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Topic: Therapeutic index

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	Therapeutic index
		The therapeutic index of a medication is a comparison of the amount that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxic effects.
		Drugs with a wider therapeutic index, such as diethyl ether and especially cannabis, require less expert intervention in their use, and tend to be less accepted in developed countries.
		Overdose is also related to the therapeutic index as well since with a narrow therapeutic index the transition into toxicity occurs more easily.
	www.ibpassociation.org /encyclopedia/Pharmacology/Therapeutic_index.php (139 words)

	Therapeutic index - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The therapeutic index (also known as therapeutic ratio or margin of safety), is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxic effects.
		A commonly used measure of therapeutic index is the lethal dose of a drug for 50% of the population (LD
		Examples of drugs with a narrow therapeutic range, that may require drug monitoring both to achieve therapeutic levels and minimise toxicity, include: digoxin, dimercaprol, theophylline, and lithium carbonate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Therapeutic_index (279 words)

	Therapeutic Horticulture/index
		It is not by accident, then, to find horticulture incorporated into the therapeutic process toward individual and community health and wellbeing.
		Therapeutic horticulture is a planned process of intervention applied toward specific change.
		The Arboretum’s therapeutic horticulture staff have wide training and experience in therapy, horticultural education, and community integration.
	www.arboretum.umn.edu /education/therhort/index.htm (209 words)

	Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Auburn University - College of Veterinary Medicine
		Therapeutic drug monitoring is indicated in clinical situations in which an expected therapeutic effect of a drug has not been observed, or in cases where drug toxicity related to high toxic PDC is suspected.
		In addition, TDM can be used to establish whether or not optimum therapeutic drug concentrations have been achieved for drugs characterized by a response that is difficult to detect or in which the manifestations of disease are life threatening and the trial and error approach to modification of dosing regimen is unacceptable.
		Therapeutic drug monitoring is useful in monitoring treatment with these drugs in order to assure that therapeutic concentrations are achieved and toxic concentrations avoided during each dosing interval.
	www.vetmed.auburn.edu /index.pl/therapeutic_drug_monitoring2 (5240 words)

	Therapeutic Metaphor - index.html
		Therapeutic Metaphors are specially designed stories which are a simple yet ideal tool for overt or covert change.
		The real beauty of Therapeutic Metaphors is their ability to affect deep and lasting change in an indirect and even covert manner.
		I wrote a Therapeutic Metaphor and we disguised it as a newspaper article and left it in the young man's bathroom.
	www.therapeuticmetaphors.com (1524 words)

	ASAP Dictionary of Anxiety and Panic Disorders
		Therapeutic Dosage - the dosage at which a medication is generally considered to have optimal effect.
		Therapeutic Index - the ratio of largest non-toxic dose to smallest effective dose of a medication.
		Therapeutic Touch - an alternative medicine practice where the practitioner passes their hands over the patient, without actually touching, in an effort to balance a person's energy.
	anxiety-panic.com /dictionary/en-dictt.htm (918 words)

	Sports & Fitness/Therapeutic Massage
		Why are so many sports and fitness enthusiasts including regular therapeutic massage as part of their conditioning programs.
		Therapeutic massage helps the body recover from the stresses of strenuous exercise and facilitates the rebuilding phase of conditioning.
		Therapeutic massage helps you avoid overtraining by facilitating recovery through general relaxation and its other physiological effects.
	www.elite-massagetherapy.com /sports.html (1341 words)

	Therapeutic Equivalence of Generic Drugs
		A list of so called narrow therapeutic index drugs was prepared by the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research in order to assist the FDA District Offices in their testing program that came about because of problems with the generic industry in the late 1980's.
		Narrow therapeutic INDEX is a term of art which has come into current use, including use by the agency.
		Narrow therapeutic ratio is defined in the regulations at 21 CFR 320.33(c).
	www.fda.gov /cder/news/ntiletter.htm (1282 words)

	Pharmacokinetics: Therapeutic Index
		The ratio of the drug dose which produces an undesired effect to the dose which causes the desired effects is a therapeutic index and indicates the selectivity of the drug and consequently its usability.
		It should be noted that a single drug can have many therapeutic indices, one for each of its undesirable effects relative to a desired drug action, and one for each of its desired effects if the drug has more than one action.
		Both the positioning and the slope of the cumulative frequency distribution curves for the desired effect, for the side effects, toxic effects and lethal effect are important indicators of the safety of the drug and our ability to use the drug successfully.
	www.vet.cornell.edu /public/pharmacokinetics/sitesDA/therapeutic_index.html (172 words)

