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Topic: Theory of cognitive development

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Jean Piaget

Developmental psychology

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	Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development@Everything2.com
		Piaget's theory of cognitive development is based on the assumption that people try to make sense of the world and actively create their knowledge through direct experience with objects, people and ideas.
		Prior to the work of psychologist Jean Piaget, the predominant view of cognitive development in children was based on the idea that children's mental processes are roughly the same as those of adults.
		Throughout his or her development, the child interprets new phenomena using existing schemas by assimilation, and changes existing schemas as a result of experience by the process of accommodation.
	www.everything2.com /index.pl?node_id=1247567 (1303 words)

	TIP: Theories
		A second aspect of Vygotsky's theory is the idea that the potential for cognitive development depends upon the "zone of proximal development" (ZPD): a level of development attained when children engage in social behavior.
		Vygotsky's theory is complementary to the work of Bandura on social learning and a key component of situated learning theory.
		Because Vygotsky's focus was on cognitive development, it is interesting to compare his views with those of Bruner and Piaget.
	tip.psychology.org /vygotsky.html (336 words)

	Funderstanding - Piaget
		Piaget's theory is based on the idea that the developing child builds cognitive structures--in other words, mental "maps," schemes, or networked concepts for understanding and responding to physical experiences within his or her environment.
		Piaget further attested that a child's cognitive structure increases in sophistication with development, moving from a few innate reflexes such as crying and sucking to highly complex mental activities.
		If the experience is a repeated one, it fits easily--or is assimilated--into the child's cognitive structure so that he or she maintains mental "equilibrium." If the experience is different or new, the child loses equilibrium, and alters his or her cognitive structure to accommodate the new conditions.
	www.funderstanding.com /piaget.cfm (385 words)

	Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
		His theory that a child's cognitive development passes through four stages, where later stages are founded upon earlier stages, forms the foundation of his (and others) research.
		Cognitive growth proceeds in this manner through all periods of development, the schema of the adult being built upon those of the child.
		This view of cognitive development is known as constructivism (See Section 14.4, this place 14.4).
	dbweb.liv.ac.uk /ltsnpsc/AB/AB-html/node18.html (368 words)

	Educational Psychology Interactive: Cognitive Development
		Citation: Huitt, W., and Hummel, J. Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
		This is somewhat similar to the distinctions made between Freud and Erikson in terms of the development of personality.
		There are two major aspects to his theory: the process of coming to know and the stages we move through as we gradually acquire this ability.
	chiron.valdosta.edu /whuitt/col/cogsys/piaget.html (1016 words)

	Cognitive Development - Overview Of Cognitive Development, Piaget's Theory Of Cognitive Development, Vygotsky's ...
		The work examining children's "theory of mind" is one example of how cognitive development research at the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century has moved away from experiments designed to test Piaget's theory.
		Another burgeoning area of research in cognitive development examines the influence of culture on cognition in order to test for the universality or uniqueness of development across cultures.
		Cognitive Development - Piaget's Theory Of Cognitive Development
	social.jrank.org /pages/145/Cognitive-Development.html (1992 words)

	Educational Psychology Interactive: Cognitive Development
		Citation: Huitt, W., and Hummel, J. Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
		This is somewhat similar to the distinctions made between Freud and Erikson in terms of the development of personality.
		There are two major aspects to his theory: the process of coming to know and the stages we move through as we gradually acquire this ability.
	teach.valdosta.edu /whuitt/col/cogsys/piaget.html (1016 words)

	Cognitive development Encyclopedia of Psychology - Find Articles
		Piaget's theory, first published in 1952, grew out of decades of extensive observation of children, including his own, in their natural environments as opposed to the laboratory experiments of the behaviorists.
		At the center of Piaget's theory is the principle that cognitive development occurs in a series of four distinct, universal stages, each characterized by increasingly sophisticated and abstract levels of thought.
		Researchers using information-processing theory to study cognitive development in children have focused on areas such as the gradual improvements in children's ability to take in information and focus selectively on certain parts of it and their increasing attention spans and capacity for memory storage.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2699/is_0004/ai_2699000417 (1051 words)

