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Topic: Theory of structuration

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Structure and agency

Anthony Giddens

Talcott Parsons

1937

	Theory of structuration - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Theory of Structuration, proposed by Anthony Giddens (1984) in The Constitution of Society, is an attempt to reconcile theoretical dichotomies of social systems such as agency/structure, subjective/objective, and macro/micro perspectives, which consider individuals as either acted upon (as elements within a structural context) or as autonomous agents.
		The theory employs a recursive notion of actions constrained and enabled by structures which are produced and reproduced by that action.
		(This is different, for example, from Actor-network theory which grants technical artifacts an autonomy.) Additionally, the theory of structuration distinguishes between discursive and practical knowledge, recognizes actors as knowledgeable and reflexive, their knowledge as reflexive and situated, and that habitual use becomes institutionalized.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Theory_of_structuration (928 words)

	Structuration Theory
		The last of the action theory perspectives of Chapter 4 is structuration theory – the theory developed by Anthony Giddens to explain and integrate agency and structure.
		There is a duality of structures so that on one side it is composed of situated actors who undertake social action and interaction, and their knowledgable activities in various situations.
		The basic domain of study of the social sciences, according to the theory of structuration, is neither the experience of the individual actor, nor the existence of any form of social totality, but social practices ordered across space and time.
	uregina.ca /~gingrich/f300.htm (1760 words)

	Critical theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first meaning of the term critical theory was that defined by Max Horkheimer of the Frankfurt School of social science in his 1937 essay Traditional and Critical Theory : critical theory is social theory oriented toward critiquing and changing society as a whole, in contrast to traditional theory oriented only to understanding or explaining it.
		The second meaning of critical theory is that of theory used in literary criticism – hence "critical theory" -- and in the analysis and understanding of literature and is discussed in greater detail under literary theory.
		Critical theory in literature and the humanities in general does not necessarily involve a normative dimension, whereas critical social theory does, either through criticizing society from some general theory of values, norms, or oughts, or through criticizing it in terms of its own espoused values.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Critical_theory (1338 words)

	ETHICAL AUDIT DECISIONS: A STRUCTURATION PERSPECTIVE
		Structuration theory offers a theoretical foundation from which alternative conceptualizations of such interactions can be examined by presenting a high-level conceptual scheme that provides insights into how social structures are created by human agents and, at the same time, guides the actions and thoughts of those agents.
		Structuration theory is grounded in the duality of structure whereby social structures guide and provide the context for human agency and are recreated, and possibly changed, as a result of the actions carried out.
		Structuration theory affords a means for gaining an in-depth understanding of the factors that influence ethical decision processes, such as underlying ideology or strategy, as well as identifying possibilities for modifying the decision processes.
	les.man.ac.uk /ipa97/papers/dillar83.html (8392 words)

	Structuration Theory
		Structure is what gives form and shape to social life, but it is not itself the form and shape.
		Structuration theory and information technology: Structuration theory is a general theory of the social sciences; in its original formulation, ST pays little attention to technology (Jones 1997).
		In The Structure of Sociological Theory, Giddens, A., Wadsworth.
	www.istheory.yorku.ca /structurationtheory.htm (1594 words)

	www.theory.org.uk Resources: Anthony Giddens
		Giddens's theory of structuration notes that social life is more than random individual acts, but is not merely determined by social forces.
		Instead, Giddens suggests, human agency and social structure are in a relationship with each other, and it is the repetition of the acts of individual agents which reproduces the structure.
		This means that there is a social structure - traditions, institutions, moral codes, and established ways of doing things; but it also means that these can be changed when people start to ignore them, replace them, or reproduce them differently.
	www.theory.org.uk /giddens2.htm (461 words)

	Blackwood Project 2001. by Geoff Boucher
		Consequently, social theory is the servant of a pluralist politics, incapable of completely mastering society and merely a tool at the disposal of a multiplicity of interests and programmes.
		Durkheimian sociology is a theory of the Third Republic in France and therefore tied to the special relation between social integration and the ritualised invocation of the French Revolution peculiar to nineteenth century French republicanism.
		The hallmark of the maturity of social theory in the nineteenth century was therefore its ability to reduce social phenomena to mathematical formalisations - especially through the use of the emerging discipline of statistical methods - and to state the general laws governing all of social life.
	home.mira.net /~deller/ethicalpolitics/geoff-boucher/2001/structuration.htm (3149 words)

	The Framework of Structurization Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Given that the metatheory of Structurization Theory is inevitably ensconced in the specific religious or spiritual hermeneutic of the individual sociologist, a reflexive sociology must be among its integral components.
		Structuration theory is a constructionist theory -- that is, a theory which holds that humans are social constructs and that their institutions of all sorts are constructs upheld by humans acting according to their images of what reality is. The formulator and major exponent of structuration theory is Anthony Giddens.
		These intersubjective structures are perpetuated intergenerationally through socialization, and they are reinforced by living in a world in which they are seen objectively or materially in forms of (frequently stratified) social organization or objective structure.
	www.markfoster.net /sociosphere/sdp.html (2310 words)

