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Topic: Theory of value (economics)

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	Learn more about Goodness and value theory in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Economic "good" is challenged by such issues as addiction.
		Values individualism is the view that only individual lives (or their eudaimonia) are intrinsically valuable; and so they are valuable not merely as a means to the flourishing of society.
		Values collectivism is the view that individual lives (or their eudaimonia) are only instrumentally valuable, i.e., good only as a means to, or as an outcome of the flourishing of society; the flourishing of society (whatever this might be) is the only intrinsically good thing.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /g/go/goodness_and_value_theory.html (5268 words)

	ISIL -- Labor Theory of Value
		Karl Marx's labor theory of value asserts that the value of an object is solely a result of the labor expended to produce it.
		The labor theory of value is the fundamental premise of Marx's economics and the basis of his analysis of the free market.
		The labor theory of value is clearly an intrinsic-value theory.
	www.isil.org /resources/lit/labor-theory-val.html (1748 words)

	Labor theory of value - InformationBlast
		The labor theory of value is a theory in economics which equates the value of an exchangable thing with the amount of abstract labor required to produce it.
		The labour theory of value does not derive the price of a commodity from its functional value to the consumer (described by Marx as a use value), but from the labour society has expended on its production (in Marxism, its socially necessary labour time).
		Workers work for a part of each day adding the value required to cover their wages, while the remainder of their labour is performed for the enrichment of the employer.
	www.informationblast.com /Labor_theory_of_value.html (1005 words)

	Chapter 3. The Theory of Value
		The measure of value is entirely subjective in nature, and for this reason a good can have great value to one economizing individual, little value to another, and no value at all to a third, depending upon the differences in their requirements and available amounts.
		Its value is equal only to the difference in importance between the satisfactions that are assured if we have command of the good of higher order whose value we wish to determine and the satisfactions that would be achieved if we did not have it at our command.
		But their values are governed, as was shown, by the magnitude of importance of the satisfactions that would have to remain unsatisfied if we were unable to command the labor services.
	mason.gmu.edu /~tlidderd/menger/menger_ch3.html (6404 words)

	Goodness and value theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the monotheist religions Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, the infallability of God is the basis for their respective values.
		For this and other reasons, conceptual metaphor theories argue against both subjective and objective conceptions of value and meaning, and focus on the relationships between body and other essential elements of human life.
		In effect, conceptual metaphor theories treat ethics as an ontology problem and the issue of how to work-out values as a negotiation of these metaphors, not the application of some abstraction or a strict standoff between parties who have no way to understand each other's view.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/goodness_and_value_theory (4696 words)

	RedNova News - Science - Value and Exchange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Since the value paradigm considers the whole of economics to be within the domain of the theory of value, it maintains the assumption of trading equilibrium when addressing other issues, such as growth and fluctuations.
		The problem is with the value paradigm-that is, with the attempt to extend assumptions that are appropriate to the theory of value to areas of economics where they are not appropriate.
		There is a general belief among economic theorists that a theory not expressed in the form of a mathematical model is not to be taken seriously.65 We have seen that, while there is no necessary connection between mathematical theory and the value paradigm, the latter does provide a very congenial environment for the former.
	www.rednova.com /news/display?id=124822 (9308 words)

	Value. - Economic Theory. Demography - What's Been Published
		Keynes's economics and the theory of value and distribution / edited by John Eatwell & Murray Milgate.
		Theories of value and distribution since Adam Smith; ideology and economic theory, by Maurice Dobb.
		The value theory of Karl Marx : a primer on Marxism / by Eric C. Kast.
	www.pitbossannie.com /rps-hb-value.html (1743 words)

	Jack Schwartzman / Henry George's Theory of Value
		The basic term in economics (called "political economy" in Henry George's time) is "wealth," but "utter confusion" exists concerning what wealth is. Since most economists agree, however, that all wealth has value, it becomes necessary to learn the nature of value in order to know the meaning of wealth.
		The first one, called "value in use," is that of utility, as when one speaks of the value of air or water to the human being.
		Most critics of Marx, in attacking his theory of value, have long contended that the value of any given marketable commodity is not measured by the time it took to produce it but by the buyer's current evaluation of the commodity's worth.
	www.cooperativeindividualism.org /schwartzman_george_on_value.html (1538 words)

