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Topic: Thermophilic bacteria

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	Thermophilic collagenases, thermophilic bacteria capable of producing thermophilic collagenases, and process for ...
		A process for producing thermophilic collagenase, which comprises aerobically cultivating a thermophilic collagenase-producing thermophilic bacterium in a culture medium therefor, said thermophilic collagenase-producing thermophilic bacterium being a thermophilic bacterium of the genus Bacillus which grows at a temperature of 42.degree.
		The bacteria of the genus Clostridium are pathogenic bacteria which cause gaseous edema, tetanus, etc., and the method using these bacteria is very dangerous to health.
		In particular, collagenases obtained by the cultivation of aerobic and thermophilic collagenase-producing bacteria of the genus Bacillus have an optimal growth temperature in a high temperature region and exhibit excellent enzymatic activities unlike conventional collagenases produced by bacteria of the genus Clostridium.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4315988.html (4267 words)

	weblife.org: Humanure Handbook: Chapter 3: Thermophilic Microorganisms
		Thermophilic bacteria occur naturally in hot springs, tropical soils, compost heaps, in your excrement, in hot water heaters (both domestic and industrial), and in your garbage, to name a few places.
		Thermophilic bacteria were first isolated in 1879 by Miquel, who found bacteria capable of developing at 72°C (162°F).
		A trillion bacteria is equivalent to the entire human population of the Earth multiplied by 166, and all squeezed into a gram of organic material.
	www.weblife.org /humanure/chapter3_8.html (998 words)

	The Science of Composting - Composting for the Homeowner - University of Illinois Extension
		Bacteria utilize carbon as a source of energy (to keep on eating) and nitrogen to build protein in their bodies (so they can grow and reproduce).
		Thermophilic bacteria thrive at temperatures ranging from 113º to 160º F. Thermophilic bacteria continue the decomposition process, raising the pile temperature 130º to 160º F, where it usually stabilizes.
		Thermophilic bacteria use up too much of the degradable materials to sustain their population for any length of time.
	web.extension.uiuc.edu /homecompost/science.html (3139 words)

	Bacteria
		Bacteria are the smallest living organisms and the most numerous in compost; they make up 80 to 90% of the billions of microorganisms typically found in a gram of compost.
		Bacteria are responsible for most of the decomposition and heat generation in compost.
		Psychrophilic bacteria (a group of bacteria species that work in the lowest temperature range) do their best work at about 13°C (55°F), but they are able to carry on right down to -20°C (0°F).
	www.happydranch.com /invertebrates/bacteria.html (737 words)

	Sewage treatment tank biological components and bacteria
		Bacteria have the ability to reproduce rapidly when in intimate contact with their nutrient material (e.g., wastes) and feed readily by taking in food directly through their cell wall.
		Parasitic bacteria are those which normally live off of another living organism, known as the host, since they require a food supply already prepared for their consumption, and generally do not develop outside the body of the host.
		The saprophytic bacteria are those which feed on dead organic matter, thus decomposing organic solids to obtain their needed nourishment, and producing in turn waste substances which consist of both organic and inorganic solids.
	www.biotank.co.uk /sewage-bacteria.htm (1603 words)

	Teagasc - Project Report - 4426 - Influence of Enterococci and Thermophilic Starter Bacteria on Cheddar Cheese Flavour
		When selected strains of thermophilic lactic acid bacteria, considered to have good flavouring potential in cheese ripening, were added (as starter adjuncts) with the normal starter cultures in controlled Cheddar cheese manufacture it was found that their addition did affect flavour in the ripening cheese, but not beneficially in all cases.
		On the other hand, thermophilic lactic acid strains are phage unrelated to conventional starter and thus would not lead to the introduction of starter specific phage into the cheese plant.
		Lactococci and non-starter lactic acid bacteria were generally found not to grow on this medium and those strains which did grow did not develop a typical colony morphology and thus could be distinguished from enterococci.
	www.teagasc.ie /research/reports/dairyproduction/4426/eopr-4426.htm (1491 words)

