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Topic: Thermolysis

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	Electrology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thermolysis was developed in the 1920s and first reported in medical literature by Henri Bordier.
		Galvanic and thermolysis are often combined in a method known as blend, developed by Arthur Hinkel in 1948, which uses both RF and direct current, combining many of the advantages of galvanic and thermolysis.
		All three of these methods use a metal probe 50 to 150 µm (0.002 to 0.006 inches) in diameter which is inserted into the hair follicle to the depth of the dermal papilla or hair matrix, which is the site of formation of hair from highly mitotic and keratinized cells.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electrology (544 words)

	Department of Chemistry: Seminar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A thermolysis and photoelectron spectroscopic investigation of 2-diazobicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-3,6-diene has indicated the generation of fulvenallene, which is the lowest in energy isomer on the C7H6 potential energy surface.
		The thermolysis of N,N-dimethylbicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-3,6-dien-1-amine oxide (N-oxide) in the PE spectrometer has revealed the ionization potentials of the transient triene.
		The thermolysis of bicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-6-en-2-one in the PE spectrometer has yielded the strained cyclohepta-2(Z),4(E)-dien-1-one, the PE spectrum of which was recorded for the first time.
	www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca /seminars/0203/chem.20030327.html (385 words)

	TransGenderCare.com : Electrolysis Guide : Treatment Methods
		Thermolysis was first put into practice in 1923, but did not become popular until the 1940s.
		All thermolysis equipment operates at a specific radio frequency approved by the FCC (Federal Communications Commission), since it is a type of radio device.
		With thermolysis treatment, high frequency radio energy is emitted (mostly) from the tip of the electrolysis needle, first inserted into the hair follicle.
	www.transgendercare.com /electrolysis/methods/overview_methods.htm (1334 words)

	T~80 Epilator ~ Tutorial - Hi-res
		Thermolysis is a method of hair removal by means of heat applied to the follicle and surrounding tissue.
		If the thermolysis energy level is too high, the hair may epilate more quickly but a high level of thermolysis dries out the follicle, leaving little to be converted into lye, and when this happens, you will be epilating by thermolysis, even if you think you are using the blend method.
		If the thermolysis level is too low, then the client may notice increased discomfort because the insertion times will be excessive and the thermolysis energy is contributing very little to the overall treatment.
	www.sofblend.com /electrol/tutorial.html (3011 words)

	Technical Program
		Thermolysis is conducted by heating the powder of precursor gold complexes, as a result the decomposition can proceed in the absence of organic solvent.
		These results support that thermolysis of gold(I) thiolate complexes causes reductive elimination of the thiolate ligand to reduce gold(I) to metallic gold(0) and to afford disulfide, accompanying the protection of gold nanoparticles with alkyl groups derived from the quarternary ammonium cation of the precursor complex.
		Particle size distributions of gold nanoparticles prepared by the thermolysis of those precursors at 180 °C for 8 h, respectively are strongly reflected by the difference of the alkyl chains on the benzene rings.
	www.cim.org /meetings/Abstract.cfm?PaperNum=902&ShowID=36 (1035 words)

	Hairfacts: Kligman, 1984 (thermolysis probe clinical study) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The histologic changes induced by thermolysis of hairs of the scalp and legs were studied by light microscopy.
		Two techniques were compared on opposite sides: conventional thermolysis (erroneously termed electrolysis) using bare needles and a newly designed precision epilator using an insulated, bulbous-tipped probe.
		Thermolysis generally did not immediately eliminate the papilla and hair matrix.
	www.hairfacts.com /medpubs/electro/kligman1.html (142 words)

	Advanced Electrolysis - Client Information
		Thermolysis causes heat resulting from friction, electrolysis is a chemical change in the tissue and the blend is a combination of both.
		Thermolysis, also called short-wave method, high frequency method, or diathermy, and destroys the hair follicle by heat or electrocoagulation.
		Additionally, treatment complications greatly increase with the use of flash (high intensity, short duration) thermolysis: the adverse result of pitted scarring seems to be greatest with flash thermolysis.
	www.advancedelectrolysis.ca /information.htm (1985 words)