	[No title]
		A central tenet of structuration theory is the recursive relationship (a “duality”) between structures (i.e., the rules and resources afforded to the actors) and systems (i.e., the interaction among the actors).
		Falsifying Structuration Theory While the utility of a structurational perspective to the study within and between organizations is well demonstrated, there continues to be a debate about the extent to which empirical studies offer a “test” as opposed to an illustration of structuration theory’s ability to capture complex processes (DeSanctis & Poole, 1994).
		Structuration Theory and Networks Scholars (Barley, 1990; Haines, 1988) have long argued for the use of network analytic techniques to articulate and extend structuration theory.
	faculty.fuqua.duke.edu /oswc/2000/papers/thursday/NoshirContractor.doc (7397 words)

	Temple (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A temple is a structure reserved for religious worship or sacrifice.
		A Hindu and Buddhist temple in Cambodia and Thailand is known as a wat.
		These temple structures, along with military and palace structures, have often been the main surviving studied examples of certain kinds of architecture.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Temple (714 words)

	[No title]
		Structuration theory is presented as an advanced theory of organizing and applied to the analysis of boundary management.
		Structuration theory: An Outline of Core Concepts Structuration theory, developed as a social theory by Anthony Giddens (1984), and adapted to the analysis of organizations and interorganizational networks by a small but growing group of North-American and European scholars (e.g.
		This is in sharp contrast to new systems theory as developed by Niklas Luhmann (1995) which, in the main, highlights the sense-making and communicative aspects of boundaries and downplays issues of power and control.
	faculty.fuqua.duke.edu /oswc/2000/papers/thursday/JoergSydowPaper.doc (4273 words)

	LOOKING BEHIND THE CURTAIN:A STRUCTURATION VIEW ON THE INITIATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS
		This paper uses structuration theory to further our understanding of how environmental reports came to be at two Canadian pulp and paper companies which in turn furthers our understanding of structuration theory and social change in general.
		Structuration is a theory that has been put forth by Anthony Giddens (1976, 1979, 1984) in "an effort to reconstruct the basic premises of social analysis (Giddens, 1991, p.
		Structuration theory then is a means to unite different paradigmatic streams of thought and produce a more holistic analysis of social phenomena.
	les.man.ac.uk /ipa97/papers/buhr17.html (7347 words)

	lect11
		Structuration Theory (ST) is a product of the work of Anthony Giddens.
		Many believe that it was developed as a direct attack on Functional Theory, particularly as it was presented by Talcott Parsons.
		STRUCTURES are the rules and resources that group members use to produce and reproduce systems.
	www.uiowa.edu /~c036070/3670Comm/lect13.html (455 words)

	Marginalized Places and Populations — www.greenwood.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It centers around the rise of structuration theory in geography and how this approach may be applied in order to comprehend the deepening chasms between classes, races, ethnic groups, and individuals in North America today.
		Structuration theory, originally expounded by Anthony Giddens, seeks to confront the relation between agency and structure in the social sciences.
		The centerpiece of structuration theory is duality of structure, the force that produces and reproduces the fabric of everyday life.
	www.greenwood.com /books/bookdetail.asp?sku=C4614 (350 words)

	Blackwood Project 2001. by Geoff Boucher
		The result of the theory of structuration is that society is no longer conceptualised as a closed entity.
		The theory of structuration depends on two sorts of resources and the actual composition of these forces historically.
		Giddens maintains that the modern nation state is created and developed in a structuration process, that involves the external and internal relations of the society.
	home.mira.net /~deller/ethicalpolitics/geoff-boucher/2001/politics7.htm (1521 words)

	From text to publication
		Structuration theory (Giddens 1984) provides a conceptual framework for describing and discussing the relations between human action and social structures in general and independent of concrete situations.
		The basic principle in the theory is the duality of structure: human action is both enabled and constrained by social structures, and the social structures are a result of human action.
		Structuration theory is difficult to apply, as it is a general theory still closely connected to practice: structures and structural properties are only visible through practice, through action.
	folk.uio.no /tone/Publications/Bratt-greg-99.html (10189 words)

	ADAPTIVE STRUCTURATION- Small Group Communication Context
		Adaptive Structuration focuses on the structure that is created and recreated through the generative and adaptive rules and resources of the group members.
		This theory is very deterministic in that groups follow a structure or guidelines, yet they are willing to adapt through many differnt structures.
		The particular structure of the space that a group has to work in and the structure or amount of time that they have for decision-making can greatly affect the ways in which groups can adapt to working well together.
	www.uky.edu /~drlane/capstone/group/adaptstr.html (537 words)

	Grounded Theory Online Forums and Seminars - "Blumer and Giddens"
		This means that the structure of structuration theory may be useful when it comes to structuring an emerging grounded theory.
		Habermas states that there are two types of theory in sociology there are theories which are developed from the perspective of the actor and developed from the perspective of the observer.
		This division I feel is true also of grounded theory - Strauss and Corbin's variety of grounded theory is heavily influenced by the perspective of the actor (hence the influence of symbollic interactionism) and Glaser's grounded theory is developed from the perspective of the Observer (influenced by early systems theory).
	www.groundedtheory.com /dcforum/general/12.html (942 words)