	Chapter 1
		Mesophilic (low temperature 50-115°F) bacteria are characteristically predominant at the start and in the early part of the process, soon giving way to thermophilic (high temperature 110-150+°F) bacteria which inhabit all parts of the stack where the temperature is satisfactory, eventually most of the stack.
		The thermophilic actinomycetes and fungi have been found to grow at temperatures between 120° and 150°F. Frequent turning--such as is sometimes necessary for fly control--inhibits their growth, since the cooler outer shell is turned into the interior before they can develop in large numbers.
		The reason bacteria tend to die rapidly as actinomycete populations grow in the compost pile is that actinomycetes have the ability to produce antibiotics, chemical substances that inhibit bacterial growth.
	aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu /extension/compost/chapter1.html (5727 words)

	Compost Fundamentals Biology & Chemistry - Organisms Involved
		Mesophilic (low temperature) bacteria are characteristically predominant in the start of the process, soon giving way to thermophilic (high temperature) bacteria, which inhabit all parts of the stack where the temperature is satisfactory; this is eventually, most of the stack.
		Thermophilic fungi usually appear after 5 to 10 days and actinomycetes become conspicuous in the final stages when short duration, rapid composting is practiced.
		The sharply defined inner and outer limits of the shell (in which actinomycetes and fungi grow during the high temperature active-composting period) are due to the inability of these organisms to grow at the higher temperatures of the interior of the stack.
	whatcom.wsu.edu /ag/compost/fundamentals/biology_involved.htm (864 words)

	PathCon Laboratories
		For the quantification of bacteria and fungi in air, it is required that the sampler be calibrated to provide an accurate measurement of flow rate.
		The 3 most predominant genera of bacteria are identified to aid in determining the probable source of possible bacterial amplification.
		Bacteria cultured on blood agar incubated at 35°C. Blood agar is designed to culture human-associated bacteria, but environmental bacteria may also grow on it.
	www.osha.gov /SLTC/indoorairquality/pathcon.html (1489 words)

	weblife.org: Humanure Handbook: Chapter 3: Compost Biodiversity
		Although considered bacteria, actinomycetes are effectively intermediate between bacteria and fungi because they look similar to fungi and have similar nutritional preferences and growth habits.
		For example, when bacteria were grown both in an incubator and separately in compost at 50°C, they died in the compost after only seven days, but lived in the incubator for seventeen days.
		There is no doubt that the heat produced by thermophilic bacteria kills pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, bacteria, protozoa, worms and eggs that may inhabit humanure.
	www.weblife.org /humanure/chapter3_10.html (1668 words)

	Attracted to thermophilic bacteria - From the mechanism for the thermostability of proteins to the origin of life - - ...
		Oshima found that the thermostability of transfer RNA in thermophilic bacteria is caused by a slight difference in the base pairs, his interest shifted to modifying proteins to increase thermostability.
		Thermophilic bacteria are a key to the birth of living organisms in the primordial earth.
		Thermophilic bacteria are used in many fields because of their thermostability.
	www.nanonet.go.jp /english/mailmag/2005/052a.html (967 words)

	Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Bacteria have such unusual characteristics as the targeting of specific organs of the body or attaching themselves to tissues to prevent being washed away.
		Bacteria have the ability to produce organic matter from inorganic material by means of chemical energy (chemo synthesize).
		Bacteria are classified in a hierarchy of categories which include families, genera, species, etc. Special characteristics then determine a further breakdown in their categories including shape, size, structure, chemical activity, types of nutrients needed, the energy used, the environment needed for growth, and their reaction to certain dyes.
	www.innvista.com /health/microbes/bacteria/intro.htm (1735 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In Bacteria, RNase P is composed of a ~400nt RNA and a relatively small (14Kd) protein.
		It is thought that the ancestor of the Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya was thermophilic, and that life may have originated at temperatures we now consider to be high.
		Thermophilicity in modern organisms is therefore thought to be "ancestral" (primitive) in some cases and "recent" (derived) in others.
	www.mbio.ncsu.edu /JWB/abstracts/CSH92.html (526 words)

