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Topic: Thermoelectric cooling

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	ET 11/99: Thermoelectric cooling devices
		Cooling in miniature, without bulky machines, conventional fluids or moving parts, is goal of materials research at Cornell.
		In conventional cooling devices, heat is carried away by a working fluid, such as a chlorofluorocarbon, which involves the moving parts that cause most equipment breakdowns, environmental damage and bulkiness.
		In thermoelectric devices, the "working fluid" is electrical current that runs through a junction between differently doped semiconductors and pulls heat away from that junction, producing cooling without any moving parts.
	www.sdearthtimes.com /et1199/et1199s11.html (576 words)

	MEM:Thermoelectric Heat Pumps (Fall '99)
		Thermoelectric heat pumps are small, modular devices that cool or heat depending upon the direction of current flow.
		A thermoelectric module is positioned between the object to be cooled or heated (control side) and an object to which the heat is rejected (hot side).
		A thermoelectric chiller consists of a series of thermoelectric modules sandwiched between a conductive plate (through which liquid channels are drilled or molded) and a finned heat sink to dissipate the heat to the ambient air.
	www.devicelink.com /mem/archive/99/09/001.html (2299 words)

	THERMOELECTRIC REFRIGERATION
		Thermoelectric modules are constructed from a series of tiny metal cubes of dissimilar exotic metals which are physically bonded together and connected electrically.
		Solid-state thermoelectric modules are capable of transferring large quantities of heat when connected to a heat absorbing device on one side and a heat dissipating device on the other.
		COMPRESSOR : Cooling is achieved by vaporising a refrigerant (such as freon) inside the refrigerator - heat is absorbed by the refrigerant through the principle of the "latent heat of vaporisation" and released outside the refrigerator where the vapour is condensed and compressed into a liquid again.
	www.koolatron.com /test/images/thermoelectric.html (1095 words)

	oe magazine - tutorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thermoelectric modules are not ideal for every cooling application, and there are many situations in which a simpler cooling device, such as a heat sink, is more appropriate.
		Thermoelectric cooling is particularly effective for cases requiring precise temperature control, such as laser cooling applications.
		Most thermoelectric cooling modules are fabricated with an equal number of n-type and p-type elements where each n and p element pair forms a thermoelectric couple.
	oemagazine.com /fromTheMagazine/mar01/tutorial.html (1509 words)

	Thermoelectric Cooling of Photomultiplier Housings - Products for Research Inc.
		Simply stated, thermoelectric cooling or Peltier cooling is based on the phenomenon of cooling or absorption of heat at the junction of two rods of metal or semiconductor when a current is made to pass through them.
		Liquid heat-exchanged thermoelectrically cooled PMT housings typically use water, either by means of a recirculating liquid heat exchanger, or tap water flowing into an open drain to remove heat from the PMT cooler.
		The tube socket assembly supplied with thermoelectrically cooled housings is directly interchangeable with tube socket assemblies supplied with any of the housings of the same class or for any tube which fits into those housings.
	www.photocool.com /tecool.htm (579 words)

	Active Cool
		Thermoelectric coolers (TECs), also known as Peltier coolers, are solid-state heat pumps that utilize the Peltier effect to move heat.
		The thermoelectric elements must be incorporated into a cooling module so that the crystal growth axis is parallel to the length of each element (perpendicular to the ceramic plates), so that this anisotropy is harnessed for optimum cooling.
		As a result of the temperature difference, Peltier cooling causes heat to be absorbed from the vicinity of the cooling plate, and to move to the other (heat sink) end of the device—see diagram.
	www.activecool.com /technotes/thermoelectric.html (1124 words)

	Cooling Systems Including Chillers, Liquid Cooling Systems and Modular Cooling Systems
		Outsourcing your cooling loop to a company that builds thousands of cooling systems per year guarantees a quality product and enables you to focus your engineering efforts on your own area of expertise.
		Lytron’s cooling systems are used in a variety of applications including medical and industrial lasers, analytical instruments, oncology machines, electron microscopes, printing equipment, plasma etch systems, and solder reflow ovens.
		Every cooling system that we sell is backed by our world-class service operation to provide rapid and affordable service, should the need arise.
	www.lytron.com /standard/cooling.asp?ref=google&kw=cooling_systems (417 words)

