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Topic: Theory Y

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	Douglas McGregor. Theory X Theory Y employee motivation theory
		Theory X managers do not give their staff this opportunity so that the employees behave in the expected fashion.
		Theory Y is difficult to put into practice on the shop floor in large mass production operations, but it can be used initially in the managing of managers and professionals.
		The situation in which employees can be consulted is one where the individuals are emotionally mature, and positively motivated towards their work; where the work is sufficiently responsible to allow for flexibility and where the employee can see her or his own position in the management hierarchy.
	www.accel-team.com /human_relations/hrels_03_mcgregor.html (652 words)

	Theory X and Theory Y - CONCEPTUALIZATION, EFFECT ON MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS, CRITICISM OF THEORY Y
		Theory Y denotes a positive view of human nature and assumes individuals are generally industrious, creative, and able to assume responsibility and exercise self-control in their jobs.
		Theory Y also assumes that the ability to be innovative and creative exists among a large, rather than a small segment of the population.
		Theory X and Theory Y are often studied as a prelude to developing greater understanding of more recent management concepts, such as job enrichment, the job-characteristics model, and self-managed work teams.
	www.referenceforbusiness.com /management/Str-Ti/Theory-X-and-Theory-Y.html (1992 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Theory X and theory Y
		Theory X and Theory Y are theories of human motivation created and developed by Douglas McGregor at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the 1960s that have been used in human resource management, organizational behavior, and organizational development.
		Theory Y denotes a positive view of human nature and assumes individuals are generally industrious, creative, and able to assume responsibility and exercise self-control in their jobs.
		Theory Y also assumes that the ability to be innovative and creative exists among a large, rather than a small segment of the population.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Theory-X-and-theory-Y (1348 words)

	Theory X and theory Y - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Theory X and Theory Y are theories of human motivation developed by Douglas McGregor at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the 1960s that have been used in human resource management, organizational behavior, and organizational development.
		A Theory X manager believes that his or her employees do not really want to work, that they would rather avoid responsibility and that it is the manager's job to structure the work and energize the employee.
		Theory X and Theory Y are still important terms in the field of management and motivation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Theory_X_and_theory_Y (766 words)

	Y Theory
		Theory X and theory Y are referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation and Mcgregor's XY Theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques.
		Theory Z essentially advocates a combination of all that's best about Mcgregor's XY theory and modern Japanese management, which places a large amount of freedom and trust with workers, and assumes that workers have a strong loyalty and interest in team-working and the organisation.
		Theory Z also places more reliance on the attitude and responsibilities of the workers, whereas Mcgregor's XY theory is mainly focused on management and motivation from the manager's and organisation's perspective.
	sociologyindex.com /y_theory.htm (450 words)

	MENAFN - Middle East North Africa . Financial Network News: Theory X, Y and Z (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Theory X and theory Y describe two opposite approaches managers use with their subordinates based on different convictions and attitudes towards workers.
		Theory X managers believe that subordinates prefer to work as little as possible and must be coerced, preferring to be directed rather than to take responsibility.
		Theory Y managers believe in employees and feel that they are capable of finding creative solutions to organisational problems if given the chance to do so.
	www.menafn.com /qn_news_story_s.asp?StoryId=131192 (598 words)

	xyz
		McGregor, with his "Theory X" and "Theory Y", and Ouchi, with the notion of a "Theory Z", both look at the attitudes of managers and workers with very similar, as well as contrasting views of how workers are perceived by management, and how workers perceive their role in the company.
		Theory Y workers are comfortable in a working environment which allows creativity and the opportunity to become personally involved in organisational planning (Bittel).
		Theory X workers, on the other hand, seem to have just enough self motivation to show up at work, punch the time clock, as it were, and do only that which is necessary to get the job done to minimum standards.
	members.tripod.com /PeterVenn/brochure/complete/xyz.htm (2428 words)

	Leadership motivation and Douglas McGregor's X and Y theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A Theory X manager believes that his or her employees do not really want to work, that they would rather avoid responsibility and that it is the manager's job to structure the work and energize the employee.
		Theory Y is the opposite of abdication, giving staff license to interpret and implement organizational objectives themselves.
		It has been thought that Theory Y is just a rehash of Theory X with a few allowances to human emotions with the ultimate aim of improving motivation and encouraging higher performance.
	www.leadership-basics.com /leadership-motivation-X-andY-theory79.shtml (1219 words)