	Cecil Textbook of Medicine : />
		The therapeutic window is shown as the range of therapeutically effective concentrations, which includes most of the efficacy curve and less than 10% of the toxicity curve.
		The therapeutic index is calculated by dividing the 50% value on the toxicity curve by the 50% value on the efficacy curve.
		Table 27-1, in addition to providing useful pharmacokinetic data, lists therapeutic ranges for several commonly used drugs for which measuring the drug concentration and knowing the therapeutic range may be useful in clinical management.
	www.merckmedicus.com /ppdocs/us/common/cecils/chapters/027_005.htm (490 words)

	therapeutic index respiratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		have a narrow therapeutic index, are metabolized by the liver,...
		Establishing a therapeutic index for the inhaled cortico-.
		Dose-response evaluation of the therapeutic index for inhaled budesonide in patients...
	therapeutic-index-respiratory.klmed.org (1868 words)

	Annual Indexes -- American Academy of Family Physicians
		Volume 72 Index -- July to December 2005
		Volume 70 Index -- July to December 2004
		Volume 68 Index -- July to December 2003
	www.aafp.org /x13556.xml (92 words)

	Case (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Therapeutic window is the range of serum concentrations within which the probability of efficacy is high, and the probability of toxicity is low.
		Narrow therapeutic index - drugs where serum concentrations that produce toxicity are slightly above the range which produces efficacy, sometimes toxicity can occur within the therapeutic range.
		Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index require therapeutic drug monitoring to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MedEd/MEDICINE/subint/floorcs/amino1/c3a.htm (484 words)

	Tex. Att'y Gen. Op. No. JC-0341 (2001) -- John Cornyn Administration
		A prescription for a narrow therapeutic index drug may be refilled only by using the same drug product by the same manufacturer that the pharmacist last dispensed under the prescription, unless otherwise agreed to by the prescribing physician.
		The term "narrow therapeutic index drug" is not defined in the Texas Pharmacy Act or elsewhere in the laws of this state.
		In short, the Board has determined that there are no "narrow therapeutic index drugs" for which special rules should apply with respect to the use of generic substitutions in refills.
	www.oag.state.tx.us /opinions/op49cornyn/jc-0341.htm (2021 words)

	Therapeutic Equivalence of Generic Drugs
		FDA wishes to comment on the issue of interchanging any brand-name drug with a therapeutically equivalent generic drug and requests that you inform your association's members of this information.
		These drugs may sometimes be described in FDA approved drug labeling as narrow therapeutic range drugs.
		It is not necessary for the health care provider to approach any one therapeutic class of drug products differently from any other class, when there has been a determination of therapeutic equivalence by FDA for the drug products under consideration.
	www.fda.gov /cder/news/nightgenlett.htm (884 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		The finding is of special significance since substitution of one brand of theophylline, a drug with a narrow therapeutic index, with another brand may result in sub-therapeutic response in patients.
		Theophylline being a narrow therapeutic index drug, it is legally incumbent on the manufacturers to ensure the quality of the marketed formulations, since a small change in the systemic concentrations may lead to a marked change in the pharmacodynamic response, with undesirable therapeutic consequences.
		Thus, asthmatic patients whose therapeutic response to theophylline, in approved doses, is sub-optimal may not necessarily be drug-resistant.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?ph04008 (2600 words)

	Enhancement of the Therapeutic Index: From Nonmyeloablative and Myeloablative toward Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy for ...
		Enhancement of the Therapeutic Index: From Nonmyeloablative and Myeloablative toward Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer -- DeNardo et al.
		improving the tumor to marrow therapeutic index, is being developed.
		Enhanced therapeutic index of radioimmunotherapy in prostate cancer patients: Comparison of radiation dosimetry for DOTA-peptide versus 2-IT-DOTA MAb linkage for RIT.
	clincancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/11/19/7187s (4529 words)

	UAMS - Pharmacy Services
		The Formulary is divided into four general sections: the Introduction, a Therapeutic Index, the Drug Monographs, and a General Reference Section.
		The Therapeutic Index is a listing by pharmacological or therapeutic category of those drugs which are carried in one or more dosage forms, by the Pharmacy.
		From the Therapeutic Index, the physician can determine if the desired drug is stocked in any form.
	pharmacy.uams.edu /formulary/formulary.asp (867 words)