	HAIRZAPPER - Electrolisis by Susan Laird
		Heating can be done by thermolysis and the placement of its operation in the overall treatment cycle can render the penetration of galvanic lye significant.
		In the case of thermolysis, the hair is ready to be removed.
		Also, set the thermolysis to pulse for no more than 1-1.5 seconds and allow it to occur at the very end of the treatment cycle, just after the galvanic has stopped.
	www.hairzapper.com /blend.html (746 words)

	TransGenderCare.com : Electrolysis Guide : Treatment Methods
		Thermolysis units do not require the use of a second electrode (which the patient would hold).
		Depending on the specific thermolysis method employed and the size of the follicle, treatment may last from less than one second’s duration to more than 15 seconds.
		Thermolysis provides the least effective method for treating thick, course hair, but is an acceptable way to treat very fine, shallow hair.
	www.transgendercare.com /electrolysis/methods/epilators.htm (735 words)

	Thermolysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Tigard, OR, 97223 Sherdonn Institute Of Electrolysis Thermolysis is...
		Thermolysis Information is available for review by students, teachers...
		I guess thermolysis is the same with the heat being derived without a...
	hair-removal.articlepop.com /thermolysis.php (144 words)

	HAIRZAPPER - Electrolisis by Susan Laird
		Thermolysis was devised and described as a hair removal technique by Dr. Bordier of Paris, France.
		I don't want to be accused of saying that thermolysis is not permanent, but don't worry, someone will do that for me. To further understand the nature of why thermolysis seems at the outset to not kill hair, we must go under the skin, to see how a philo-sebaceous unit works.
		The insidious thing about thermolysis is the fact, that the damage is often done long before either the client or the operator is aware of it.
	www.hairzapper.com /thermolysis.html (2329 words)

	John H. MacMillan Ph.D. Papers and Patents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The extent of beta-hydroxyolefin cleavage, which leads to formation of acrolein and allene, was independent of residence time in the thermolysis zone but increased with temperature, indicative of a higher activation energy than the competing rearrangement processes.
		The effects of alkyl, pH, and vinyl substituents, and relative rate comparisons with the reaction of analogous olefins, are in accord with a planar transition state for the participation of the triple bond.
		The co- thermolysis of hexa-1,5-dien-3-ol and 1 afforded a 1.65 rate ratio with a 0.13 mean deviation.
	members.aol.com /jhm/allabs.htm (1693 words)

	Electrolysis Hair Removal - Thermolysis, Blend,Electrolysis
		The main options that you have are thermolysis, electrolysis and what is known as the blend method.
		The heat generated by thermolysis is combined with the chemical transformation to ‘lye’ of electrolysis giving heated lye.
		Electrolysis, Thermolysis and Blend have been proven to be effective hair removal treatments.
	www.permanent-hair-removal-tips.com /articles/electrolysis_thermolysis_blend.htm (498 words)

	Hitachi to Develop Kiln-type Waste Thermolysis System
		The pilot plant is being constructed at the Hitachinaka City Clean Center in Ibaraki Prefecture with the support of Hitachinaka City.
		The thermolysis process is superior to conventional waste incineration methods in a number of ways, including its ability to reduce total CO2 by efficient utilization of waste energy, to lower dioxin generation, and to melt and solidify the residual ash.
		Plans call for the pilot thermolysis plant to be completed in 1998 and tested in 1999.
	www.hitachi.com /New/cnews/E/1998/980323B.html (498 words)

	permanent hair removal,unwanted hair,calgary electrolysis - About Face Electrolysis in Calgary, Alberta - Thermolysis
		Thermolysis allowed for much speedier treatments in each follicle and did not seem to be as painful as Galvanic Electrolysis.
		In spite of the speed at which clinicians could work using Thermolysis, electrologists were slow to accept the method in the 1920s and 30s because the machinery for creating high-frequency current was crude and cumbersome for use in hair removal.
		It was not until the 1940s that equipment became commercially available and thermolysis became a popular method of hair removal.
	www.electrolysiscalgary.ca /index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=22&Itemid=26 (372 words)

