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Topic: A Theory of Justice

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Justice as Fairness

Veil of ignorance

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	Amazon.co.uk: A Theory of Justice (Original Edition) (OIP): Books: J Rawls
		A Theory of Justice by John Rawls is one of the books by which our age will be remembered: perhaps the most important work of moral and political philosophy of the twentieth century, a classic to stand alongside Kant and Mill.
		However, even though opinions on Rawls' theory may diverge, it is certain that moral, political, and legal philosophers today agree that 'A Theory of Justice' is an all-important work.
		I do think John Rawls' theory of the veil of ignorance is a good one, it is a way of setting justice in a society.
	www.amazon.co.uk /gp/product/0674017722?tag=technically0b-21&link_code=sp1&camp=2025&dev-t=0T1Q3KQYBRP8TS6YAFR2 (0 words)

	Rawls Theory of Justice
		Named after the American philosopher John Rawls (1921-2002), Rawls theory of justice sees justice as fairness, and its intuitive idea is that the well-being of society depends on cooperation.
		It is based on the traditional theories of social contract as represented by English philosopher
		J Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Oxford, 1972)
	www.economyprofessor.com /economictheories/rawls-theory-of-justice.php (107 words)

	Constitutive theory (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The substance of a postmodern theory of justice is constituted with a complex algorithm informed by the concept of praxis.
		In religious societies, i.e., ecclesia, law and justice are given divine sanction...mere mortals cannot argue with either the law itself nor the interpretations of divine law made by a religious cadre arrogating that sanctity to their own interpretations.
		The point of an affirmative postmodern theory of justice is, non the less, an effort to avoid the costs of deep chaos while keeping the benefits of variety, uncertainty, change and renewal.
	www.critcrim.org /redfeather/journal-pomocrim/vol-1-intro/004constjustice.html (4438 words)

	20th WCP: Plato's Concept Of Justice: An Analysis
		After criticizing the conventional theories of justice presented differently by Cephalus, Polymarchus, Thrasymachus and Glaucon, Plato gives us his own theory of justice according to which, individually, justice is a 'human virtue' that makes a person self-consistent and good; socially, justice is a social consciousness that makes a society internally harmonious and good.
		Plato contended that justice is the quality of soul, in virtue of which men set aside the irrational desire to taste every pleasure and to get a selfish satisfaction out of every object and accommodated themselves to the discharge of a single function for the general benefit.
		Justice is an order and duty of the parts of the soul, it is to the soul as health is to the body.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Anci/AnciBhan.htm (2106 words)

	Economics and Economic Justice (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Distributive justice is often considered not to belong to the scope of economics, but there is actually an important literature in economics that addresses normative issues in social and economic justice.
		Although the development of the theory of inequality and poverty measurement is fairly recent, it makes sense to present it in first position, because it focuses on the simplest context of evaluation of social situations, namely, the context in which there is well-defined measure of individual situations, amenable to any kind of interpersonal comparisons.
		The theory of social choice, it is said, seeks a ranking of all options, while the theory of fair allocation focuses on the selection of a subset of allocations.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/economic-justice (11440 words)

	Center for Global Justice
		However, as the global justice school sees the matter, circumstances of application are external to the sense of equality rights and justice, saving thereby their character as moral universals.
		If there is justice associated with states or societies, it is only in the form of compromises to limit the excesses of the powerful on the pragmatic ground that otherwise governance or cohesion will give way to instability.
		In his 1984 discussion of global justice, Kai Nielsen denies that the assumption of equal respect – in his terms “moral equality” – is adequate for underpinning distributive justice.
	www.globaljusticecenter.org /papers2006/fiskENG.htm (4539 words)

	In Pursuit of Paradigm: A Theory of Restorative Justice
		Restorative justice is a new way of looking at criminal justice that focuses on repairing the harm done to people and relationships rather than on punishing offenders.
		In this paper, we propose a conceptual theory of restorative justice so that social scientists may test these theoretical concepts and their validity in explaining and predicting the effects of restorative justice practices.
		Restorative justice is a collaborative process involving those most directly affected by a crime, called the “primary stakeholders,” in determining how best to repair the harm caused by the offense.
	www.realjustice.org /library/paradigm.html (1636 words)

	A theory of justice by John Rawls \| LibraryThing
		A theory of justice by John Rawls
		Justice as fairness : a restatement by John Rawls
		Spheres of justice : a defense of pluralism and equality by Michael Walzer
	www.librarything.com /work/1872 (0 words)

	Amazon.com: A Theory of Justice: Books: John Rawls (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He calls his theory "justice as fairness." It is not that he thinks justice is simply fairness, or that a just society is a fair one.
		Rather, people choose principles of justice in a position that is supposed to be fair; their choices in this fair position determine the correct principles of justice.
		They will be understood by people who accept them as principles telling them how their society should be structured with respect to how it provides people with their basic rights and liberties, how it determines people's opportunities in life, and how it structures the institutions in which people acquire wealth and income.
	www.amazon.com /Theory-Justice-John-Rawls/dp/0674000781 (3095 words)

