died, and his wife, the Empress Irene, took advantage of her son's minority to ascend to power as his regent.
		In 842, Empress Theodora became regent and though she was hesistant about reversing her dead husband's policies, she appointed Methodius as Patriarch and in 843 he condemned iconoclasm and proclaimed the first Sunday of Lent to be the Feast of Orthodoxy, to celebrate the victory of the faith.
	www.saint-mike.org /apologetics/qa/Answers/Church_History/h000211Gilmour.html (739 words)

	Prologue: hagiographies of the saints
		The great and glorious Baptist John was beheaded according to the wish and instigation of the wicked Herodias, the wife of Herod.
		Her maidservant was Johanna, the wife of Chuza a courtier of Herod.
		Finally, during the reign of the pious Empress Theodora, the mother of Michael and the wife of Theophilus and at the time of Patriarch Ignatius it was translated to Constantinople.
	www.mpc.org.mk /English/Calendar/prologue.asp?id=1163 (354 words)

	Printable Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		We sing thy praises as the gem and fairness of the Church, and as a diadem and pattern of all Christian queens, O all-lauded and divinely-crowned Theodora; for in bringing back the icons to their rightful place, thou didst cast usurping heresy out of the Church.
		As for the renowned Empress Theodora, she was from Paphlagonia and was the daughter of a certain Marinus, the commander of a military regiment.
		While being the wife of the Emperor Theophilus, the last of the Iconoclasts, she adorned the royal diadem with her virtue and piety; as long as her husband Theophilus lived, she privately venerated icons, despite his displeasure.
	www.goarch.org /en/chapel/saints.asp?printit=yes&contentid=425 (252 words)

	Iconoclasm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Emperor Leo V (reigned 813-820) instituted a second period of Iconoclasm in 813, which seems to have been less rigorously enforced, since there were fewer martyrdoms and publicdestructions of icons.
		Leo was succeeded by Michael II, who was succeeded byhis son, Theophilus II.
		Like Irene 50 years before her, Theodora mobilized the iconodules andproclaimed the restoration of icons in 843.
	www.therfcc.org /iconoclasm-45301.html (764 words)

	[No title]
		wife of St. Justynian the Emperor (548), St.
		, wife of Greatmartyr Eustathius (Eustace) Placidas (118), Martyr.
		, Domninus, Timothy, Theophilus, Dorotheus, Eupsychius, Carterius, Pamphilius, Agathangelus, and Castorus of Palestine, Martyr.
	www.zeta.org.au /~aofosm/saints/theo.htm (1718 words)

	npnf206-index.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Origenism one of the eighty heresies, 85 ; Jerome accused of, 131 ; campaign of Theophilus against, 182-186 ; condemned at Rome, 183.
		Theodora, wife of Lucinius, consolatory letter to, 154; commended to Abigails, 157.
		Theophilus, bishop of Alexandria, 427 ; reconciled to Jerome, 134 ; exhorts Jerome to peace with Bishop John, 170; Jerome's reply to, 171 ; campaign of against Origenism, 182-188; exhorts bishops of Palestine
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/npnf206/npnf206-index.html (3707 words)

	decendants of Leon Skleros (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		VII of_Constantinople ---- (Porphyrogenitus, [13337] Born to the Purple) painter and author emperor in the East d.959 Helena Lecapena [13347] --------- wife of Constantine VII, emperor in the East
		Theophilus of_Constantinople ---- [13340] emperor in the East d.842 Theodora of_Constantinople ------ [13343] empress in the East wife of Theophilus, emperor in the East
		Romanus II of_Constantinople ---- [13336] emperor in the East d.963 Theophano ________ [13350] ------ wife of Romanus II, emperor of the East wife of Nicephorus, emperor of the East
	www.hdhdata.org /roots/d0280.shtml (621 words)

	St. Theodora, orthodox saints, Greece
		1) The wife of the Byzantine emperor Theophilus with whom she had Michael the Drunkard.
		Empress Theodora wanted the worship of images to be reinstated, and died in a convent 867.
		The texts, photographs, drawings and animations may not be copied and displayed in any way without written permission.
	www.in2greece.com /english/saints/theodora.htm (113 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Irene (wife of Leo III)
		In 732 Leo III, in search of allies to help him against devastating Arab incursions into the empire, sent an embassy to the Chazar chagan to arrange for the marriage of the latter's daughter to his son and heir.
		Only a year or so after Irene, Maria, his second wife, was to die at approximately the same time asLeo IV's coronation, which took place in June 751.
		It has been suggested that Irene's original name was Chichek, the Turkish for 'flower', on the basis of a scholion to Constantine Porphyrogenitus' de ceremoniis, which records that the Chazar empress introduced to the Byzantine court a garment called the 'tzitzakion', presumably called after her own name.
	www.roman-emperors.org /irenev.htm (416 words)

	Physical Description of Jesus
		Emperor Leo V (reigned 813-820) instituted a second period of Iconoclasm in 813, which seems to have been less rigorously enforced, since there were fewer martyrdoms and public destructions of icons.
		Theophilus died leaving his wife Theodora regent for his minor heir, Michael III.
		Since that time the first Sunday of Lent is celebrated in the churches of the Orthodox tradition as the feast of the "Triumph of Orthodoxy".
	www.thenazareneway.com /likeness_of_our_saviour.htm (5757 words)

	Holy Trinity Orthodox Church - Sunday of Orthodoxy
		After the decision of the Seventh Ecumenical Council, however, the divisions among the people continued, since some of the Emperors chose to ignore the decrees of the Council.
		Theodora, wife of Theophilus, convened a great council in 842 at Constantinople.
		Methodius, a respected and inspired man, was Patriarch.
	www.holy-trinity-church.org /content/view/243/2 (1230 words)

	Byzantines
		Michael II the Stammerer or the Amorian (Μιχαήλ Β' ο Τραυλός η Ψηλλος) (770 - 829, ruled 820 - 829) – Strategos, son-in-law of Constantine VI Theophilus (Θεόφιλος) (813 - 842, ruled 829 - 842) –; son of Michael II Ste.
		Michael III the Drunkard (Μιχαήλ Γ' ο Μέθυσος) (840 - 867, ruled 842 - 867) – son of Theophilus; assassinated
		Romanus IV and his wife Eudocia Makrembolitissa, who was also the wife of Constantine X
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Medieval/Byzantine.html (2132 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of February 11
		Theodora, wife of the iconoclast emperor Theophilus, did her utmost during the reign of her son, Michael the Drunkard, to restore the veneration of sacred images.
		Saint Methodius, Theodora instituted the Feast of Orthodoxy on the first Sunday in Lent, which celebrates the restoration of holy images for veneration.
		While she ended her life in a convent, her claim to sanctity is questionable (Attwater2, Benedictines, Encyclopedia).
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0211.htm (3526 words)

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