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Topic: Therapeutic metaphor

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	Therapeutic Metaphors & Clinical Hypnosis by By David Puchol Esparza
		Therapeutic metaphor is one of the most elegant tools available for assisting people in the process of personal transformation, healing and growth.The major purpose of therapeutic metaphor is to pace and lead an individual’s experience through the telling of a story which helps that individual access resources necessary for change.
		Therapeutic metaphors encourage people to focus on the deeper structure relationships between their reality and that of the story.The therapeutic value of the metaphor lies in the similarity of its deep structure to the deep structure of the problem (formal properties), even though the surface level characters and details (the content) are very different.
		Metaphors are used widely in hypnotherapy to pass suggestions to the subconscious mind while bypassing or occupying critical faculties.
	www.hypnos.co.uk /hypnomag/esparza.html (2092 words)

	Therapeutic Metaphors
		A metaphor is a representation of an object or an idea with which it shares a similar quality.
		A metaphor is deeply embedded in our language, culture, and the way we think, and hence affects how we interact with the world and other people.
		A symbol is the smallest unit of metaphor, consisting of a single object, image, or word representing the essence of the quality or an attribute it stands for.
	www.deeptrancenow.com /metaphor.htm (294 words)

	Complementary Health and Alternative Medicine Information Service
		Metaphors should be elicited in the same way for every aspects of the experience perceived by the client and plenty of time should be given for the gathering of all the relevant information.
		This allows for the metaphor to develop in space and for a connection to be made with the experience at "T-1".
		Because of the fact that, in counselling, the relationship is in itself therapeutic, it is important for the therapist to be him/herself and share experiences and states which may be valuable to the process of therapy.
	www.chisuk.org.uk /articles/result.php?key=22 (2569 words)

	FQS 1(1) Rudolf Schmitt: Notes Towards the Analysis of Metaphor
		This metaphoric pattern is matched by one model of psycho-social help: helpers are said to retrieve the persons concerned from the depths, to save them from 'a fall' ('Absturz'), or to 'bolster' ('stützen') them, 'support' ('unterstützen') them, 'get them on their feet again' ('aufrichten'), or 'build them up again' ('aufbauen').
		They analyse, with reference to one specific example, what client and therapist envisage as metaphors of their joint undertaking, the enactment of these metaphors in their interaction, the break-downs in understanding brought about by divergent metaphors, and the possibility of transcending obstacles to communication meta-linguistically by the use of metaphors.
		Deconstructive segmentation of the texts into their metaphoric parts by means of anchoring examples and an operationalisation of the concept of metaphor; the metaphoric turns of phrase together with their immediate textual contexts are first copied out of the text into a separate list.
	www.qualitative-research.net /fqs-texte/1-00/1-00schmitt-e.htm (1841 words)

	Ernest Hartmann - Outline for a New Theory of Dreams - ASD journal Dreaming 6(2)
		This is a land populated by moving pictures and by metaphor (by the potential for producing pictures and metaphor—see below) with relatively little direct connection to sensory input or motor output.
		I am not speaking only of the technical rhetorical term metaphor in which "man is a wolf" would be called metaphor whereas "man is like a wolf" would be called simile.
		Metaphor is used to explain something: a "first term" (such as life, love, death, jealousy) which is somewhat abstract or problematic is explained by a "second term" (such as a plant, a journey, a departure, a green-eyed monster) which is simpler or more easily pictured.
	www.asdreams.org /journal/articles/6-2hartmann.htm (10633 words)

	Metaphor a Change - NLP Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Metaphors in the same way are different enough from the idea, situation or concept with which we initially refer to but allow a different quality and angle with which to interpret them.
		Therapeutic metaphors allow the client to derive their own meaning and make parallel connections from the metaphor to their own circumstances at an unconscious level.
		It is important to note that the situations, events and processes within the therapeutic metaphor are not equal to or do not directly represent the clients’ situation but act as an equivalent to, that they preserve the same relationships between the metaphor and the situation.
	www.nlp.maheono.com /metaphor_a_change_newsletter_july05.htm (2530 words)