	Rawls' Mature Theory of Social Justice: A Introduction for Students
		Rawls' theory provides a framework that explains the significance, in a society assumed to consist of free and equal persons, of political and personal liberties, of equal opportunity, and cooperative arrangements that benefit the more and the less advantaged members of society.
		A sense of justice is "the capacity to understand, to apply, and to act from the public conception of justice which characterizes the fair terms of cooperation." This sense expresses "a willingness...to act in relation to others on terms that they also can publicly endorse" (ibid.).
		The guarantee of fair value for the political liberties is one way in which justice as fairness [Rawls' theory of justice] tries to meet the objection that the basic liberties are merely formal.
	www.wku.edu /~jan.garrett/ethics/matrawls.htm (3990 words)

	Ever since the publication of A Theory of Justice, John Rawls has been modifying his conception of justice as fairness. ...
		In Theory, Rawls had conceived of his principles of justice as an alternative systematic conception that was superior to utilitarianism.
		What Rawls came to realize is that the failure of Theory was that it did not distinguish between two very different kinds of moral conceptions: that of a comprehensive moral theory which addressed the problem of justice, and that of a political conception of justice that was independent of any comprehensive theory.
		Rawls sees that one objection to his theory is that it appears to be a consensus based on self-interest rather than on the principles of justice.
	caae.phil.cmu.edu /Cavalier/Forum/meta/background/Rawls_pl.html (1722 words)

	Abstract: An Objectivist Theory of Justice (Tom Porter)
		He benefits or suffers, by justice as by his own hand, to whatever extent his actions are productive or destructive, guided by knowledge or by error instead.
		The reasonableness standard is purely majoritarian; justice never is. And the reasonableness standard must fail to deter or redress fully half of all preventable accidents: The defendant is liable if he acts with less than average foresight and prudence.
		The major premise of the theory of strict liability is that, prima facie, he should not be allowed to help himself by taking or destroying the plaintiff's person or property.
	www.aynrandstheofknowledge.com /errata/justice.html (6021 words)

	Amazon.com: A Theory of Justice: Revised Edition (Belknap): Books: John Rawls (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Surely, A Theory of Justice is among the most important and influential texts in contemporary philosophy.
		Rawls's theory is a theory of justice as it applies to the basic institutions of a single society.
		The principles of justice determine the nature of a just society; they apply to the basic structure of society--to its fundamental institutions.
	www.amazon.com /Theory-Justice-Revised-Belknap/dp/0674000773 (3288 words)

	Ethics Updates - Justice Theory
		Justice, Justice, Shalt Thou Pursue." The New Republic (1999)
		The literature on race and justice is extensive.
		On international justice, see Robin Attfield and Barry Wilkins, eds., International Justice and the Third World (New York: Routledge, 1992); On international economic justice, see Amaryta Sen, On Ethics and Economics (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1989) and Inequality Reexamined (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995) and, most recently, Development as Freedom (Garden City: Anchor Books, 2000).
	ethics.sandiego.edu /theories/Justice (0 words)

	Harvard University Press: A Theory of Justice by John Rawls
		Harvard University Press: A Theory of Justice by John Rawls
		Since it appeared in 1971, John Rawls's A Theory of Justice has become a classic.
		"Each person," writes Rawls, "possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override." Advancing the ideas of Rousseau, Kant, Emerson, and Lincoln, Rawls's theory is as powerful today as it was when first published.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/RAWTHR.html (190 words)

	Mano Singham's Web Journal: A Theory of Justice
		The book is A Theory of Justice by John Rawls, in which the author tries to outline what it would take to create a system that would meet the criteria of justice as fairness.
		Right now what we have is â€˜victorâ€™s justiceâ€™, where the people who have all the power and privilege get to decide how society should be run, and their own role in it, and it should not surprise us that they see a just society as one that gives them a disproportionate share of the benefits.
		Sometimes the application of fairness may prevent true justice, as in when a criminal defendant who is actually guilty is acquitted because of evidentiary rules that guarantee a "fair" trial.
	blog.case.edu /mxs24/2005/03/08/a_theory_of_justice (3174 words)

	The Role of Pridein Hume's Theory of Justice (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hume’s explanation of the origin of justice is one that, as many have argued, presents more questions than answers.
		In this paper I explore one largely unrecognized psychological effect of the conventions of justice – the ability for people to develop well-founded pride and in particular, pride in their characters.
		Character-specific pride, I will argue, is attainable only through consistent adherence to the rules of justice, and thus is made possible by the conventions of justice.
	www.unc.edu /~besser/humestheoryofjustice.htm (94 words)