	Compost Microorganisms
		Bacteria are single-celled and structured as either rod-shaped bacilli, sphere-shaped cocci or spiral-shaped spirilla.
		Other places where thermophilic conditions exist in nature include deep sea thermal vents, manure droppings, and accumulations of decomposing vegetation that have the right conditions to heat up just as they would in a compost pile.
		Some species appear during the thermophilic phase, and others become important during the cooler curing phase, when only the most resistant compounds remain in the last stages of the formation of humus.
	compost.css.cornell.edu /microorg.html (1007 words)

	The Christian B. Anfinsen Papers: Interferon and Thermophilic Bacteria, 1973-1995
		And to a certain extent, investigating the chemical composition of these remarkable microorganisms was a return to his study of the biochemistry of the malarial parasite Plasmodium knowlesi in the early 1940s.
		He imagined that biochemists could use these thermophilic bacteria for practical applications, just as he imagined interferon could be a potential breakthrough for cancer patients.
		At the time of his death in May 1995, he was working on a project sponsored by the National Science Foundation to create enzymes from thermophilic bacteria that were powerful enough to detoxify contaminants, pollutants, and nuclear wastes in the world's oceans.
	profiles.nlm.nih.gov /KK/Views/Exhibit/narrative/interferon.html (478 words)

	Extreme Purine-Loading of RNA in Thermophilic Bacteria
		For the thermophiles the index is simply the sum of the four absolute Chargaff differences, since the transcription rule is followed in each of the four cases.
		Thermophilic bacteria appear particularly susceptible to this force, so that in these organisms the pressure to purine-load RNA may have been powerful enough to affect choice both of synonymous and of non-synonymous codons.
		In thermophiles, an increase in the proportion of glutamic acid (
	post.queensu.ca /~forsdyke/thermo01.htm (4212 words)

	Thermophilic Bacteria
		The main examples are mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria, and fungi.
		Thermophilic bacteria function in sewage treatment principally in high temperature digestion of sludge solids.
		This natural heat further encourages the rapid growth of more thermophilic bacteria, until all of the original organic material is digested and broken-down into a stabilized and homogenized nutrient...
	www.planet-lemmy.de /thermophilicbacteria-66526.html (223 words)

	Diversa Combs Globe Looking For Profitable Microbes
		Enzymes from the single-celled bacteria that live in extreme environments should, says Stein, be able to withstand both the harsh conditions in industrial plants and the wear and tear of everday use by consumers.
		Thermophilic enzymes are useful for hospitals that wash at high temperatures for sterilization purposes; psychrophilic enzymes can be used in room-temperature washing detergents.
		The two best sources of thermophilic bacteria are where the heat of the earth's interior comes to the surface: deep-sea vents, and geothermal pools.
	www.accessexcellence.org /AB/BA/1297xtremo.html (1599 words)

	:: BIBLIOGRAPHIE • 1996 ::
		A variety of autotrophic, sulfur- and hydrogen-oxidizing thermophilic bacteria were isolated from thermogenic composts at temperatures of 60-80° C. All were penicillin G sensitive, which proves that they belong to the Bacteria domain.
		Heterotrophic, ovalspore-forming, thermophilic bacilli were also isolated from hot composts, but none of the isolates was able to grow at temperatures above 70 degrees C. This is the first report of hot composts as habitats for a high number of thermophilic bacteria related to thegenus Thermus.
		Research is carried out at our laboratory concerning the isolation and characterization of thermophilic bacteria active during the hot phase, as well as mesophilic bacteria active during the maturation phase of the composting process.
	www.unine.ch /bota/lamun/fr/bibliographie/1996.html (1685 words)