	Business - Motivation Theory X
		Theory Y approach (basic assumption is that staff will contribute more to the organization if they are treated as responsible and valued employees) was utilize with great success through out our department.
		Theory Y basic assumption is that staff will contribute more to the organization if they are treated as responsible and valued employees.
		Theory Y Assumptions The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest.
	essay.studyarea.com /Old_Essay/Business/motivation_theory_x.htm (3808 words)

	Theory X and Theory Y Religion
		Theory X belief systems promote a culture of purity that prides itself on being superior over the impure, which is often anyone not a part of the organized belief system.
		Theory Y believes truth is more important than our beliefs, concepts and conditioning and that truth has to be sought objectively and rationally.
		Theory Y is so optimistic as to believe that in accordance with the freedom God gave us, each individual is free to choose how they conceptualize and believe in a Supreme Being.
	www.opednews.com /articles/opedne_richard__060517_theory_x_and_theory_.htm (1046 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Theory X and theory Y (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		And this is really the essence of managing upwards X theory managers - focus and get agreement on the results and deadlines - if you consistently deliver, you'll increasingly be given more leeway on how you go about the tasks, which amounts to more freedom.
		Be aware also that many X theory managers are forced to be X theory by the short-term demands of the organisation and their own superiors - an X theory manager is usually someone with their own problems, so try not to give them any more.
		However Theory X and Theory Y are still important terms in the field of management and motivation.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Theory_X_and_theory_Y (949 words)

	douglas mcgregor's motivational theory x theory y
		Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, Mcgregor's X-Y Theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques.
		Theory X managers generally don't understand or have an interest in the human issues, so don't try to appeal to their sense of humanity or morality.
		Theory Z is often referred to as the 'Japanese' management style, which is essentially what it is. It's interesting that Ouchi chose to name his model 'Theory Z', which apart from anything else tends to give the impression that it's a Mcgregor idea.
	www.businessballs.com /mcgregor.htm (1205 words)

	Untitled Document
		Theory Y further assumes that in many work environments the broad range of worker talents is incompletely utilized.
		Theory X assumptions are more appropriate when successful completion of the work is crucial to the work of others, when the time deadline for completing the work is inflexible, and when the work itself is essential to the objectives of the organization.
		Theory X assumptions may be more appropriate if the persons performing the work are unskilled or inexperienced, have little training are new to the work setting or refuse to accept responsibility.
	www.pharmacy.wsu.edu /courses/PharP581/r14_b.htm (1416 words)

	Theory X and Theory Y
		Both of these theories begin with the premise that management's role is to assemble the factors of production, including people, for the economic benefit of the firm.
		Under Theory X the firm relies on money and benefits to satisfy employees' lower needs, and once those needs are satisfied the source of motivation is lost.
		McGregor recognized that some people may not have reached the level of maturity assumed by Theory Y and therefore may need tighter controls that can be relaxed as the employee develops.
	www.netmba.com /mgmt/ob/motivation/mcgregor (760 words)

	Theory X and Theory Y (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Theory X - With Theory X assumptions, management's role is to coerce and control employees.
		Theory Y - With Theory Y assumptions, management's role is to develop the potential in employees and help them to release that potential towards common goals.
		His book The Human Side of Enterprise (1960) had a profound influence on the management field, largely due to his Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor's work is based upon Maslow's hierarchy of needs, in that he grouped the hierarchy into "lower order" (Theory X) needs and "higher order" (Theory Y) needs.
	www.nwlink.com /~donclark/hrd/history/xy.html (431 words)

	Free Essay McGregor’s Theory Y
		Theory Y assumes fundamentally that people want to be treated as mature adults, and not as juvenile individuals.
		Theory Y points to the possibility of lessening the emphasis on external forms of control to the degree that commitment to organizational objectives can be achieved.
		The assumptions of Theory Y do not deny the appropriateness of authority, but they do deny that it is appropriate for all purposes and under all circumstances.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=25595 (716 words)

	Theory X and Theory Y (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Theory Y implies a more self directed workforce that takes an interest in the goals of their organisation and integrates some of their own goals into these.
		Theory X assumes that people are relatively unambitious and their prime driving force is the desire for security.
		Theory X is perhaps visible in low paid or menial work but employees in those situations will move on in search of positions with Theory Y conditions if they are motivated.
	www.teambuilding.co.uk /theory_x_theory_y.html (494 words)

	Introduction
		Once a theory has been introduced in the manner just explained, and before it can be used, a sequence of theorems and definitions culminating in those which appear as the conclusions of the theory must be proved in the theory.
		The theory of equivalence classes is one of a family of easy but widely applicable results which represent various kinds of monadic relationships in terms of elementary relationships which are especially easy to work with (often because decision algorithms apply to them).
		Since all the occurrences of 'alph' on the right-hand side of this definition lie in the scope of constraints of the form 'y in x', this is a legal transfinite definition according to the rule stated earlier.
	www.settheory.com /intro.html (18848 words)