	Current Pulses Momentarily Enhance Thermoelectric Cooling
		It has been proposed to utilize such momentary enhancements of cooling in applications in which diode lasers and other semiconductor devices are required to operate for times of the order of milliseconds at temperatures too low to be easily obtainable in the steady state.
		The principles of operation are straightforward: In a thermoelectric device, the cooling occurs only at a junction at one end of the thermoelectric legs, at a rate proportional to the applied current.
		For the particular thermoelectric device used in one set of the experiments, the practical optimum pulse amplitude was found to be about 3 times the optimum steady-state current.
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/May04/NPO3055.html (499 words)

	Fundamental Thermoelectrics by ADVANCED THERMOELECTRIC - Part 1
		Thermoelectric modules are solid-state devices (no moving parts) that convert electrical energy into a temperature gradient, known as the "Peltier effect" or convert thermal energy from a temperature gradient into electrical energy, the "Seebeck effect." Thermoelectric modules used as TE generators or TEGs are rather inefficient and little power is produced.
		The actual temperature achieved, with a given level of cooling or DT on the module, in an assembly is derived by subtracting the temperature of the cold side Tc from the temperature of the hot side Th.
		The object cooled can be a block of metal creating a cold plate, another forced convection heat sink making an air-to-air exchanger, a liquid heat sink forming a liquid-to-air exchanger, a probe for a water cooler or just about anything else with a flat surface.
	www.electracool.com /basics.htm (1707 words)

	Electronic Products
		Because thermoelectric cooling is a form of solid-state refrigeration, it has the advantage of being compact and durable.
		Thermoelectric air conditioning is used mostly in enclosure cooling applications, especially the cooling of electronic enclosures.
		The cooling of computer electronics by this method is especially common, as is the cooling of individual computer chips by direct contact with tiny thermoelectric cold plates.
	www.electronicproducts.com /ShowPage.asp?SECTION=3700&PRIMID=&FileName=TECA.may2004.HTML (1315 words)

	Thermoelectric Technical Reference
		To complete the thermal system, the hot face of the TE cooler must be attached to a suitable heat sink that is capable of dissipating both the heat pumped by the module and Joule heat created as a result of supplying electrical power to the module.
		Note that when combining thermoelectric cooling modules and heat sinks into a total thermal system, it normally is NOT necessary to take into account heat loss or temperature rise at the module to heat sink junctions.
		Cooling air may be supplied from a fan or blower and may either be passed totally through the length of the heat sink or may be directed at the center of the fins and pass out both open ends.
	www.ferrotec.com /technology/thermoelectric/thermalRef05.php (1146 words)

	Thermoelectric Technical Reference
		Thermoelectric materials most often are fabricated by either directional crystallization from a melt or pressed powder metallurgy.
		Because of this anisotropy, thermoelectric elements must be assembled into a cooling module so that the crystal growth axis is parallel to the length or height of each element and, therefore, perpendicular to the ceramic substrates.
		Most thermoelectric cooling modules are fabricated with an equal number of N-type and P-type elements where one N and P element pair form a thermoelectric "couple." The module illustrated in Figure (2.2) has two pairs of N and P elements and is termed a "two-couple module".
	www.ferrotec.com /technology/thermoelectric/thermalRef02.php (835 words)

	Thermoelectric cooling, Peltier coolers, cold plates, and heat sinks Ñ TE Technology
		For thermoelectric modules, it is standard to use the term "coefficient of performance" rather than "efficiency." The coefficient of performance (COP) is the amount of heat pumped divided by the amount of supplied electrical power.
		Thermoelectrics are also ideal when both heating and cooling is needed and when precision temperature control is required.
		Using the aforementioned thermoelectric test equipment, a small current is applied to the thermoelectric modules and a temperature difference between the heat sink and the cold sink is created.
	www.tetech.com /techinfo (8279 words)