	Dr. Hugh Morgan
		I'll be trying to isolate thermophilic bacteria which are resistant to heavy metals, which are normally regarded as toxic to most organisms.
		One long-term possibility is that we might be able to use thermophilic bacteria to treat the waste water to remove heavy metals — so finding resistant organisms would be the first step to be able to do this.
		There is some evidence that thermophilic bacteria contribute to this by acting as nucleating agents, and we want to understand this process better.
	www.ocean.udel.edu /extreme2002/Mission/crew/morgan.html (588 words)

	Lagoon Biology
		These bacteria are strict aerobes and require a redox potential of at least +200 m V (Holt et al., 1994).
		Anaerobic, heterotrophic bacteria that commonly occur in lagoons are involved in methane formation (acid-fonning and methane bacteria) and in sulfate reduction (sulfate reducing bacteria).
		Blue-green bacteria appear to be favored by poor growth conditions including high temperature, low light, low nutrient availability (many fix nitrogen) and high predation pressure.
	www.lagoonsonline.com /biology.htm (1764 words)

	Bacteria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Thermophilic is active for only 4 to 7 days unless fed new material or turned at strategic times, yet it is the most dynamic producer of deep brown compost for soil enrichment.
		Thermophilic microbes also generate enough heat to kill weed seeds and diseases not wanted in gardens.
		Again, bacteria do not have to be added to the pile because they are already present on all organic matter.
	lockwoodwebs.com /composting/link4.html (412 words)

	IngentaConnect Use of Thermophilic Bacteria for Bioremediation of Petroleum Cont... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Several strains of thermophilic bacteria were isolated from the environment of the United Arab Emirates.
		These bacteria show extraordinary resistance to heat and have their maximum growth rate around 60 80 C. This article investigates the potential of using these facultative bacteria for both in situ and ex situ bioremediation of petroleum contaminants.
		These bacteria were found to be ideal for breaking down long-chain organic molecules at a temperature of 40 C, which is the typical ambient temperature of the Persian Gulf region.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/tandf/ueso/1999/00000021/00000001/art00003 (318 words)

	Phylogenetic analysis of anaerobic thermophilic bacteria: aid for their reclassification. -- Rainey et al. 175 (15): ...
		Phylogenetic analysis of anaerobic thermophilic bacteria: aid for their reclassification.
		nov., a slightly halophilic and moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from an Atlantic deep-sea hydrothermal chimney.
		Properties and gene structure of a bifunctional cellulolytic enzyme (CelA) from the extreme thermophile 'Anaerocellum thermophilum' with separate glycosyl hydrolase family 9 and 48 catalytic domains.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/175/15/4772 (467 words)

	Digitalseed: Bacteria
		Bacteria are the smallest living organisms and the most numerous in compost; they make up 80 to 90% of the billions of microorganisms typically found in a gram of compost.
		Bacteria don't have to be added to the compost pile.
		Many types of bacteria are at work in the compost pile.
	www.digitalseed.com /composter/biology/bacteria.html (291 words)

	Bacteria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Thermophilic is active for only 4 to 7 days unless fed new material or turned at strategic times, yet it is the most dynamic producer of deep brown compost for soil enrichment.
		Thermophilic microbes also generate enough heat to kill weed seeds and diseases not wanted in gardens.
		Again, bacteria do not have to be added to the pile because they are already present on all organic matter.
	www.lockwoodwebs.com /composting/link4.html (412 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Comparative genomics of Thermus thermophilusand Deinococcus radiodurans: divergent routes ...
		Other distinctions between thermophilic and mesophilic proteins might be due to differences in their structural properties, such as different amino acid compositions, loop lengths, number of salt bridges, strength of hydrophobic interaction, number of disulfide bonds, and other features [18-25].
		It is well-established that HGT has made major contributions to the gene repertoires of most thermophilic bacteria as supported by the presence of numerous genes with unexpectedly high similarity to and/or phylogenetic affinity with genes typical of hyperthermophilic archaea [56-60].
		These cases include even those proteins that have orthologs in mesophilic bacteria but, as shown by phylogenetic analysis, have clear affinity to archaea or thermophilic bacteria from distant bacterial lineages, which is indicative of XGD [57].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2148/5/57 (8318 words)

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