	Governance through Metaphor Project: 3.1 Governance: programme of metaphoric development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The nature of this opportunity for innovative practical use of metaphor is unfortunately obscured by the plethora of figurative material available and the kind of attention devoted to it in literary studies undertaken for their own sake.
		David Gordon's study of Therapeutic Metaphors (1978) represents an extremely valuable articulation of the therapeutic possibilities that are highly suggestive of new approaches to development and societal learning.
		The challenge in exploring the rich range of metaphor available from the arts is to develop a method of culling materials, identifying "useful" metaphors and storing them in some appropriately designed database through which their wider significance could be explored.
	www.uia.be /metaphor/metacom_bodies.php?kap=21 (2508 words)

	Metaphor Therapeutic use. - Medicine - What's Been Published (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Mutative metaphors in psychotherapy : the Aeolian mode / Murray Cox and Alice Theilgaard.
		Therapeutic metaphors for children and the child within / by Joyce C. Mills & Richard J. Crowley ; in collaboration with Margaret O. Ryan.
		Tales of enchantment : goal-oriented metaphors for adults and children in therapy / by Carol H. Lankton and Stephen R. Lankton.
	www.pitbossannie.com /rps-r-metaphor-therapeutic-use.html (203 words)

	Metaphor Re-structuring
		With the analysis of the initial taping session, messages that have been given by the unconscious mind generally give an accurate description of what is transpiring at an unconscious level and reveal the causes for current behaviour.
		This can often reduce the therapeutic process by months, if not years, because it allows us to see precisely what is creating current issues.
		As the pictures or metaphors are changed with this process, so too do unconscious behaviours and life outcomes also change.
	www.reversespeechinternational.com /metaphor.php (234 words)

	A Case for Clinical Qualitative Research
		Given this perspective, clinical qualitative research could also be called therapist or practitioner-centered inquiry, wherein every attempt is made to match the metaphor of the therapy or therapist with the metaphor of the research or researcher.
		Selection of a particular method or metaphor would be based upon a sensitivity by researchers to therapists' ways of knowing and doing their clinical practice.
		Their selection of these metaphors to study therapy remains a strong influence in the field to this day.
	www.nova.edu /ssss/QR/QR1-4/clinqual.html (3439 words)

	OUTLINE FOR A THEORY
		This is a land populated by moving pictures and by metaphor (by the potential for producing pictures and metaphor -- see below) with relatively little direct connection to sensory input or motor output.
		Lakoff, in his contemporary theory of metaphor, points out how our everyday thought and speech -- even when we are in no way being poetic -- is pervaded by metaphor (Lakoff and Johnson 1980, Lakoff 1993a).
		The dream pictures metaphorically the overall state -- especially the emotional state -- of the dreamer or at least part of the dreamer's mind.
	www.meta-religion.com /Psychiatry/Dreams/theory_of_dreams.htm (10729 words)

	CHAPTER V
		Metaphor may be used to avoid the literal, escape from narrow or oppressive categories, avoid taboo or unacceptable language, provide release (assessment catharsis), and give indirect ways of saying things.
		Metaphor is a use of language different than that of literal language, and emotion is to a large extent a use of metaphor.
		Metaphor is used as the basis of humor therapy.
	facstaff.uww.edu /shiblesw/humorbook/h5.html (7640 words)

	Reason magazine -- July 2000, Curing the Therapeutic State: Thomas Szasz interviewed by Jacob Sullum
		The collaboration between government and psychiatry results in what Szasz calls the "therapeutic state," a system in which disapproved thoughts, emotions, and actions are repressed ("cured") through pseudomedical interventions.
		To me these are symptoms of the galloping therapeutic state, where increasingly we are giving away our existential choices and responsibilities to doctors--and therefore to the state, because they're really not talking about doctors as healers; they're talking about doctors as agents of the state.
		Now as far as the greatest impact, there's no question that "the myth of mental illness" and the idea of the therapeutic state are terms and concepts that are widely copied, and often used in ways quite different than I have used them.
	www.reason.com /0007/fe.js.curing.shtml (6230 words)

