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Topic: Theophylline

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	theophylline - Asthma symptoms, relief therapies, treatment and medications on MedicineNet.com
		Theophylline can also be helpful in patients with emphysema and chronic bronchitis when their symptoms are partially related to reversible airway narrowing.
		Theophylline can also be used in treating patients with emphysema and chronic bronchitis when their symptoms are related to reversible airway narrowing.
		Theophylline should be used cautiously in patients with high blood pressure, peptic ulcer disease, seizure disorders, and serious heart disease, especially with heart rhythm problems.
	www.medicinenet.com /theophylline/article.htm (614 words)

	Theophylline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Theophyllines are very popular in the USA and on the continent, but some respiratory physicians in this country still have reservations about its use, mainly because of the high incidence of side effects, particularly at the upper limit of its therapeutic range, and the availability of more potent and less toxic alternatives.
		Theophylline has also been shown to increase the force of contraction of the diaphragm in patients with COAD although this mechanism of action, and any clinical value of this function is still disputed.
		Theophylline produces bronchodilatation in a concentration dependent manner and continuous therapy can reduce the symptoms of chronic asthma, reduce the dosage of oral corticosteroids in steroid dependent asthma, and reduce the requirement for symptomatic use of ß2-agonists.
	www.priory.com /cmol/theo.htm (1657 words)

	Theochron ( Theophylline ) - Patient Information - Pharmacy Rx.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Theophylline is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms and reversible airflow obstruction associated with chronic asthma and other chronic lung diseases, e.g., emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
		Theophylline was not shown to be teratogenic in CD-1 mice at oral doses up to 400 mg/kg, approximately 2.0 times the human dose on a mg/m2 basis or in CD-1 rats at oral doses up to 260 mg/kg, approximately 3.0 times the recommended human dose on a mg/m2 basis.
		Theophylline clearance is reduced in patients greater than 60 years of age, resulting in increased serum theophylline concentrations in response to a given theophylline dose.
	www.pharmacyrx.com /prescription/drugs/Theochron_Theophylline.shtml (5141 words)

	Theophylline
		Theophylline and its close relatives aminophylline, caffeine and chocolate, are members of the methylxanthine group of chemicals.
		Theophylline is able to effect several actions which are helpful in a number of respiratory conditions.
		Theophylline is removed from the body by the liver using a system called the “cytochrome p450 system.” Other drugs that also use this system will have influences on the way theophylline is metabolized (depending on which drug the enzyme system will bind preferentially).
	www.marvistavet.com /html/body_theophylline.html (739 words)

	Theophylline - ACAAI
		Theophylline is one of the most commonly used medications for the treatment of the symptoms of chronic asthma.
		Also, while theophylline is secreted to a small extent in breast milk, most infants of mothers who take theophylline can continue to breast feed unless excessive stimulation occurs in the baby.
		Theophylline, however, has been used effectively for over 50 years and can continue to be beneficial to asthmatic patients if proper guideline are followed.
	www.acaai.org /public/advice/theoph.htm (786 words)

	Facts about topic: (Theophylline) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Theophylline is a drug, a phosphodiesterase (additional info and facts about phosphodiesterase) (PDE) inhibitor (A substance that retards or stops an activity), that is widely used in therapy for respiratory diseases.
		It bears structural and pharmacological similarity to caffeine (A bitter alkaloid found in coffee and tea that is responsible for their stimulating effects).
		The use of theophylline is complicated by the fact that it interacts with various drugs, chiefly cimetidine (A drug (trade name Tagamet) used to treat peptic ulcers by decreasing the secretion of stomach acid) and phenytoin (An anticonvulsant drug (trade name Dilantin) used to treat epilepsy and that is not a sedative)
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/th/theophylline.htm (435 words)

	Theophylline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Theophylline is a bronchodilator medicine that opens airways by relaxing the muscles in and around the airways that tighten during an asthma episode.
		If theophylline is taken in capsule form, you may open up the capsule and sprinkle it on a small amount of sweet, soft food such as yogurt, jelly, or honey to disguise the taste.
		Theophylline may be prescribed to be taken every 8 or every 12 hours.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MedEd/medicine/Allergy/Asthma/asthws9.html (328 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Theophylline
		Theophylline is used to prevent and treat wheezing, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing caused by asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and other lung diseases.
		Theophylline is sometimes used to treat breathing problems in premature infants.
		Avoid large amounts of these substances while you are taking theophylline.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a681006.html (819 words)

	theophylline/aminophylline
		Theophylline and aminophylline are bronchodilator drugs (i.e., drugs that open the lung passages) used to treat people with asthma.
		Theophylline and aminophylline are used systemically (carried in the blood stream through the body) and have side effects throughout the body.
		Large amounts of caffeine (a substance that is related to theophylline) may increase the activity and side effects of theophylline.
	www.drugstore.com /qxc40915_332828_sespider/theophyllineaminophylline/theophyllineaminophylline.htm (1123 words)

