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Topic: Theory of equations


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In the News (Wed 11 Nov 09)

  
  Theory of Equations - MSN Encarta
Theory of Equations, branch of mathematics concerned with the nature of the roots of polynomial equations and with the methods of finding the roots and related problems.
Prior to the 17th century, the theory of equations was handicapped by the failure of mathematicians to recognize negative or complex numbers (see Number) as roots of equations.
In 1635 French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes published a text on the theory of equations, including his rule of signs for the number of positive and negative roots of an equation.
encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761558588/Theory_of_Equations.html   (1019 words)

  
 NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Theory of equations
Topics include polynomials, algebraic equations, separation of roots including Sturm's theorem, approximation of roots, and the application of matrices and determinants to the solving of equations.
In mathematics, the theory of symmetric functions is part of the theory of polynomial equations, and also a substantial chapter of combinatorics.
In mathematics, Galois theory is a branch of abstract algebra.
www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Theory-of-equations   (529 words)

  
 The Existential Theory of Equations with Rational Constraints in Free Groups is PSPACE-complete - Diekert, Guti'errez, ...
Abstract: It is known that the existential theory of equations in free groups is decidable.
The existential theory of equations with rational constraints in free groups is PSPACE-complete.
5 The existential theory of equations with rational constraint..
citeseer.ist.psu.edu /626673.html   (802 words)

  
  EQUATIONS, THEORY OF,   (Site not responding. Last check: )
Prior to the 17th century, the theory of equations was handicapped by the failure of mathematicians to recognize negative or complex numbers (see Number) as roots of equations.
In 1635 René Descartes published a text on the theory of equations, including his Rule of Signs for the number of positive and negative roots of an equation.
Galois theory also answers two famous questions that go back to the ancient Greeks by showing that some angles cannot be divided into three equal angles using only a straightedge and geometrical compass, nor can a cube be constructed whose volume is twice that of a given cube by means of such tools.
www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..eq051300.a   (1392 words)

  
 The Many Types of String Theory
In the two heterotic theories, clockwise vibrations resemble those of a Type II string (clockwise vibrations in IIA and IIB are the same), but counterclockwise vibrations are those of the original bosonic theory.
String theory includes an equation to find the constant, but it is currently only an approximate version solvable only to yield the answer that the constant times zero is zero (thus implying that it could be any number according to the approximate equations).
This theory, the strongest string candidate yet for the theory of everything, has been dubbed "M-theory" by Edward Witten; however, there is no consensus on what the mysterious name means (in fact, Mystery Theory was a suggestion).
library.advanced.org /27930/stringtheory6.htm   (2156 words)

  
 The Many Types of String Theory
In the two heterotic theories, clockwise vibrations resemble those of a Type II string (clockwise vibrations in IIA and IIB are the same), but counterclockwise vibrations are those of the original bosonic theory.
The Type I theory is similar to Type IIB except that it includes open strings, or strings whose ends are loose and unconnected, as well as the usual closed strings.
String theory includes an equation to find the constant, but it is currently only an approximate version solvable only to yield the answer that the constant times zero is zero (thus implying that it could be any number according to the approximate equations).
library.thinkquest.org /27930/stringtheory6.htm   (2156 words)

  
 Big Bang Theory - Origin of Universe - 0rig.in   (Site not responding. Last check: )
To resolve this paradox, a theory of quantum gravitation is needed.
The Big Bang theory predicted the existence of the cosmic microwave background radiation or CMB which is composed of photons emitted during baryogenesis.
Using the Big Bang model it is possible to calculate the concentration of helium-4, helium-3, deuterium and lithium-7 in the Universe as ratios to the amount of ordinary hydrogen, H. All the abundances depend on a single parameter, the ratio of photons to baryons.
www.0rig.in /cosmology/big_bang_theory.htm   (4780 words)

  
 Electromagnetic Retardation and Theory of Relativity
In the second part of the book, Chapters 6 to 11, all the fundamental equations of the special relativity theory, including equations of relativistic electrodynamics and mechanics, are derived in a natural and direct way from equations of electromagnetic retardation and from electromagnetic force and energy equations without any postulates, conjectures, or hypotheses.
As a result, the theory of special relativity acquires a new physical and mathematical base and becomes united with Maxwellian electromagnetism into one simple, clear, and harmonious theory of electromagnetic phenomena and mechanical interactions between rapidly moving bodies.
A very significant result of the theory of electromagnetic retardation developed in this book is the derivation of all essential equations of the special relativity theory directly from the fundamental equations of the theory of electromagnetic retardation (retarded electromagnetic field integrals) without any postulates or hypotheses.
www.tfcbooks.com /mall/more/569emr.htm   (661 words)

  
 Group theory Summary
The methods of group theory should, therefore, be applicable in the study of the behavior of symmetrical molecules such as AB The application of group theory to chemical molecules is called chemical group theory.
In Galois theory, which is the historical origin of the group concept, one uses groups to describe the symmetries of the equations satisfied by the solutions to a polynomial equation.
A common foundation for the theory of equations on the basis of the group of permutations was found by mathematician Lagrange (1770, 1771), and on this was built the theory of substitutions.
www.bookrags.com /Group_theory   (3252 words)