	HotBot Web Search for cognitive
		Cognitive Psychology is concerned with mental processes and their effects on human behavior and focuses on phenomena such as: sensation,...
		Cognitive skills are built up thorough a process of creating intellectual arrangement, which can be considered in analogy to the process of...
		Cognition is a diffuse term and is used in radically different ways by different disciplines.
	www.hotbot.com /index.php?prov=Inktomi&query=cognitive (230 words)

	SparkNotes: Cognition and Perception: Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
		Piaget's theory of development was based on his astute observations of young children in Geneva.
		Development over the rest of the life course, according to Piaget, is gradual and incremental.
		Over the course of development, the child goes through stages of equilibrium, during which the child's concept of the world is relatively stable and the focus is on assimilation, and stages of disequilibrium, during which the child's concept of the world is being challenges by new experiences and the emphasis is on accommodation.
	www.sparknotes.com /psychology/developmental/cognitionperception/section2.rhtml (915 words)

	Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development
		Theories of cognitive development seek to explain the quantitative and qualitative intellectual abilities that occur during development.
		Furthermore, developmental psychologists imply that cognitive development proceeds in a continuous fashion; they propose that such development is primarily quantitative, rather than qualitative.
		Piaget’s suggestion, that cognitive performance cannot be attained unless cognitive readiness is brought about by maturation and environmental stimuli, has been instrumental in determining the structure of educational curricula.
	mi.essortment.com /jeanpiagettheo_rnrn.htm (997 words)

	Cognitive Development
		His theory concerned the growth of intelligence, which for Piaget meant the ability to more accurately represent the world, and perform logical operations on representations of concepts grounded in the world.
		His theory is considered "constructivist," meaning that, unlike nativist theories (which describe cognitive development as the unfolding of innate knowledge and abilities) or empiricist theories (which describe cognitive development as the gradual acquisition of knowledge through experience), asserts that we construct our cognitive abilities through self-motivated action in the world.
		However, more recent cognitive developmentalists have been much influenced by trends in cognitive science away from domain generality and towards domain specificity or modularity of mind, under which different cognitive faculties may be largely independent of one another and thus develop according to quite different time-tables.
	www.accilifeskills.com /cognitive-development (1877 words)

	TIP: Theories
		Cognitive development consists of a constant effort to adapt to the environment in terms of assimilation and accommodation.
		While the stages of cognitive development identified by Piaget are associated with characteristic age spans, they vary for every individual.
		Cognitive development is facilitated by providing activities or situations that engage learners and require adaptation (i.e., assimilation and accomodation).
	tip.psychology.org /piaget.html (597 words)

	Student Development - The Basics \| University of Calgary
		Student Development theories focus on human growth and environmental influences and designs that provide environments to promote students' learning and maturation, both in and outside of class.
		According to the theory, students' progress through the first four vectors simultaneously during their first and second years and (generally) through the fourth vector during their second and third years (given a standard four-year program).
		William Perry's theory of cognitive development of students (1968) examines nine positions that trace the way in which students typically move from a simplistic, categorical view of the world to a realization of the contingent nature of knowledge, relative values, and the formation and affirmation of one's own commitments.
	www.ucalgary.ca /ose/studentdevelopmenttheory (1426 words)

	Understanding and Applying Cognitive Development Theory: New Directions for Student Services (J-B SS Single Issue ...
		The theories shed light on gender-related patterns of knowing and reasoning; interpersonal, cultural, and emotional influences on cognitive development; and people's methods of approaching complex issues and defending what they believe.
		Development in Kegan's theory involves redefinition of the subject-object distinction.
		In addition to the five theories, there is one chapter devoted to discussing the interpersonal, cultural and emotional influences on cognitive development, and a concluding chapter that attempts to synthesize the theories into a congruent framework and to provide advice on improving informal assessment of collegiate cognitive developmental level.
	www.xmlwriter.net /books/viewbook/Understanding_and_Applying_Cognitive_Development_Theory:_New_Directions_for_Student_Services_(J_B_SS_Single_Issue_Student_Services)-0787948705.html (779 words)

	Cognitive Constructivist Theory
		Piaget's theory has two major parts: an "ages and stages" (http://web.psych.ualberta.ca/~mike/Pearl_Street/Dictionary/contents/P/piaget's_stages.html) component that predicts what children can and cannot understand at different ages, and a theory of development that describes how children develop cognitive abilities.
		It is the theory of development that will be the focus here because it is the major foundation for cognitive constructivist approaches to teaching and learning.
		Piaget's theory of cognitive development proposes that humans cannot be "given" information which they immediately understand and use.
	viking.coe.uh.edu /~ichen/ebook/et-it/cognitiv.htm (919 words)