	Electrolysis, Thermolysis or the Blend Method \| Hair Removal Tips (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Thermolysis is a similar hair removal process that works by inserting a probe into a hair follicle.
		Combining the heating element of thermolysis with the molecular transformation produced from electrolysis creates heated lye and it's the heated lye that expedites the follicle base damage.
		Because these procedures involve the use of needles or probes, it's of utmost importance that properly sterilized equipment is used to reduce the risk of infection.
	www.hairremovaltips.net /treatments/electrolysis-thermolysis-or-the-blend-method.php (494 words)

	Article - Plastics recycling - Part 4 â“ The physicochemical recycling methods Solvent extraction, chemolysis, ...
		Thermolysis carried out in the presence of a controlled amount of oxygen can lead to a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen suitable for synthesis of methanol, acetic acid and so on.
		Thermolysis is performed at about 450°C with various catalysts such as iron oxyhydroxide, calcium carbonate, iron and calcium carbon composites.
		Bromine and chlorine have different behaviours during pure thermolysis; bromine is primarily concentrated (about 2000 ppm) in the C11 fraction and secondarily in C7, C10 and C12 fractions of oils; chlorine is concentrated (about 5000 ppm) principally in the C8 fraction and secondarily in C6 and C12 fractions.
	www.specialchem4polymers.com /resources/articles/article.aspx?id=2372 (2345 words)

	How Electrolysis Works (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Thermolysis is a method that uses a high frequency current to produce heat in the area influenced by the current.
		Two variations of thermolysis are "Flash" or "Automatic" thermolysis which uses a split second impulse of current and "Manual" thermolysis which requires several seconds at a lower intensity to achieve permanency.
		Thermolysis enhances the action of the galvanic method to produce a faster process.
	www.calpaclab.com /sunset/hew.html (373 words)

	Ask Tara Q & A \| Hair Removal \| Tara's Transgender Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Though it may be difficult to find an electrologist who does thermolysis (particularly on the west coast), it's usually worth it.
		Thermolysis (recommended) is a short burst, or multiple bursts, of intense heat.
		The bottom line is whether you choose the blend or thermolysis the success of your hair removal depends on the skill of your electrologist.
	users4.ev1.net /~taragem/asktara2.htm (1469 words)

	Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung \| Stuttgart
		Thermolysis of suitable polymers is a comparatively recent process for the production of new types of non-oxide ceramic materials based on silicon, boron, carbon and nitrogen.
		Contrary to classical powder technology and sintering, precursor thermolysis offers the opportunity to synthesise predominantly covalently bonded ceramics at relatively low temperatures and, notably, without using oxide additives which are known to lead to ionically bonded micro constituents and deteriorate the mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of such materials at high temperatures.
		Another focus of the ongoing research activities are investigations of the mechanisms of the condensation reactions during thermolysis and their structural features.
	aldix.mpi-stuttgart.mpg.de /aldinger/precursor_thermolysis_e.html (300 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The results of investigations of the kinetics and mechanisms of thermolysis of the main classes of organic peroxides in solution are generalised.
		The relationship between the kinetics and mechanism of thermolysis and the peroxide structure is analysed.
		The main attention is given to the decomposition reactions of peroxides that are not confined to mere homolysis of the O–O bond and the factors responsible for the abnormalities in the thermolysis mechanism.
	www.turpion.org /php/paper.phtml?journal_id=rc&paper_id=749 (123 words)

	Unbound MEDLINE \| Thermolysis of some transition metal nitrate complexes with 1,4-diamino butane ligand. Journal article
		Thermolysis of some transition metal nitrate complexes with 1,4-diamino butane ligand.
		The kinetics of the thermolysis at early stages is investigated using isothermal TG by applying model-fitting and isoconversional method.
		Thermolytic process is slow in inert (N(2)) and is fast in air atmosphere due to oxidative nature.
	www.unboundmedicine.com /medline/ebm/record/15943933/abstract/Thermolysis_of_some_transition_metal_nitrate_complexes_with_14_diamino_butane_ligand (154 words)