	Thermoelectric Cooler, Thermoelectric Coolers - CustomChill, Inc.
		A thermoelectric cooler is used for cooling lasers, cooling electronics, and in medical device applications such as burning room cooling and physical therapy.
		A typical thermoelectric cooler is a semiconductor–based component, soldered between two ceramic plates, creating a sandwich type structure filled with bismuth telluride particles and doped to obtain N-P junctions.
		Thermoelectric coolers offer low noise performance and are ideal for use in medical offices, laboratories and all other places where noise reduction is a factor.
	www.customchill.com /pages/techcoolers.php (370 words)

	TECA: Thermoelectric Cooling America Corporation, solid state cooling, peltier air conditioners, cold plates, liquid ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thermoelectric (Def): Stated as simply as possible, in a thermoelectric cooler, semiconductor materials with dissimilar characteristics are connected electrically in series and thermally in parallel, so that two junctions are created.
		Heat absorbed at the cold junction is pumped to the hot junction at a rate proportional to carrier current passing through the circuit and the number of couples.
		If the thermoelectric current is increased to maintain the load temperature, the COP (Coefficient of Performance) tends to decrease.
	www.thermoelectric.com /2002/tt/index.html (571 words)

	A Novel On-chip Thermoelectric Cooling Device
		A new concept of on-chip thermoelectric cooling disclosed here will be able to effectively remove heat from today's high-speed/ high-power semiconductor chips.
		A method of building such high-efficiency solid-state thermoelectric cooling devices (or heat pumps) on the back side of the chip (or wafer) is proposed.
		The thermoelectric cooling devices are built using low temperature processes (below 350~C), therefore the performance of the built devices on the front side of the wafer would not be affected.
	www.priorartdatabase.com /IPCOM/000109942 (345 words)

	Thermoelectrics By Tellurex Corporation
		In the world of thermoelectric technology, semiconductors (usually Bismuth Telluride) are the material of choice for producing the Peltier effect—in part because they can be more easily optimized for pumping heat, but also because designers can control the type of charge carrier employed within the conductor (the importance of this will be explained later).
		Thermoelectric modules make very efficient heaters—in fact, because of the unique properties of Peltier devices, any given TE system will have a greater capacity for heating a load than cooling it.
		Both technologies have their advantages and disadvantages, but where thermoelectric technology really shines, is in making it feasible to do very small cooling jobs—ones which would be wholly impractical with a compressor-based system.
	www.tellurex.com /12most.html (2434 words)

	Introduction to Themoelectric Cooling KeyWords:(Thermoelectric Cooler TEC Peltier)
		A thermoelectric cooler (TEC), sometimes called a thermoelectric module or Peltier, is a semiconductor-based electronic component that functions as a small heat pump.
		Consequently, a thermoelectric cooler may be used for both heating and cooling by reversing the polarity (changing the direction of the applied current).
		The heat absorption (cooling) is proportional to the current and the number of thermoelectric couples.
	www.marlow.com /TechnicalInfo/introduction_to_themoelectric_co.htm (327 words)

	IceProbe Thermoelectric Water Cooling Device :: CoolWorks Inc
		In applications where the IceProbe is cooling large volumes of water, such as in aquariums, the temperature of the probe will only be slightly cooler than the liquid around it.
		Also, overall cooling performance is greatly influenced by how effectively the liquid reservoir is insulated from the surrounding environment.
		Often, poor ventilation is a contributing factor to diminished cooling capacity.
	www.coolworksinc.com /iceprobe_troubleshooting.htm (753 words)

	Thermoelectric cooling, Peltier coolers, cold plates, and heat sinks - TE Technology
		Thermoelectric cooling, Peltier coolers, cold plates, and heat sinks - TE Technology
		We design and manufacture thermoelectric cold plates, liquid coolers, and thermoelectric coolers for thermoelectric cooling applications that demand extremely high reliability.
		Whether you need the rapid delivery of a standard cooler, a Peltier heat sink, or the economy and features of a custom cooler, TE Technology has all of your thermoelectric cooling solutions and much more.
	www.tetech.com (116 words)