  
 Electromagnetic Retardation and Theory of Relativity
In the second part of the book, Chapters 6 to 11, all the fundamental equations of the special relativity theory, including equations of relativistic electrodynamics and mechanics, are derived in a natural and direct way from equations of electromagnetic retardation and from electromagnetic force and energy equations without any postulates, conjectures, or hypotheses.
As a result, the theory of special relativity acquires a new physical and mathematical base and becomes united with Maxwellian electromagnetism into one simple, clear, and harmonious theory of electromagnetic phenomena and mechanical interactions between rapidly moving bodies.
A very significant result of the theory of electromagnetic retardation developed in this book is the derivation of all essential equations of the special relativity theory directly from the fundamental equations of the theory of electromagnetic retardation (retarded electromagnetic field integrals) without any postulates or hypotheses.
tfcbooks.com /mall/more/569emr.htm   (661 words)

  
 AbeBooks: Search Results - Burnside and Theory Of Equations
Theory of Equations: With an Introduction to the Theory of Binary Algebraic Forms (Dublin University Press Series), Vol.
The Theory of Equations: With an Introduction to the Theory of Binary Algebraic Forms Vol.
The Theory of Equations With an Intorduction to the Theory of Binary Algebraic Forms Volume 1.
www.abebooks.co.uk /search/sortby/3/an/Burnside+/tn/+Theory+Of+Equations   (1614 words)

  
 EMIS ELibM: Mathematical Journals
Memoirs on Differential Equations and Mathematical Physics is an international journal for the publication of high-quality, peer-reviewed original papers with full proofs in ordinary and partial differential equations and their applications.
Theory and Applications of Categories is the all-electronic, refereed journal on Category Theory, categorical methods and their applications in the mathematical sciences.
In this sense, it publishes research articles in the areas of functional analysis, theory of functions, differential equations, mathematical physics, differential geometry, measure theory, and analytical aspects of the theory of optimization.
www.emis.de /journals   (5356 words)

  
 The Field Equations
Thus, guided by the belief that the laws of physics should be the simplest possible tensor equations (to ensure general covariance), he proposes that the field equations for the gravitational field in empty space should be
It's worth noting that although the left side of the field equations is quite pure and almost uniquely determined by mathematical requirements, the right side is a hodge-podge of miscellaneous "stuff".  As Einstein wrote,
A slight (but significant) extension of the field equations was proposed by Einstein in 1917 based on cosmological considerations, as a means of ensuring stability of a static closed universe.
www.mathpages.com /rr/s5-08/5-08.htm   (1713 words)

  
 All Elementary Mathematics - Online Mathematical School...
It is not essential to select as unknowns the values that would be found according to a problem formulation.
Sometimes it is advantageous to select some other values as unknowns, to solve the received equations and after this to find the required values using the problem formulation.
Theory: Any notions from any section of elementary mathematics may be used here.
www.bymath.com /studyguide/plan_eng.html   (190 words)

  
 Citations: The existential theory of equations with rational constraints in free groups is PSPACE-complete - Diekert, ...
....Since the seminal work of Makanin [19] on equations in free monoids, the decidability of various theories of equations in di erent monoids and groups has been studied, and several new decidability and complexity results have been shown.
....equations in free groups has been replaced by a polynomial space bounded algorithm.
It shows that the existential theory of equations in free groups with rational constraints is PSPACE complete.
citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/2323185/626534   (660 words)

  
 The-Science-Lab.com - Math - Differential Equations
The Electronic Journal of Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations (EJQTDE) is dedicated to bringing you high quality papers on the qualitative theory of differential equations.
Green's functions play an important role in the solution of linear ordinary and partial differential equations, and are a key component to the development of boundary integral equation methods.
The aim of this 10-day course is to instruct young mathematicians on modern methods for nonlinear PDE theory, where the motivation comes from important new areas in applied science.
www.the-science-lab.com /Math/Differential-Equations.html   (320 words)

  
 The world's top Mathematics websites
The investigation of methods to solve equations leads to the field of abstract algebra, which, among other things, studies rings and fieldss, structures that generalize the properties possessed by the familiar numbers.
Group theory investigates the concept of symmetry abstractly and provides a link between the studies of space and structure.
An important field in applied mathematics is statistics, which uses probability theory as a tool and allows the description, analysis and prediction of phenomena and is used in all sciences.
www.websbiggest.com /dir-wiki.cfm/Mathematics   (1825 words)

  
 S.O.S. Mathematics CyberBoard :: View topic - Theory of equations.
Posted: Sun, 7 Aug 2005 14:25:33 GMT Post subject: Theory of equations.
In either case, What you do is solve for the variable a from the last equation and plug it into one of the other equations.
He should be able to complete the problem by testing all four values in the other three equations until he arrives at a with a pair of values (a, r) that is consistent with the original quartic.
www.sosmath.com /CBB/viewtopic.php?t=17217&view=previous   (384 words)

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