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| | Travel Guide To Turkey, Guide de la Turquie, GUIDE MARTINE, Guide to Turkey, Guide de Turquie, Travel, Turkey, Voyage, ... |
 | | In the 7th, 8th and 9th centuries, Constantinople was besieged by the Avars (in 626), the Bulgarians (in 813 and 913), the Arabs (or Saracens in 673-677 and again in 718) and each time repelled the besiegers. |
 | | At the end of the 11th century, the religious schism that definitively separated the Roman Catholic Church from the Orthodox Church, and the arrival of the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia, weakened the Byzantine greatness. |
 | | In the 12th century, a new portion of ramparts was added by Manuel I Comnenus (1143-1180) for a better protection of the quarter of Blachernae in which stood the Palaces where the Byzantine emperors now resided. |
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