	CiteULike: Does Hume Have a Theory of Justice?
		The paper first argues that Hume fails to establish a coherent connection between justice and self-interest, because he fails both to state explicitly what he means by self-interest and to consider plausible alternative origins of the artificial virtue of justice.
		The paper then argues that Hume's conception of justice may plausibly be traced to the power of a few operating indirectly through convention.
		The argument focuses upon Hume's failure to extend justice to those insufficiently powerful to pose a real threat to others and his erroneous assumption that every particular property regime will serve the self-interest of all because all do better with some property regime rather than no property regime.
	www.citeulike.org /user/LuisSegoviano/article/902284 (0 words)

	Restorative Justice Online — Introduction
		Restorative justice is a theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused or revealed by criminal behaviour.
		Justice requires that we work to restore those who have been injured.
		An introductory tutorial on the worldwide movement of restorative justice.
	www.restorativejustice.org /intro (0 words)

	A Theory of Justice by John Rawls
		The second principle of justice is lexically prior to the principle of efficiency and to that of maximizing the sum of advantages; and fair opportunity is prior to the difference principle.
		In his famous theory of justice, the philosopher John Rawls asks us to imagine a social contract drawn up by self-interested agents negotiating under a veil of ignorance, unaware of the talents or status they will inherit at birth--ghosts ignorant of the machines they will haunt.
		Civil disobedience is by its nature an act responding to injustices internal to a given society, appealing to the public's conception of justice.
	oak.cats.ohiou.edu /~piccard/entropy/rawls.html (1342 words)

	A Theory of Justice (Rawls)
		Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, and social justice arises from the structure of basic social institutions.
		Under justice as fairness the principles are the firm centerpiece of justice, known to all and a guide to all.
		Strict perfectionism: "is the sole principle of a teleological theory directing society to arrange institutions and to define the duties and obligations of individuals so as to maximize the achievement of human excellence in art, science, and culture" (p.325).
	www.d.umn.edu /~schilton/3652/Readings/3652.Rawls.ATheoryOfJustice.full.html (15888 words)

	A Theory of Justice Summary
		His A Theory of Justice developed principles of justice for a liberal society and challenged utilitarian political philosophy....
		A Theory of Justice is a book of political and moral philosophy by John Rawls.
		References his book his book `Justice as Fairness,' which gives a lengthy description of the primary subject of justice, which states that it is "The way in which the major social institutions describe fundamental rights and duties and determine the division of advantages from social co operations."
	www.bookrags.com /A_Theory_of_Justice (229 words)

	identity theory \| a literary website
		identity theory is a regularly published, web-based magazine of literature and culture.
		Identity Theory is an online magazine that publishes author interviews, music interviews, original fiction, nonfiction, poetry, book reviews, film reviews, a social justice blog, and whatever else seems like a good idea at the time.
		RSS feed, or submit some of your own writing.
	www.identitytheory.com (310 words)

	Occidental College :: Critical Theory and Social Justice
		Critical Theory and Social Justice is fundamentally interdisciplinary, drawing on ideas from across traditional academic disciplines.
		“Social justice” refers to an extrajuridical concept of fairness that is focused on exposing and ending social inequalities.
		The aim of the Critical Theory and Social Justice Department is to promote understanding of how categories such as “race”, “sexual orientation”, and “nationality” help people recognize and combat some injustices and hinder them from recognizing and combating others.
	www.oxy.edu /x11442.xml (134 words)

	Rawls on Justice
		Suppose this rule is included within a system of slave property, the "property" in question is a slave, and the practice would require someone meeting an escaped slave to return the slave to his or her master.
		The fact that the slave system is unjust raises doubts about the justice of activities that occur within that system, such as returning escaped "property" to its "owners." What is needed is a way to determine when social systems, or the rules of justice that govern society a s a whole, are just:
		The "socialist" idea (see Distributive Justice) that responsibilities or burdens should be distibuted according to ability and benefits according to need is partly contained within the Difference Principle.
	www.wku.edu /~jan.garrett/ethics/johnrawl.htm (1299 words)

	identity theory \| social justice
		Check back daily for updates to our social justice blog.
		View our complete list of recommended social justice films and books.
		The social justice section of Identity Theory is edited by a mishmash of folks.
	www.identitytheory.com /social (0 words)

	Centre for Justice & Reconciliation at PFI Home — Centre for Justice & Reconciliation at PFI Home
		The PF New Zealand 2007 annual conference, When Prisoners Come Home… A Community Response to Prisoner Reintegration, highlighted the many issues surrounding a prisoner’s release from prison.
		Recently, 64 individuals from 33 countries completed the coursework for the International Diploma in Restorative Justice Course at Queen’s University in Canada.
		Practices and programs reflecting restorative purposes will respond to crime by: (a) identifying and taking steps to repair harm, (b) involving all stakeholders, and (c) transforming the traditional relationship between communities and their governments in responding to crime.
	www.pficjr.org (0 words)

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