	MAPS - Volume 6 Number 1 Autumn 1995 - Archetypal Art Therapy Case Overview
		Following is a case presentation of the art works and metaphor writings of Volunteer #31, who reflects upon the four dosages of psilocybin administered to him in the study.
		Writing metaphorically about the art confirms the volunteer's ability to carry out usual tasks, encourages them to find relationships in their art, and focuses them on only the information contained by the art.
		Volunteer #31, with his eloquent metaphors and intriguing imagery, has composed for himself and the research team a glimpse into the personal essence of his psilocybin experience.
	www.maps.org /news-letters/v06n1/06123unm.html (1667 words)

	Metaphor and meaning in conversion disorder: a brief active therapy -- Viederman 57 (4): 403 -- Psychosomatic Medicine
		Metaphor and meaning in conversion disorder: a brief active therapy -- Viederman 57 (4): 403 -- Psychosomatic Medicine
		Metaphor and meaning in conversion disorder: a brief active therapy
		therapeutic approach and its implications as a transference cure are
	www.psychosomaticmedicine.org /cgi/content/abstract/57/4/403 (171 words)

	NLP: Metaphor
		In NLP, it is usually taught that metaphors address the unconscious mind rather than the conscious mind, and in fact the client is usually not intended to consciously figure them out.
		Of all the NLP approaches, I think that metaphor is the one where statistical evaluation of effectiveness would be most useful.
		Metaphor is one of the NLP techniques I feel least comfortable about, partly because I've just never been much good at constructing therapeutic metaphors.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~lady/archive/metaphor.html (645 words)

	Cancer as Metaphor -- Penson et al. 9 (6): 708 -- The Oncologist
		There is a long history of the use of military metaphor in medicine.
		Metaphor in illness and nursing: a two-edged sword.
		A discussion of the social use of metaphor in everyday language, and implications of nursing and nursing education.
	theoncologist.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/full/9/6/708 (4632 words)

	The Magic of Metaphor - Using Creative Visualizations : Quality Training
		A two day workshop for anyone who works in a therapeutic way with clients of all ages - counsellors, psychotherapists, psychologists, other therapists and anyone who is interested in the use of metaphor to enhance and enrich their own life.
		Metaphor has its roots in both Eastern and Western philosophies and has been used for centuries both for individual personal enrichment and as a therapeutic tool.
		To develop an understanding of the safe and appropriate use of metaphor in a therapeutic setting and to consider contra-indications.
	www.qualitytraininguk.com /course_info.php?id=4 (230 words)

	If I Conduct Outdoor Pursuits with Clinical Populations, Am I An Adventure Therapist?
		A metaphor is a symbolic way of experiencing reality, where one thing (an adventure experience) is conceived as representing another (a situation in a client's or group's actual lives (reality)).
		The power of adventure therapy lies in the metaphoric associations people are able to make that enhances their ability to transfer the lessons learned in the experience into behavioral or attitudinal changes in their life.
		The first strategy is a metaphoric debriefing whereby the leader employs an opened ended or non-prescriptive approach that allows participants to draw upon their own experience of the activity and discuss metaphoric links they have made (Handley might wonder if this might be possible or if one person's revelation might ruin the metaphor for others).
	www.lin.ca /resource/html/Vol22/v22n2a2.htm (4927 words)

	PsyArt: An Online Journal for the Psychological Study of the Arts.
		Critics of the novel have always noted the fire metaphors which connect childhood Jane's shame in the Red-room to the incendiary motifs of the "mad woman" Bertha, to Jane's "veins running fire" in passion for Rochester but also to feminist rage, and to the burning of Thornfield and Rochester's arm and eyes.
		As long as the metaphor is "alive" the equation is understood as an analogy, whereas in "dead" metaphor the identity of the terms is accepted.
		There is a tendency for "live" metaphors to regress into the "dead" metaphors that shape the thought and action of both analysands and analysts.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /ipsa/journal/2001_home.shtml (2898 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Metaphors may be the most powerful educational tools available.
		This is an example of a therapeutic metaphor delivered by the subconscious to help us cope with a changing world.
		In this sense, the metaphor is true to the participants.
	www.subcontact.com /bureau/metaphor.htm (476 words)