	RE: Innovative waste processing technologies - Thermolysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		There is one pilot plant at Dreux near Paris, one in Italy and 7 suppliers in Germany, a country reported to have frozen the construction of 10 MSW incinerators.
		Thermolysis is totally unheard of in the States, judging by the very small number of reactions to previous messages on the subject.
		ESR claims to have landed three orders from South-East Asia, that is one MSW thermolysis plant for Adelaide, Australia, another for Singapore to treat sewer waste, and yet another from Sarawak State in Borneo to convert wood waste - sawdust for instance - into activated carbon.
	lists.essential.org /1996/dioxin-l/msg00280.html (390 words)

	AfterImage Electrolysis - Types of Electrolysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Thermolysis is a method of destroying the tissue surrounding the hair follicle by means of heat.
		This heat is caused by the friction of vibrating water molecules.
		The Blend is a combination of Galvanic Electrolysis and Thermolysis used simultaneously or sequentially.
	www.afterimageelectrolysis.com /Types.htm (119 words)

	Hairchick.com - Blend Electrolysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Thermolysis was first widely used in the 1940s and many salons still use it.
		This method is not great for coarse hairs (such as those on the bikini line) and some experts have suggested that thermolysis electrolysis carries with it a slightly higher risk of skin damage.
		It is also more complicated than either thermolysis electrolysis or galvanic electrolysis, making it especially important to find a very qualified practitioner who has had plenty of training and practice.
	www.hairchick.com /permanent/blend-electrolysis.php (598 words)

	Thermo-LO - the worlds best "skin blender"
		This knob is used to adjust the Thermolysis output intensity.
		In the MANUAL (down) position, Thermolysis is applied as long as the pedal is depressed.
		An easy to use and economical Thermolysis (Short Wave) unit having surprisingly advanced features, the portable Thermo-Lo is ideal for either the beginning or experienced Professional.
	www.laserlaser.com /thermo-lo.html (338 words)

	publications
		A kinetic study of the gas-phase thermolysis of tetraborane(10).
		Kinetics and mechanism of the thermolysis and photolysis of binary boranes.
		A kinetic study of the gas-phase thermolysis of pentaborane(11).
	www.chem.leeds.ac.uk /boronweb/greatrex/publications.htm (953 words)

	The History of Electrolysis
		Dr. Henri Bordier, of Lyon, France, developed the method of thermolysis (also called short-wave, diathermy, high-frequency etc.) Medical literature of this period indicates that thermolysis was probably attempted as far back as 1910, in Germany by Dr. Eitner.
		Thermolysis became more widespread with the use of the simplified and more consistently reliable vacuum tube machines.
		Hinkel formalized the concept of intensity x duration = units of lye (treatment energy), which is fundamental to a better understanding of electrolysis.
	www.zapahair.com /pages/article_03.html (536 words)

	Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The three primary methods of electrolysis are true electrolysis (also called galvanic), thermolysis and blend.
		Thermolysis uses a small alternating current to heat the area around the dermal papillae.
		Blend is a combination of electrolysis and thermolysis.
	www.electrolysisbyrosemary.com /information.htm (298 words)

	Susan's Place Transgender Resources for Transsexuals and Crossdressers: Library: Electrolysis
		The most common method practiced today is a form of RF Thermolysis known as FLASH Thermolysis and is popular due to the fact that its speed (in a "flash") of destroying the hair "germ" cells enables more hair to be removed per session, thus making it the most cost-effective method.
		The other method of thermolysis is "slow" thermolysis and may be administered by automatic timer or manual controlled duration of a relatively low intensity voltage (usually 10 to 40 VRMS) for from 1 to 3 seconds with the higher intensity settings and from 5 to as much as 20 seconds using lower intensities.
		It is also often necessary, due to the amount of lye left in the skin after treatment with the blend method, to neutralize that lye in order to prevent any long term damage to the skin and discomfort after the session.
	www.susans.org /reference/electro/electrol.html (1325 words)

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