	Is Relevance Relevant? Market, Science, and War: Discourses of Search Engine Quality
		Structuration theory suggests that the cultural schemas that frame these discourses of quality will be central in mobilizing resources for technological development.
		The grammatical structure of the interviews shows that interviewees overwhelmingly refer to actions and descriptions as part of a collective corporate "we," typically using the pronoun "I" only when discussing personal matters or when they are unsure of the agreed corporate version.
		Structuration theory indicates that technological schemas and associated norms will have an effect on how resources are directed within society, helping to maintain old structures or create new ones.
	jcmc.indiana.edu /vol12/issue3/vancouvering.html (8662 words)

	Palgrave Macmillan : Catalogue Page
		Emphasis on the duality of structure is placed at the centre of the tradition.
		It is argued that the distinctive power of structuration theory lies in its potential to critically investigate a specific range of in situ questions.
		Structuration Theory produces a synthesis that draws on Giddens's work, on other versions of the structuration problematic, and on key empirical uses of the approach.
	www.palgrave.com /products/Catalogue.aspx?is=0333793781 (236 words)

	Reviews of 'The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration'
		In my opinion, structuration theory is so successful at explaining the environment/subject relationship because of its use of developmental psychology.
		Thus the "problem of order" in structuration theory is how it's possible that actors who are not co-present can coordinate their actions and reproduce anxiety-minimizing social norms across space and time.
		As Giddens' critics have stated at length, the empirical utility of structuration theory is debatable.
	www.usingenglish.com /amazon/us/reviews/0520057287.html (808 words)

	Thomas Duermeier
		The actions of individuals and the structures of social systems are created by structuration (compare Giddens, theory of structuration).
		Today, our industries and postindustrial sectors are structured by flexibility, greater rationalization and the implementation of communication and information technology (compare Dicken).
		I would prefer the use of theory of communication or the theory of structuration.
	www.colorado.edu /ibs/GAD/seminar/duermeier/duermeier7.htm (1457 words)

	bib-structuration
		Champion, D. Structuration theory and conversation modelling: A possible interpretivist approach to bridging the gap in information system design.
		Gregson, N. On the (ir)relevance of structuration theory to empirical research, in: Held, D. and Thompson, J.B. Social theories of Modern Societies: Anthony Giddens and his Critics.
		Cohen, I.J. Structuration Theory and Social Order, in: Held, D. and Thompson, J.B. Social theories of Modern Societies: Anthony Giddens and his Critics.
	ils.unc.edu /~lib/bib-structuration.htm (653 words)

	Adaptive Structuration Theory
		This theory is formulated as “the production and reproduction of the social systems through members’ use of rules and resources in interaction”.
		Chin, W, W., Gopal, Abhijit, and Salisbury, David, W. Advancing the theory of adaptive structuration: The development of a scale to measure faithfulness of appropriation.
		Lewis, I., and Suchan, J. Structuration theory: Its potential impact on logistics research.
	www.istheory.yorku.ca /ast.htm (1552 words)

	SAGE Publications - Anthony Giddens and Modern Social Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		His attempt to resolve the problem can be regarded as the key to the development of his brandmark "structuration theory." The book investigates the ways in which Giddens's approach to agency and institutions draws on theorists such as Wittgenstein and Goffman, who failed to develop a "macro" approach to sociology.
		It compare and contrasts his work with major currents in social theory, including the work of Habermas, Foucault, Bourdieu, Elias, and Parsons and with schools of thought such as feminism, ethnomethodology, Marxism, symbolic interactionism and postmodernism.
		It incorporates insights from many different perspectives into his theory of structuration, his work on the formation of cultural identities, and the fate of the nation-state.
	www.sagepub.com /book.aspx?pid=6204 (320 words)

	theory.html
		As such, this course asks you to imagine theory as a ritual social construction of selective sense-making frameworks within and/or in resistance to the material ideological demands and institutional constraints of sex/gender, political/economic, and racial/ethnic/national hierarchies.
		Anthony Giddens, "Elements in the Theory of Structuration," in The Constitution of Society.
		Zygmunt Bauman, "A Sociological Theory of Postmodernity,"in Intimations of Postmodernity.
	www2.bc.edu /~pfohl/theory2.html (3449 words)

	SSRN-Confessions of an IS Consultant or the Limitations of Structuration Theory by Mark Thompson
		This paper argues that the 'structurational tradition' within interpretive information systems has revealed some useful aspects of the organizational implementation and use of ICT, but that usually this has been achieved at the expense of an intuitively convincing account of human motivation.
		Although Giddens' 'dimensions of the duality of structure' is an important aspect of his thought, many IS studies have tended to focus almost exclusively on this model, in isolation from the broader canvas of his ideas.
		Thompson, Mark P A, "Confessions of an IS Consultant or the Limitations of Structuration Theory" (2004).
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=633974 (330 words)

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