	Theory Main Page
		While the underlying theory of cognitive behavioral management is related to social learning theory, there are many theoretical constructs which concern us in delineating a full understanding of how it is used.
		Its development is monitored by the rigor with which each new proposition is analyzed in relationship to what already exists.
		With cognitive biases, the analogue of the ruler is not clear.
	www.cognitivebehavior.com /theory (1409 words)

	children and cognitive development - Books, journals, articles @ The Questia Online Library
		...contemporary theories of cognitive development is childrens goal-directed behavior...contemporary approaches to cognitive development, childrens goal- directed behavior...learning and memory in children: Progress in cognitive development research pp.
		Cognitive development in performance was found...The assessment of childrens cognitive development involves qualitative...education was crucial to cognitive development.
		...exposure does affect a childs cognitive development, but not motor development...found to be older, had more children, and were less likely to...can have a large effect on childrens mental development independent of cocaine or...
	www.questia.com /SM.qst?act=search&keywordsSearchType=1000&keywords=children-and-cognitive-development (1501 words)

	New theory on development could usurp Piagetian beliefs
		With the theory, researchers are attempting to replace Piaget?s theories, which have dominated the field of developmental psychology for the past 50 years, said developmental psychologist Susan Gelman, PhD, of the University of Michigan.
		By 18 months, however, the evidence that their theory might be wrong has built up enough that children begin to systematically explore situations in which their own desires conflict with another person?s.
		And although the theory may or may not replace Piagetian theory as the model for child development, it is very important to the field of developmental psychology, said Gelman.
	www.apa.org /monitor/jun97/learn.html (809 words)

	About the Cognitive Development Lab
		These studies are sponsored by the NICHD and specifically investigate the development of mathematics and memory skills and neural network models of strategy development and use.
		Laura enjoys working full-time in the Cognitive Development Lab and is gaining valuable research experience that will prepare her for a career in psychology.
		During her senior year, Carrie participated in the Psychology honors program where her project involved the development of speech and language in young children; she tested the role of positive feedback using a gating paradigm, a task that measures how much acoustic-phonetic input is needed to recognize a particular word.
	www.uab.edu /cogdev/bios.htm (3185 words)

	Motor and Cognitive Development in Psychology 101 at AllPsych Online
		During this stage, the development of language occurs at a rapid pace.
		Occurring between ages 7 and about 12, the third stage of cognitive development is marked by a gradual decrease in centristic thought and the increased ability to focus on more than one aspect of a stimulus.
		In the final stage of cognitive development (from age 12 and beyond), children begin to develop a more abstract view of the world.
	allpsych.com /psychology101/development.html (887 words)

	Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development: KidsDevelopment
		His theory on cognitive development, though, is perhaps the most widely accepted and most cited.
		While their understanding of the things that they have direct access to is strong, kids this age still have a tendency to lack understanding of things that they haven't personally seen, touched, heard, tasted, or smelled.
		In the final phase of cognitive development, children hold a much broader understanding of the world around them and are able to think in abstract ways.
	www.kidsdevelopment.co.uk /PiagetsCognitiveDevelopmentTheory.html (858 words)

	BJnet: Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
		Piaget bases his theory on his interests in biology and knowledge.
		A major factor in cognitive development is the process of equilibriation, or the self-regulation of knowledge that brings stability and coherence to one's concept of the world around them.
		Schemes are assimilated into the person's cognitive development through adaptation.
	www.geocities.com /Vienna/Strasse/4485/psyc270/piaget.html (95 words)

	Theory of cognitive development
		His theory provided many central concepts in the field of developmental psychology and concerned the growth of intelligence, which for Piaget, meant the ability to more accurately represent the world, and perform logical operations on representations of concepts grounded in the world.
		Kohlberg's stages of moral development Kohlberg's stages of moral development were conceived by Lawrence Kohlberg to explain the development of moral reasoning.
		Cognitive psychologists have discovered that baseball skills correlate with how a player sees the ball: Athletes who see the ball bigger than it is....
	www.sciencedaily.com /articles/t/theory_of_cognitive_development.htm (680 words)

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