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Topic: Theories of New Imperialism

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	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The term "New Imperialism" refers to an era of imperial colonial expansion which was adopted, by a number of nations, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries; approximately from the end of the Franco-Prussian War to the beginning of World War I (c.
		The term imperialism was used from the third quarter of the 19th Century to describe political control, by a greater power, over less powerful territories or nationalities, although analytically the phenomena which it denotes may differ greatly from each other and from the "New" imperialism.
		Britain's adoption of the New Imperialism may be seen as a quest for captive markets or fields for investment of surplus capital, or as a primarily strategic or pre-emptive attempt to protect existing trade links and to prevent the absorption of overseas markets into the increasingly closed imperial trading blocs of rival powers.
	www.online-encyclopedia.info /encyclopedia/n/ne/new_imperialism.html (3701 words)

	Imperialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Imperialism is a policy of extending control or authority over foreign entities as a means of acquisition and/or maintenance of empires, either through direct territorial conquest or through indirect methods of exerting control on the politics and/or economy of other countries.
		Imperialism draws heavy criticism on the grounds that it is a form of economic exploitation in which the imperialist power makes use of other countries as sources of raw materials and cheap labor, shaping their economies to suit its own interests and keeping their people in poverty.
		Imperialism thus consists not necessarily in the direct control of one country by another, but in the economic exploitation of one region by another, or of a group by another.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Imperialism (1599 words)

	Encyclopedia: New Imperialism
		The term "New Imperialism" refers to the policy and ideology of imperial colonial expansion adopted by Europe's powers and later the United States and Japan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries; approximately from the Franco-Prussian War to World War I (c.
		The period is distinguished by an unprecedented pursuit of what has been termed "empire for empire's sake," aggressive competition for overseas territorial acquisitions and the emergence in colonizing countries of doctrines of racial superiority which denied the fitness of subjugated peoples for self-government.
		The expansions of the New Imperialism took place against a background of increasing competition (over resources, strategic power, and prestige) between the industrialized nations.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/New-Imperialism (8527 words)

	New Imperialism - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		3 Causes of the rise of New Imperialism and the breakdown of the informal colonialism of Pax Britanica
		Causes of the rise of New Imperialism and the breakdown of the informal colonialism of Pax Britanica
		Imperialism for the United States, however, marked by the reaffirmation of the Monroe Doctrine (formalized by the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine in 1904[?]), would also herald the trend of the United States replacing Britain as the predominant "investor" in Latin America—a process largely completed by the end of the Great War.
	openproxy.ath.cx /ne/New_Imperialism.html (6416 words)

	Theories of Imperialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Imperialism is simply a manifestation of the balance of power and is the process by which nations try to achieve a favorable change in the status quo.
		The purpose of imperialism is to decrease the strategic and political vulnerability of a nation.
		Imperialism is objectless expansion, a pattern simply learned from the behavior of other nations and institutionalized into the domestic political processes of a state by a "warrior" class.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/pol116/imperial.htm (363 words)

	New Imperialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term imperialism was used from the third quarter of the nineteenth century to describe various forms of political control by a greater power over less powerful territories or nationalities, although analytically the phenomena which it denotes may differ greatly from each other and from the "New" imperialism.
		A later usage developed in the early twentieth century among Marxists, who saw "imperialism" as the economic and political dominance of "monopolistic finance capital" in the most advanced countries and its acquisition — and enforcement through the state — of control of the means (and hence the returns) of production in less developed regions.
		Britain's 1882 formal occupation of Egypt (itself triggered by concern over the Suez Canal) contributed to a preoccupation over securing control of Nile valley, leading to the conquest of the neighboring Sudan in 1896-98 and confrontation with a French military expedition at Fashoda (September 1898).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/New_Imperialism (3432 words)

	Theories of New Imperialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		First, this observation might detract from the pro-imperialist arguments of Léopold II, Francesco Crispi, and Jules Ferry, but Hobson argued against imperialism from a slightly different standpoint.
		Joseph Chamberlain thus argued that formal imperialism was necessary for Britain because of the relative decline of the British share of the world's export trade and the quick rise of German, American, and French economic competition.
		Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism by V.I. Lenin
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Theories_of_New_Imperialism (854 words)

	Scramble for Africa - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		It is the canonical example of the New Imperialism.
		The Berlin Conference regulated the imperial competition between Britain, France and Germany, defining "effective occupation" as the criterion for international recognition of colonial claims and codifying the imposition of direct rule, accomplished usually through armed force.
		Another inducement to imperialism, of course, arose from the demand for raw materials unavailable in Europe, especially copper, cotton, rubber, tea, and tin, to which European consumers had grown accustomed and upon which European industry had grown dependent.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Scramble_for_Africa (2214 words)

	ipedia.com: New Imperialism Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A later usage developed in the early twentieth century among Marxists, who saw "imperialism" as the economic and political dominance of "monopolistic finance capital" in the most advanced countries and its acquisition– and enforcement through the state– of control of the means (and hence the returns) of production in less developed regions.
		Before the era of the New Imperialism, Britain was the world's first and only major industrialized power; and British hegemony (Pax Britannica) was largely unchallenged.
		Though industrialists, financiers, and imperialist statesmen in the great powers often used economic arguments to explain the necessity for colonial expansion, the New Imperialism (1870-1914) had support from a broad array of groups, including colonial administrators, missionaries, atavistic military elites, and elements of the landed aristocracies.
	www.ipedia.com /new_imperialism.html (3939 words)