	New Labour Theory of Value
		The "New Labour Theory of Value" is derived from Karl Marx' "Labour theory of Value'.
		However, he has transformed it into another theory which is in alignmemt with actual history and which reflects the social economic development of man. The form of the "New Theory" remains the same as that of Karl Marx in his theory but its contents become quite different.
		A theory of value which is at once general and objective has not appeared in human society since it began.
	www.angelfire.com /ga/chaok (1694 words)

	Scholastic Economics: Thomistic Value Theory
		Economics, as understood in the modern sense, occupied a subordinate place in relation to ethics and law in Catholic medieval doctrine.
		Within this framework, economic value was not regarded as an intrinsic quality but, rather, as the physical, mental, and moral significance given to an object by the evaluating subject’s assessment of the object’s desirability, utility, and scarcity.
		Although this narrow image of Catholic economic thought became entrenched in the twentieth century even within the Church, in the Catholic academic enclaves prior to the twentieth century, however, the development of economic thought progressed mainly from the contributions by the Scholastics.
	www.acton.org /publicat/randl/article.php?id=239 (2275 words)

	Information Headquarters: Goodness and value theory
		Values subjectivism states that to answer the question, "What things are intrinsically good?" we need only answer a further question, "Well, what do I, or what does my group, want not merely as a means to something else, but for itself?" But there are clear problems with this theory.
		Here are some definitions: Values individualism is the view that only individual lives (or their eudaimonia) are intrinsically valuable; and so they are valuable not merely as a means to the flourishing of society.
		Radical values environmentalism is the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a flourishing ecosystem; individuals and societies are merely instrumentally valuable, good only as means to having a flourishing ecosystem.
	www.informationheadquarters.com /Philosophy/Goodness.shtml (4480 words)

	Definition of Labor theory of value (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The labor theory of value (LTV) is a theory in economics and political economy concerning a market-oriented society: the theory equates the "value" of an exchangeable good or service (i.e., a commodity) with the amount of labor required to produce it.
		In the end, the neoclassical "theory of value" ( general equilibrium theory) is identical to the theory of price.
		The phrase "socially necessary", far from being an arbitary adjunct to the theory (as charged by Robert Nozick), expresses that societal perspective, radically distinct from neoclassical economics.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Labor_theory_of_value (4239 words)

	value, in economics. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		It developed in opposition to David Ricardo ’s earlier labor theory of value, which holds that the value of a good derives from the effort of production, based on supply.
		In the marginal theory of value, there is an exchange value, as Ricardo postulated, but there is also a use value, which signifies the utility of a given commodity for satisfying a human desire.
		Marginal theory is fundamental to modern economics, because it points out that both supply and demand have an impact on the price of a commodity.
	www.bartleby.com /65/va/value2.html (272 words)

	"Ibn Khaldun, the Father of Economics" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Another aspect of economic thought before Ibn Khaldun was that of the Scholastics and of the Canonites, who proposed placing economics within the framework of laws based on religious and moral perceptions for the good of all human beings.
		The value of any commodity, therefore, to the person who possesses it, and who means not to use or consume it himself, but to exchange it for other commodities, is equal to the quantity of labour which it enables him to purchase or command.
		In economic literature, a theory of profit as a reward for undertaking risk in a future of uncertainties is generally attributed to Frank Knight, who published his ideas in 1921.
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/oweissi/ibn.htm (5837 words)

	value on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Some of the most valuable stuff is held in manufacturing execution and plant processing...
		JPMorgan Funds Launches New JPMorgan Value Advantage Fund.
		In sliced bread, 430 milligrams are found in two slices of wheat- 18 percent daily value.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/v1/value2.asp (750 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Theory of Value : An Axiomatic Analysis of Economic Equilibrium (Cowles Foundation Monographs Series) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The New York Times is a valuable resource for students and faculty.
		This book has changed the standards of mathematical rigor in economic theory.
		This book is still used as a reference and deserves a place on every economic theorists bookshelf.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0300015593?v=glance (755 words)

	Experimental Economics: Induced Value Theory
		As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it:
		Article provided by American Economic Association in its journal
		All top Economics journals are listed on RePEc.
	ideas.repec.org /a/aea/aecrev/v66y1976i2p274-79.html (296 words)

	Economics at McMaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		McMaster University Archive for the History of Economic Thought
		: Research Institute for Quantitative Studies in Economics and Population
		: Research Program on Social and Economic Dimensions of Aging Population
	socserv.mcmaster.ca /econ (72 words)

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