	Theophylline \| Poison Control Center - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
		Patients on long-term theophylline therapy may experience adverse reactions from the drug at lower serum concentrations when compared to similar reactions experienced by patients suffering from acute ingestions.
		Theophylline affects several different organ systems and, therefore, individuals suffering from intoxication of this drug may present with a wide range of symptoms.
		Morbidity associated with theophylline overdose is usually caused by its severe effects on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems.
	www.chop.edu /consumer/jsp/division/generic.jsp?id=72613 (593 words)

	Theophylline/Aminophylline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Theophylline: recent advances in the understanding of its mode of action and uses in clinical practice.
		Effect of theophylline administered intratracheally as a dry powder formulation on bronchospasm and airway microvascular leakage in the anesthetized guinea-pig.
		Theophylline suppresses the release of tumour necrosis factor-alpha by blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages.
	www.umdnj.edu /rspthweb/bibs/theophyl.htm (3490 words)

	Theophylline news articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Theophylline and hydroxy ethyl theophylline (etophylline) have been lowered from Rs 499per kg to Rs439 per kg and Rs650 per kg to Rs511 per kg, respectively.
		Theophylline is an oral, slow-acting medication that requires regular blood tests to determine whether it is administered at the proper level.
		Jessica Kurten said traces of caffeine and theophylline were detected in a sample taken from her horse, Libertina, at the annual Spruce Lodge event last...
	www.mongabay.com /drugs/drugs/Theophylline.html (1832 words)

	Standards of laboratory practice: theophylline and caffeine monitoring -- Pesce et al. 44 (5): 1124 -- Clinical ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Theophylline is used in the treatment of asthma and chronic
		Theophylline interacts with a large number of drugs (25).
		Theophylline in acute childhood asthma: a meta-analysis of its efficacy.
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/44/5/1124 (1903 words)

	Effect of HSR-903, a New Fluoroquinolone, on the Concentration of Theophylline in Serum -- Niki et al. 43 (6): 1494 -- ...
		The concentrations of theophylline and its metabolites in urine were measured by the method of Scott et al.
		Theophylline concentrations in serum were analyzed by using repeated measure analysis of variance.
		Urinary excretion rates of theophylline and its metabolites are shown in Table 2.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/43/6/1494 (1384 words)

	Long-acting beta2-agonists versus theophylline for maintenance treatment of asthma
		Theophylline and long acting beta-2 agonists are bronchodilators used for the management of persistent asthma symptoms, especially nocturnal asthma.
		To assess the comparative efficacy, safety and side-effects of long-acting beta-2 agonists and theophylline in the maintenance treatment of adults and adolescents with asthma.
		Long-acting beta-2 agonists, particularly salmeterol, are more effective than theophylline in improving morning and evening PEF, but are not significantly different in their effect on FEV1.
	www.cochrane.org /reviews/en/ab001281.html (470 words)

	Theophylline toxicity : Epilepsy.com/Professionals
		Theophylline is a widely used bronchodilator and a very potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant.
		Theophylline is also an added risk factor for seizure exacerbation in epilepsy patients and preferably should be avoided.
		The level of theophylline is reduced by phenytoin, carbamazepine, and phenobarbital.
	professionals.epilepsy.com /page/pulmonary_theo_tox.html (363 words)

	Theophylline dosing review
		Theophylline is the cornerstone in the management of both the acute and chronic phases of reversible airway obstruction.
		Therefore, to minimize the risk of toxicity, doses of theophylline should be increased cautiously, especially at the upper levels of the therapeutic range.
		Theophylline has a relatively long half-life in certain patient populations (the elderly and CHF patients), consequently it may take several days to reach steady state.
	www.rxkinetics.com /theo.html (1150 words)

	Theophylline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Theophylline is used to reduce the frequency and severity of breathing problems in people with asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, and other lung disorders.
		Theophylline passes into breast milk and may be toxic to nursing infants; avoid or discontinue use while breast-feeding.
		Theophylline elixir contains alcohol and should not be used by children.
	www.wholehealthmd.com /refshelf/drugs_view/1,1524,591,00.html (555 words)

	Theophylline, Serum
		Theophylline is prescribed for bronchial asthma, for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and for newborn apnea.
		The half-life of theophylline is from three to 10 hours for adults and 1.4-7.9 hours for children, but varies between individuals.
		Studying serum concentrations and toxic effects, Bertino et al found toxicity with peak theophylline concentrations as low as 19.4 mg/L. Recognizing theophylline toxicity over a wide range of theophylline levels, these authors questioned the association between the severity of toxic effects and serum concentrations.
	www.labcorp.com /datasets/labcorp/html/chapter/mono/td036900.htm (360 words)

	Theophylline -- Pediatric Advisor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Theophylline is a long-term control medicine that relaxes the smooth muscles around the airways.
		Theophylline is often taken by mouth as a syrup, tablet, or capsule.
		Theophylline preparations are different from one brand to another.
	www.medformation.com /ac/crspa.nsf/pa/pa_theophyl_hhg.htm (543 words)

	Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants
		Methylxanthines (such as theophylline and caffeine) are drugs that are believed to stimulate breathing efforts and have been used to reduce apnea.
		Theophylline and caffeine are two forms that have been used.
		There is a need for clinical trials with larger numbers of infants born at lower gestation to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of caffeine compared to theophylline treatment with respect to clinically important outcomes including safety and longterm effects on neurodevelopmental outcome.
	www.nichd.nih.gov /cochraneneonatal/Steer/Steer.HTM (2764 words)

