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Topic: Therapsida

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	Therapsida
		Quite simply, the three principal radiations within the Therapsida appear to be based on three solutions to the problem of bringing the food-processing surfaces of the upper and lower jaws into closer contact in order to achieve a more efficient system than existed in the sphenacodontids for subdividing both plant and animal foodstuffs.
		Therapsida - by Jack Conrad - includes an up to date Cladogram, essay, and technical diagnosis of the group
		Therapsida - cladogram and short bibliography - Mikko K. Haaramo
	www.kheper.net /evolution/therapsida/Therapsida.htm (730 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 400.100 Therapsida : Therapsida
		This combination of primitive and advanced features showed that Tetraceratops is intermediate between pelycosaurs and all previously known therapsids, an could serve as pretty good ancestral type (or "sister taxon" in cladistic jargon) to the later Therapsida.
		However, this was enough to change the shape of the cladogram in a subtle, but significant way, shifting Tetraceratops onto a dead-end side track, the Sphenacodontidae (like Dimetrodon), rather than being on the main line to the Therapsida.
		It is quite likely that proto-therapsids such as Tetraceratops (and many others which never became fossilised) evolved in an upland environment where they were not easily fossilised, away from the swamps and deltas frequented by the Pelycosaurs (the only upland Pelycosaur lineages were the Caeseidae and, most certainly, their eothyrid ancestors).
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/400Therapsida/100.html (1793 words)

	Journal of Paleontology: naris and palate of Lycaenodon Longiceps (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia), with comments on their ...
		CLUVER, M. A reassessment of the relationships of the Permian Dicynodontia (Reptilia, Therapsida) and a new classification of dicynodonts.
		RUBIDOE, B. A new burnetiamorph (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia) from the lower Beaufort of South Africa.
		RUBIDGE, B. On the cranial morphology of the basal therapsids Burnetia and Proburnetia (Therapsida: Burnetiidae).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_200309/ai_n9295260/pg_4 (1026 words)

	University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Bernard Price Institute
		Botha, J. Biological aspects of the Permian dicynodont Oudenodon (Therapsida: Dicynodontia) deduced from bone histology and cross-sectional geometry.
		Chinsamy, A. and Rubidge, B. Dicynodont (Therapsida) bone histology: phylogenetic and physiological implications. Vol.
		Hopson, J. and Kitching, J. A revised classification of cynodonts (Reptilia: Therapsida). Vol.
	www.wits.ac.za /geosciences/bpi/pafull.htm (5652 words)

	Thrinaxodon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Thrinaxodon is a member of the group Therapsida, which also contains the group Mammalia.
		Therapsida is, in turn, a member of the group Synapsida.
		Thrinaxodon is, thus, a close relative of the mammals, but not a mammal itself.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /synapsids/rowe/thrinax.html (176 words)

	[No title]
		Angielczyk, K.D. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis and stratigraphic congruence of the dicynodont anomodonts (Synapsida: Therapsida).
		Phylogenetic analysis of Russian Permian dicynodonts (Therapsida: Anomodontia): implications for Permian biostratigraphy and Pangaean biogeography.
		Rubidge, B.S. and Kitching, J.W. A new burnetiamorph (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia) from the lower Beaufort Group of South Africa.
	palaeo-electronica.org /2005_1/jacobs28/refer.htm (1431 words)

	therapsida - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 6 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word therapsida:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "therapsida" is defined.
		therapsida : WordNet 1.7 Vocabulary Helper [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=therapsida (91 words)

	Therapsida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Date "Therapsida" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1991.
		English words defined with "Therapsida": Chronoperates, Cynodontia &diams; Dicynodontia, division Cynodontia, division Dicynodontia ♦ genus Chronoperates &diams; order Therapsida.
		Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /Th/Therapsida.html (239 words)

	Comparative Anatomy Topic 3 - Mammals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Nearly all other animals (including most of the pelycosaurs) have only a single tooth type (typically conical, but this varies); however, most therapsids and mammals have different tooth types (canines, incisors, molars, and/or premolars) designed for different functions.
		On the tree below, you should know that Pelycosauria and Therapsida are not monophyletic groups.
		Don't concern yourself with all genus names, but you should be familiar with Dimetrodon (a varanopsid), Probainognathus, and Diarthrognathus (we will be discussing the last two in some detail later in the course).
	www.auburn.edu /academic/classes/zy/0301/Topic3e/Topic3e.html (841 words)

	Mammal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Domain Eukaryota, Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Class Mammalia.
		Therapsida and Mammalia, along with Pelycosauria make up the synapsids
		The names "Prototheria", "Metatheria" and "Eutheria" expressed the theory that Placentalia were descendants of Marsupialia, which were in turn descendants of Monotremata, but this theory has been refuted.
	www.kosmoi.com /Life/Animals/Mammal (769 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates: References A-L
		Barghusen, HR (1968), The lower jaw of cynodonts (Reptilia, Therapsida) and the evolutionary origin of mammal-like adductor jaw musculature.
		Barghusen, HR (1975), A review of fighting adaptions in dinocephalians (Reptilia, Therapsida), Paleobiology 1: 295-311.
		Battail, B and MV Surkov (2000), Mammal-like reptiles from Russia in MJ Benton, MA Shishkin, DM Unwin and EN Kurochkin (eds.), The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, Cambridge Univ. Press, pp 86-119.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Lists/References/Refs.html (5446 words)

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