	Calamus Distance Course Units - Linguistics and Metaphor
		Calamus Distance Course Units - Linguistics and Metaphor
		A COURSE UNIT is the building block of a diploma or degree.
		These units can be taken as part of degrees in Liberal Arts, Counselling Psychology, Metaphor, Hypnotherapy, and related fields.
	www.unicalamus.org /courses_lingmet.htm (176 words)

	Grovian Therapeutic Metaphor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		When the causes of these symptoms are embedded in the past, it becomes difficult to address the areas with cognitive or adult oriented therapies.
		Grovian Therapeutic Metaphor penetrates beneath the individual's language and descriptive understanding of the problem, which obscures the original information about the causes of such symptoms.
		This is achieved by converting the client's feelings and thoughts into epistemological metaphors that more closely approximate the original events or causes.
	www.davidgrove.com (114 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The current article describes three individuals who were contending with different therapeutic issues (i.e., symbiotic involvement, somatization, and cessation of therapy) for whom spontaneous OBE was used therapeutically during hypnotherapy and proved to significantly advance the therapeutic processes.
		In accordance with the literature, and as observed in the presented cases, we have found that the OBE experience tends to appear in dissociative and highly suggestible subjects.
		In view of the cases described, a spontaneous OBE appearing in hypnotherapy is proposed as an effective therapeutic resource.
	www.altor.org /0900-99/a0902.htm (217 words)

	Metaphor - What's That?! - Project Sanctuary Portal
		Metaphors arise naturally when a data-stream of information is received and it is too information-dense to be put into simple, two dimensional language.
		If you want to use metaphor as a data-transmission device which carries EXPONENTIALLY MORE INFORMATION than linear language (the further the level of abstraction from the original experience or data-stream, the more impoverished the information transmission must by needs become), then empty or constructed or "Frankenstein" metaphors are simply not an option.
		If the data-stream accepts this insertion, then the metaphor will change and the client will in turn, change their experiences, their thoughts, and their behaviours which were based all and totally on THE ORIGINAL DATA-STREAM beneath the metaphor.
	www.projectsanctuary.com /main/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=13 (1346 words)

	Metaphor and Image (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Creating metaphors and images that may be coded in ways the makers don't even realize, permits the emotion to be changed, to be released through a safe and therapeutic means.
		The history of talent domains abounds with examples: In visual arts, the story of Michelangelo painting the ceiling of the Sistine chapel in great emotional pain for the situations in his life is the example always cited.
		One of the teams that visited Kuwait after the Gulf war was a team of art therapists, who asked Kuwaiti children to draw the horror they had seen, of invading soldiers breaking down the doors of their homes and raping their mothers.
	www.talentdevelop.com /Page133.html (1878 words)

	Narrative psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Gordon asserted that metaphorical stories must "meet the client at his model of the world" (Lyness and Thomas, 1995).
		similarity of the metaphorical story to client's perception of their own story is what enables them to make connection to their own life (through abductive reasoning).
		denies one of those four components: that the therapist actually used a metaphor, that a message was sent, that the client was the intended target, or that the message had therapeutic content (Andolfi, et.al, 1983 in Bubenzer, et.al, 1991).
	www.users.mis.net /~sirtomas/narrative.html (793 words)

	Life after Grovian Metaphor by Rupert Davies-Cooke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		I built a rich metaphorical landscape over the three years: an Island, or 'I-land' inhabited by people and animals and forests and rivers.
		I was filming a group of eight men, all in their late thirties, all talking about their experiences of travelling with an airline.
		Philip Harland is a writer and neuro-linguistic psychotherapist specialising in Grovian therapeutic metaphor (more biographical detail is at www.davidgrove.com/therapists).
	www.cleanlanguage.co.uk /Davies-Cooke.html (976 words)

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