	Therapeutic drug monitoring - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Therapeutic drug monitoring is a branch of clinical chemistry that specialises in the measurement of medication levels in blood.
		Its main focus is on drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, i.e.
		In a small group of drugs, this is impossible, as insufficient levels will lead to undertreatment or resistance, and excessive levels can lead to toxicity and tissue damage.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Therapeutic_drug_monitoring (159 words)

	antimicrodrugs
		Some 20 years later a dye, protosil, was found to have therapeutic value.
		The toxicity of a given drug is expressed as the the therapeutic index of the drug; the lowest doese toxic to the patient divided by the dose typically used for treatment.
		Tissue Distribution, metabolism, and excretion of Drug- antibiotics have no therapeutic value unless they reach the site of infection in concentration high enough to kill or inhibit the growth of the microbe.
	faculty.washington.edu /jclara/301/M301lecOut/antimicrodrugs.html (619 words)

	therapeutic tables index
		There are many publications available stating the therapeutic effects of essential oils – some are more reliable than others.
		Some of these oils have specific cautions and contraindications, do not use them unless you have researched their therapeutic use, make sure they are from a reputable dealer, and do not exceed the stated dilutions and application.
		Please seek permission if you intend copying the information on this website in any way unless it is for your own personal use.
	www.aromacaring.co.uk /therapeutic_table_1.htm (141 words)

	HIVtools :: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The concept of concentration control has not been critically explored because most available drugs have a high therapeutic index, where the difference between maximally tolerated concentration (MTI) and minimum effective concentration (MEC) is large.
		However when the therapeutic index (TI) is narrow, the concentration control concept is utilized.
		This is the case in the use of aminoglycosides, antiepileptic drugs and cancer chemotherapy.
	www.hivtools.com /TDM.php (1855 words)

	Antimicrobial Therapy
		A drug that disrupts a microbial function not found in eucaryotic animal cells often has a greater selective toxicity and a higher therapeutic index.
		Note that a number of factors influence whether a therapeutic dosage level may be established and then maintained at the site of infection (both quotes from p.
		The ratio of toxic dosage level to the therapeutic dosage level is termed the chemotherapeutic index (more specifically: “…the chemotherapeutic index is defined as the maximum tolerable dose per kilogram of body weight, divided by the minimum dose per kilogram body weight, that will cure the disease.” p.
	www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu /~sabedon/black13.htm (2467 words)

	Definition of therapeutic - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		1 : of or relating to the treatment of disease or disorders by remedial agents or methods therapeutic rather than a diagnostic specialty>
		diets> therapeutic investigation of government waste>
		Learn more about "therapeutic" and related topics at Britannica.com
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=therapeutic (69 words)

	Antibiotics
		Therapeutic Index - the therapeutic index is defined as the ratio of the dose toxic to the host to the effective therapeutic dose.
		The higher the therapeutic index the better the antibiotic.
		Categories of Antibiotics - Antibiotics are categorized as bactericidal if they kill the susceptible bacteria or bacteriostatic if they reversibly inhibit the growth of bacteria.
	pathmicro.med.sc.edu /mayer/antibiot.htm (1922 words)

	Therapeutic Index by Combination of Adriamycin and Docetaxel Depends on Dosing Time in Mice -- Tabuchi et al. 65 (18): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Therapeutic Index by Combination of Adriamycin and Docetaxel Depends on Dosing Time in Mice -- Tabuchi et al.
		Therapeutic Index by Combination of Adriamycin and Docetaxel Depends on Dosing Time in Mice
		Focan C, Kreutz F, Focan-Henrard D, Moeneclaey N. Chronotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid and carboplatin for metastatic colorectal cancer; an interesting therapeutic index in a phase II trial.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/65/18/8448 (4594 words)

	New Potential Antimalarial Agents: Therapeutic-Index Evaluation of Pyrroloquinazolinediamine and Its Prodrugs in a Rat ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The present study assessed the therapeutic index and efficacy
		the overall therapeutic index (a numerical estimate of the relationship
		Mailing address: Department of Pharmacology, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20307-5100.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/50/5/1649 (3822 words)

	Tumor Pretargeting with Avidin Improves the Therapeutic Index of Biotinylated Tumor Necrosis Factor {{alpha}} in Mouse ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Tumor Pretargeting with Avidin Improves the Therapeutic Index of Biotinylated Tumor Necrosis Factor {{alpha}} in Mouse Models -- Gasparri et al.
		possibility to improve the therapeutic index of TNF in patients.
		Corti A., Marcucci F. Tumour necrosis factor: strategies for improving the therapeutic index.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/59/12/2917 (5392 words)

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