	Integral Theory
		JFKU Integral Studies Department in the School of Holistic Studies invites you to join the fall 2007 class of the world’s first accredited integral learning community launched in partnership with the Integral Institute.
		The MA in Integral Theory* is for the serious integral student wanting the most in-depth integral education available on the planet.
		It is designed to inspire, educate and prepare the next-generation of integrally informed scholar-practitioners.
	www.jfku.edu /integraltheory (157 words)

	Free Essay Motivational Theory and Plan Outline
		•Theory x and Theory y- these two theories are based on a negative (theory x) and a positive (theory y) belief in humans.
		Theory y says that people believe work to be a natural part of life like eating or sleeping.
		•Expectancy Theory- this theory states that the strength of the tendency to act is dependent upon the strength of the expectation that the act will result in a desired outcome in relation to the attractiveness of the individual.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=26963 (1928 words)

	Curious Cat Management Encyclopedia, Glossary, Dictionary - Definitions of Management Terms: Theory X, Theory Z and ...
		Theory Y managers role is to lead a group of people who want to do a good job.
		Theory Z - from the 1981 book by William Ouchi "Theory Z: How American management can Meet the Japanese Challenge." Not really related to Theory X and Theory Y. Basically the book examined what management concepts Japan had used to succeed and how those concepts could be applied in America.
		Theory Z examines how workers contribute (Theory X and Y talk about workers only from the perspective on how to manage them) and proposes that workers naturally wish to cooperate and are loyal to the organization.
	www.curiouscat.com /management/theoryxy.cfm (367 words)

	Theory X and Theory Y
		Theory X assumes most people are basically immature, need direction and control, and are incapable of taking responsibility.
		Theory Y is the opposite of Theory X - people want to fulfill themselves: seek self-respect, self-development and self-fulfillment at work as in life in general.
		Six `basic assumptions' for Theory Y: Work is as natural as play or rest: the average human being does not inherently dislike work: whether work is a source of pleasure or a punishment (to be avoided) depends on nature of the work and its management.
	www.andrews.edu /~jimjeff/EDAD570/TheoryX.htm (1271 words)

	Curious Cat Management Encyclopedia, Glossary, Dictionary - Definitions of Management Terms: Theory X, Theory Z and ...
		Theory Y managers role is to lead a group of people who want to do a good job.
		Theory Z - from the 1981 book by William Ouchi "Theory Z: How American management can Meet the Japanese Challenge." Not really related to Theory X and Theory Y. Basically the book examined what management concepts Japan had used to succeed and how those concepts could be applied in America.
		Theory Z examines how workers contribute (Theory X and Y talk about workers only from the perspective on how to manage them) and proposes that workers naturally wish to cooperate and are loyal to the organization.
	curiouscat.com /management/theoryxy.cfm (367 words)

	identity theory \| a literary website
		identity theory: literature, film, music, art, social justice
		identity theory is a regularly published, web-based magazine of literature and culture.
		Identity Theory is an online magazine that publishes author interviews, music interviews, original fiction, nonfiction, poetry, book reviews, film reviews, a social justice blog, and whatever else seems like a good idea at the time.
	www.identitytheory.com (366 words)

	Douglas McGregor - Employee Motivation Theory X and Theory Y
		He referred to these opposing motivational theories as Theory X and Theory Y.
		Essentially, this theory assumes that the primary source of most employee motivation is monetary, with security as a strong second.
		However, McGregor asserts that neither approach is appropriate since the foundations of this theory are incorrect.
	www.envisionsoftware.com /articles/Theory_X.html (853 words)

	Work Motivation
		Organization theory is frequently described as an interdisciplinary study that examines the structure and functioning of organizations and the behavior of the people within organizations.
		Theory Y is the humanistic/self-actualization approach to human motivation.
		Theory Y is most likely to be used when management utilizes worker participation in organizational decisions.
	www.dushkin.com /connectext/psy/ch09/workmot.mhtml (477 words)

	People and Organisations - Motivation in Theory - McGregor - Theory X and Theory Y
		McGregor developed two theories of human behaviour at work: Theory and X and Theory Y. He did not imply that workers would be one type or the other.
		The management implications for Theory X workers were that, to achieve organisational objectives, a business would need to impose a management system of coercion, control and punishment.
		The challenge for management with Theory Y workers is to create a working environment (or culture) where workers can show and develop their creativity.
	www.tutor2u.net /business/people/motivation_theory_mcgregor.asp (567 words)

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