	Theophylline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Theophylline is used to help treat and control asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema.
		If you are taking long-acting theophylline take your missed dose only if there are more than six hours left until your next dose.
		Tell every doctor or dentist who treats you or is planning surgery that you are taking theophylline.
	um-jmh.org /chapter.cfm?id=8847 (558 words)

	Efficacy of IV Theophylline in Children With Severe Status Asthmaticus -- Ream et al. 119 (5): 1480 -- Chest
		The theophylline group was also administered infusions of IV theophylline to achieve serum concentrations of 12 to 17 µg/mL.
		Infusion of premixed theophylline in 5% dextrose (Abbott
		Vassallo, R, Lipsky, JJ (1998) Theophylline: recent advances in the understanding of its mode of action and uses in clinical practice.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/119/5/1480 (3988 words)

	Theodur (Theophylline) drug description - prescription drugs and medications at RxList
		Slo-Phyllin 80 mg Syrup (theophylline, anhydrous) is a nonalcoholic, sugar-free solution containing per 15 ml theophylline, anhydrous, USP 80 mg with sodium benzoate, NF, 18 mg and methylparaben, NF 3 mg added as preservatives.
		Theophylline is a bronchodilator structurally classified as a xanthine derivative.
		The theophylline has been microencapsulated in a proprietary coating of polymers to mask the bitter taste associated with the drug while providing a prolonged effect.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic/theosr.htm (368 words)

	Long-Acting Theophylline or Albuterol?
		The remaining 43 patients underwent titration to achieve a morning serum theophylline level in the 12-18 mcg/ml range.
		The incidence of reported side effects was 40.9 percent with once daily theophylline and 37.3 percent with twice daily albuterol.
		Chervinsky found that once daily theophylline led to improvement in pulmonary function beyond the first two weeks of treatment.
	www.meds.com /conrad/aai/cherv.html (432 words)

	Systemic Theophylline Augments the Blood Oxygen Level--Dependent Response to Forepaw Stimulation in Rats -- Morton et ...
		Theophylline effect on the BOLD fMRI response to left forepaw electrical stimulation.
		Theophylline effect on the BOLD fMRI response to forepaw electrical stimulation.
		Role of adenosine in regulation of cerebral blood flow: effects of theophylline during normoxia and hypoxia.
	www.ajnr.org /cgi/content/full/23/4/588 (3609 words)

	eMedicine - Toxicity, Theophylline : Article by Greg Hymel, MD
		Theophylline is 60% protein bound and has a distribution volume of 0.5 L/kg.
		Theophylline is eliminated by the hepatic cytochrome P-450 system (85-90%) and by urinary excretion (10-15%).
		Of the 585 theophylline exposures treated in health care facilities, 39 were reported to have major adverse outcomes and 8 fatalities were noted.
	www.emedicine.com /EMERG/topic577.htm (2743 words)

	Theophylline
		We believe that safe and effective use of medications for this disorder is possible only when they are available by prescription and therefore monitored by a responsible physician.
		We contend that patients who purchase over-the-counter theophylline or adrenergic drugs such as epinephrine or ephedrine are less likely to use optimal pharmacologic treatment than if the medication had been prescribed by a physician and they may also be less likely to recognize adverse effects which can be caused by these drugs.
		Patients purchasing theophylline without prescription may be unaware of the need to keep blood theophylline levels in the therapeutic range for achievement of optimal symptom control.
	www.csaci.medical.org /theophylline.htm (420 words)

	aminophylline (theophylline ethylenediamine) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Acute therapy: For acute symptoms requiring rapid theophyllinization in patients not receiving theophylline, a loading dose is required.
		For acute symptoms requiring rapid theophyllinization in patients receiving theophylline: a loading dose is required.
		Ideally, defer loading dose until serum theophylline determination is made; otherwise, base loading dose on clinical judgment and the knowledge that 3.2 mg/kg aminophylline will increase serum theophylline levels by about 5 mcg/mL and is unlikely to cause dangerous adverse effects if the patient is not experiencing theophylline toxicity before this dose.
	wellcaremc.com /drugs/mg/aminophylline.htm (1259 words)

	CHEST: Low-Dose Theophylline Effective as Monotherapy in Corticosteroid Naïve Asthmatics
		He noted that theophylline is "a very old drug with a bad profile." The agent is associated with a number of side-effects including "tremor, nervousness and nausea.
		The study enrolled 489 patients who were randomized to a 6-month course of theophylline 300 mg/day, montelukast (Singulair) 10 mg/day or placebo.
		The asthma exacerbation rate was lower with both low dose theophylline (6.3, 95% CI: 4.8, 8.4) and montelukast (6.2, 95% CI: 4.7, 8.1.) compared to placebo (7.7 95% CI: 5.9, 10.0).
	www.docguide.com /dg.nsf/c199ac7acbf21b1b852565f30052a091/9c711b3cf54c256985256dcf0066aa63?OpenDocument (727 words)

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