	Thermoelectric cooling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Due to the relatively low efficiency, thermoelectric cooling is generally only used in environments where the solid state nature outweighs the poor efficiency.
		Thermoelectric junctions are generally only around 20% as efficient as the ideal refrigerator (Carnot cycle), compared with 40% achieved by conventional compression cycle systems.
		The effect is used in satellites and spacecraft to counter the effect of direct sunlight on one side of a craft by dissipating the heat over the cold shaded side whereupon the heat is dissipated by radiation into deep space.
	www.pillscatalog.net /Thermoelectric_cooling.html (381 words)

	Telecom Thermoelectric Cooling Unit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		They are being cooled by forced fan-set circulation of the outdoor air within the case.
		Telecom cooler is constructed as a multi-component air-to-air thermoelectric assembly mounted into a case.
		Telecom is equipped with inner heat exchangers and fans to provide intense circulation of the cooled air along the case.
	www.kryotherm.ru /ustrohl_termo_ohlad.html (390 words)

	Thermoelectric Cooling Modules suit high power laser diodes., Elite Thermal Enginee
		Elitethermalenginering.com, a thermal management company focusing on photonics cooling solutions, recently released a series of high performance, high power thermoelectric cooling modules (cold plates) that are designed specifically for high power laser diodes.
		Conventional cooling modules consist of a cold plate and a heatsink with thermoelectric coolers (TEC) sandwiched in between.
		To make matters worse for cooling laser diodes is the spreading resistance of the cold plate itself--- the conventional cooling modules usually specify the cooling capacity based on uniform heat load to the cold plate.
	news.thomasnet.com /fullstory/467801/rss/1029 (769 words)

	BioCold Environmental Features -- Thermoelectric Cooling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thermoelectric cooling allows for quiet and energy-efficient chamber operation in a lab environment.
		As new ICH standards are developed, the temperature and humidity guidelines may require chamber dehumidification to achieve the appropriate humidity levels.
		Thermoelectric cooling gives us the ability to strip water vapor out of the air regardless of ambient humidity conditions.
	www.biocold.com /features/thermoelectric.htm (115 words)

	Thermoelectric Cooling Unit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thermoelectric cooling unit through microcontroller has function to measurements temperature and setup point of temperature.
		The port of microcontroller is used to communicate signal between hardware and microcontroller.
		From the experiment of Termoelectric cooling unit through microcontroller, comparing between the average value of temperature and the average value of standard measurement.
	library.kmitnb.ac.th /projects/ind/EIT/eit0077e.html (99 words)

	Thermoelectric Cooling America Corporation, thermoelectric solid state air conditioners, thermoelectric air ...
		Thermoelectric Cooling America Corporation, thermoelectric solid state air conditioners, thermoelectric air conditioner, cold plates, cold plate, liquid chillers, liquid chiller, recirculating liquid chiller, peltier cold plate, peltier coolers, peltier cooler, TE coolers, TE cooler
		TECA is the originator of the thermoelectric solid state air conditioner and continues to take a leadership position in the application of Peltier cooling.
		TECA products are a great solution for electric and electronic enclosure cooling, for cooling by direct contact and closed-loop liquid chilling in industrial, medical, telecom, laboratory, laser, processing, mining and other fields.
	www.thermoelectric.com (197 words)

	Cylinder Thermoelectric Cooling Device
		This principle is the basis of thermoelectric refrigeration.
		Thermoelectric generator, thermoelectric generator for outdoor use - US Patent 5917144 -...
		cooling of sensors is expected to have an advantage over mechanical and thermoelectric...
	www.coolairconditioners.com /cylinder-thermoelectric-cooling-device.html (736 words)

	Thermoelectric Cooling Review
		If you spend just a few minutes on this site, you will find extremely well organized thermoelectric cooling information and tidbits, which will definitely answer nearly any single or multiple questions you have.
		Manufacturer of thermoelectric cooling modules, air-to-air coolers, air-to-liquid coolers, liquid-to-liquid coolers, thermal grease and plate coolers.
		Tellurex is world's leading manufacturer of high performance thermoelectric modules for solid-state cooling and electric power generation.
	www.thermo-thermal.com /thermoelectric-cooling.html (257 words)

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