	The New Imperialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In the backward colonial peoples, argued Lenin, capitalism had found a new proletariat to exploit; and from the enhanced profits of such imperialism it was able to bribe at least the "aristocracy of labor" at home into renouncing its revolutionary fervor and collaborating with the bourgeoisie.
		Nor, of course, could it be a general explanation of imperialism, which had existed centuries before there was a "glut of capital" and before finance capital was as plentiful or as well organized as it was in the later nineteenth century.
		The beneficiaries of imperialism were not always the initiators of it; and although King Leopold, Cecil Rhodes, and many of the other empire builders amassed great personal fortunes and powers, so too did many who merely stepped in later to reap the rewards of high administrative offices and rich concessions for trading and investment.
	mars.acnet.wnec.edu /~grempel/courses/wc2/lectures/imperialism.html (3753 words)

	New Imperialism biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The term "New Imperialism" refers to the policy and ideology of imperial colonial expansion adopted by Europe's powers and later the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries; approximately from the Franco-Prussian War to World War I (c.
		Britain's adoption of thee New Imperialism may be seen as a quest for captive markets or fields for investment of surplus capital, or as a primarily strategic or pre-emptive attempt to protect existing trade links and to prevent the absorption of overseas markets into the increasingly closed imperial trading blocs of rival powers.
		As in Asia, imperial rule in Africa utilized divisions within African society and between ethnic and cultural groups to maintain control.
	new-imperialism.biography.ms (3458 words)

	New Socialist Group: Understanding Imperialism: Then and Now (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		And while suggesting that military rivalries between the dominant powers will be less acute than during the first half of the 20th century, her argument also clarifies some of the unique features of the doctrines of war and military power characteristic of the US state in the age of globalization.
		In addition, their perspective has played close attention to specific institutional forms of the new imperialism, charting the crucial role of the US Federal reserve in particular as the institution that both oversees the financial architecture of the system and preserves the hegemony of the dollar as world money.
		In providing an account of new forms of international capitalist competition today, Wood’s focus on property rights and market power, not territorial conquest, as central to the new imperialism remains vital, as is Harvey’s distinction between the two logics of empire.
	www.newsocialist.org /index.php?id=397 (3615 words)

	The new liberal imperialism by Robert Cooper
		Cooper's call for a new liberal imperialism and admission of the need for double standards in foreign policy have outraged the left but the essay offers a rare and candid unofficial insight into the thinking behind British strategy on Afghanistan, Iraq and beyond.
		Imperialism in the traditional sense is dead, at least among the Western powers.
		Empire and imperialism are words that have become a form of abuse in the postmodern world.
	www.williambowles.info /sa/robert-cooper.html (3046 words)

	AFRICA. Free term papers for college, book reports and research papers. Welcome to Smart Essay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		For example, unlike "new imperialism" early European expansion focused on establishing trading posts in different countries, instead of actually taking over the land and adding empires like later imperialism.
		With new scientific technology such as the steam engine, and railroads Europeans were able to move faster and more efficient across the continent.
		Also, the theory of the three G's, Gold, God, and Glory motivated society to believe "new imperialism" was a good idea.
	www.smartessay.com /essay/000828.html (1789 words)

	Imperialism_in_Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The transition to formal imperialism, characterized by Queen Victoria being crowned "Empress of India" in the 1870s was a gradual process.
		After the 1850s French imperialism was initially impelled by a nationalistic need to rival Britain and was supported intellectually by the concept of the superiority of French culture and France's special "mission civilisatrice"—the civilizing of the native through assimilation to French culture.
		British imperialism in 19th century China was also fostered by the mistaken notion that China was a natural market for British manufactured goods (chiefly textiles), and that Chinese disinterest in foreign manufactured goods was only due to excessive government trade restrictions.
	www.comicscomics.com /search.php?title=Imperialism_in_Asia (4044 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Imperialism (Ann Arbor Paperbacks) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The fact that self-described socialists and lassez-faire dogmatics alike, in 1902, regarded "imperialism" as a means to their rival ends, shows that this was not merely a right-left debate, and Hobson attacks the idea of solving the problems of capitalist societies by making war on other nations.
		The effects of imperialism on the rest of the human race are spelled out with precision and clarity, as is his nuanced analysis of why it is doomed to fail.
		Hobson was a pioneer of the underconsumptionist theories, theories later advanced by Keynes, Samuelson, and Tobin.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0472061038?v=glance (750 words)

	Imperialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In the west, efforts as diverse as the building of a transcontinental train line, federal support for capital enterprises and a federal subsidization of land settlement all served to bring western territorial areas within the influence of eastern economic and political institutions.
		And as, keen-eyed, we gaze into the coming years, duties, new and old, rise thick and fast to confront us from within and withoutA great work lies already to the hand of this generation; it should count itself happy, indeed, that to it is given the privilege of doing such a work” (Black, p.
		The “imperialism of righteousness” had a tremendous popular appeal and the religious press of the country, with few exceptions, came out forthrightly in favor of expansion on the ground of duty and responsibility.
	www.spanamwar.com /imperialism.htm (2542 words)

	Imperialism
		John Hobson on Imperialism, 1902 Here you can find an excerpt from the writings of John Hobson, a famous British economist, who argued that low wages for 19th century European workers guaranteed domestic under consumption of goods and justified imperial conquest in order to guarantee markets.
		Theories of Imperialism Nice capsule summaries of conservative, liberal, Marxist, and social-psychological theories of imperialism.
		Imperial Airways: An interesting, and imaginative look at how the Empire was held together by the Airline in the early 20th century.
	www.casahistoria.net /imperialism.htm (2582 words)

	Daimnation!
		A new UN report confirms what we all suspected: that the Syrians, with the assistance of their Lebanese puppets, murdered former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri.
		Some good news from devastated Kashmir: the Pakistani government acknowledges all the help they've recieved from India, and says relations between the two countries - who were on the verge of war just three years ago - have been strengthened.
		The bad news: in areas where the Pakistani government was slow to send in relief workers, Islamofascist terror groups have rushed in to fill the void.
	www.damianpenny.com (10801 words)

	ARTicles: John -- New Encyclopedia Gives Cool-Hunters a Road Map for Ads
		Michael Schudson suggests that attacks on modern consumer culture are misguided, that "there is dignity and rationality in people's desires for material goods." And Colin Campbell argues that the impact of advertising is not due to the creation of artificial needs but to an imaginative attentiveness to human possibilities.
		In the 1930's the editor of a new magazine, Ballyhoo, was disgusted, as he put it, by "rump-kissing advertising agents," and "rump-kissing magazines"; so his monthly specialized in parodying advertising, turning, for example, the u in "Lux" soap into an o.
		The recent wave of academic hostility is more political, and it, too, is represented in the encyclopedia in entries on "Cultural Imperialism," and "Culture of Consumption," which outline theories about how advertising overwhelms traditional cultures and enshrines capitalist values.
	www.16beavergroup.org /mtarchive/archives/000335.php (1419 words)

	BERNARD, SAINT - Online Information article about BERNARD, SAINT
		Greco-Latin Eastern Church the necessary order, morality and subordination; to defend it against the greed and violence of the nobles and barons who had founded the Latin Empire; and to compel the leaders of the new empire to submit to the apostolic power and execute its commands.
		race, he was often able to utilize this new and pervading force for the realization of his own designs, although he endeavoured from time to time, but without enduring success, to shake off the overwhelming yoke of the French.
		island of Sicily arrested the progress of French imperialism, ruined the vast projects of Charles of Anjou, and liberated the papacy in its own despite from a subjection that perverted and shook its power.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /BEC_BER/BERNARD_SAINT.html (5275 words)

	The Scramble for Africa and the New Imperialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Scramble for Africa and the New Imperialism
		III THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA AND THEORIES OF IMPERIALISM
		Britain's Imperial Century: A Study of Empire and Expansion.
	hist.ucalgary.ca /courses/W2001/205L02LN5.htm (886 words)

	IMPERIALISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Imperialism occurs when a strong nation takes over a weaker nation or region and dominates its economic, political, or cultural life.
		A chronology of European imperialism from 1800-1925, from North Park University.
		A substantial outline of the New Imperialism, from a professor at William Paterson University.
	www.aldridgeshs.qld.edu.au /sose/modrespg/imperial/titlepg.htm (391 words)

	Imperialisms, Ancient and Modern
		Every period of history has witnessed the military, cultural, and economic subjugation of one people by another — the creation of "empire".
		The modern world has characterized the phenomenon as "imperialism," a term of such wide application as to be in danger of losing objective content.
		This course will investigate the different "imperialisms" of the ancient, medieval, and modern world, seeking to delineate characteristics, identify cultural and intellectual underpinnings, and distinguish the multi-varied forms in which one culture has sought to impose itself, directly or indirectly, upon another.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism (772 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Encyclopedia : N : NE : NEW : New Imperialism
		[Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism by V.I. Lenin];
		[Marxism and The New Imperialism by Alex Callinicos, John Rees, Chris Harman, and Mike Haynes]
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=New_Imperialism (3560 words)

	"Anti-Imperialism"
		form of national renewal-led to a rush for new lands to control in the 1890s and set the stage for new levels of imperialism in the next century.
		because it was announcing a different form of imperialism, based on equal access to the markets and investment houses of other lands, rather than administrative control and military occupation.
		Imperialism at Bay: The United States and the Decolonization of the British Empire, 1941-1945.
	vi.uh.edu /pages/buzzmat/antiimp.html (7568 words)

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