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Topic: Thermosets

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Thermosetting plastic

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	thermosets on Encyclopedia.com
		Thermosets are usually supplied as partially polymerized or as monomer-polymer mixtures.
		Characteristics of antiplasticized thermosets: effects of network architecture and additive chemistry on mechanical fortification.
		Thermosets in the '90s: plenty of them yet.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/t1/thermose.asp (295 words)

	Thermosetting plastic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thermosetting plastics (thermosets) refer to a range of polymer materials that once cured do not flow, or melt, when heated.
		This is what is referred to as the "curing process." Thermoset materials are usually liquid or malleable prior to curing, and designed to be molded into their final form, or used as adhesive.
		Thermoset polymer resins can be transformed into plastics or rubbers by cross-linking.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thermoset (265 words)

	Injection Molding Magazine
		And yet thermosets were the first synthetic polymers and still account for between 12 to 15 percent of the plastic consumed globally.
		Thermoset processing is thought of by many as a low-tech activity that takes place on ancient equipment in dungeon-like settings.
		Thermoset materials were doomed to a long, slow decline in volume that would eventually leave only niche applications for a limited supplier base.
	www.immnet.com /articles?article=965 (1845 words)

	Monitoring of Curing Reaction of Polycondensating Thermosets at Press and Injection Moulding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Plastics may be roughly divided into two classes: thermoplastics moulded in the molten state, thermosets being chemically reactive and cure in the moulding process by crosslinking.
		Thermosets are widely used for their low price and sometimes outstanding mechanical and electrical properties, especially at high temperatures.
		To prepare samples for mechanical and electrical preliminary investigations, the granulate was plastified (without precuring) in the range of 70 to 90 °C in an extruder and moulded as 100 mm long cylinder of 40 mm diameter.
	www.ndt.net /article/ecndt98/material/141/141.htm (2129 words)

	Analysis of Thermoset Materials, Precursors and Products
		Thermosets are used in a wide range of applications from moldings and composites to adhesives.
		Analysis of thermosets is carried out to determine the reasons for failure, for quality control, to measure residual monomer, to detect contaminants, to monitor the extent of cure and for deformulation.
		Materials based on thermosets present the analyst with considerable challenges due to their complexity and the wide range of polymer types and additives available.
	www.chemtec.org /books/rap/rap_155.html (474 words)

	Thermosetting epoxy resin compositions and thermosets therefrom - Patent 4822832
		The thermosetting compositions comprise a polyepoxide component, an amine hardner and a specified amount of certain aromatic oligomers containing functional groups which are reactive with the polyepoxide and/or hardener under curing conditions for the composition.
		The invention also relates to thermosets of the crosslinked epoxy resin composition, to prepregs comprising the epoxy resin composition and high strength filaments or fibers and to composites comprising the crosslinked epoxy composition and high strength filaments or fibers.
		The hardener is present in the composition in an amount sufficient to crosslink or cure the composition into a thermoset and preferably is present in an amount which provides from 0.8 to 1.5 equivalents and more preferably from 0.8 to 1.2 equivalents of active hydrogen atoms per one equivalent of epoxide groups in the composition.
	freepatentsonline.com /4822832.html (9338 words)

	Why a Thermoset? — Bowitt Products, Inc
		Thermosets are very different than the standard thermoplastics that you may be used to.
		Thermoset materials undergo a permanent chemical reaction during the molding process called curing.
		Thermosets, once cured, can not be transformed into another shape, their chemistry has been permanently altered.
	www.bowitt.com /knowledge-center/Thermosets (127 words)

	Custom Designed & Engineered Plastic Molded Products & Mechanical Components
		Thermoset plastics, on the other hand, react during processing to form crosslinked structures that c ann ot be remelted and reprocessed.
		Thermoset polyimides are produced in condensation polymers that possess reactive terminal groups capable of subsequent cross-linking through an addition reaction.
		Their versatility also extends to chemical structure in that, although the urethanes are generally considered to be thermosets, there are grades of urethane elastomers that are thermoplastic in nature and are supplied in pellet form for molding, calendering and extrusion.
	www.thefedgroup.com /plastic_injection.htm (6158 words)

	Materials by Design: Thermosets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Thermoset polymers have covalent bonds linking the polymer chains in three dimensions.
		The polymer chains in thermosets are below their glass transition at room temperature, making them glassy.
		Thermosets are formed from thermoplastic polymer chains which are then covalently bonded to each other in a process known as crosslinking.
	www.mse.cornell.edu /courses/engri111/thermose.htm (153 words)

	modplas.com
		Thermosets represent the older generation of plastics on the market today.
		The blame for neglecting thermosets can be laid, to a great extent, at the feet of continual developments and improvements made in thermoplastics.
		Especially in the automotive sector, thermosets are far too often not even given a fleeting consideration.
	www.modplas.com /inc/mparticle.php?section=asiseeit&thefilename=asiseeit01012004_01 (600 words)

	British Plastics & Rubber: Thermosets add an extra dimension to two component injection moulding. (Thermosets).@ ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Two-component injection moulding in which a thermoplastic is injected in the same cycle as a thermoplastic being explored by Krauss-Maffei, which has built a two-component machine in association with the Technical University of Iserlohn.
		Earlier this year K-M hosted a seminar on thermosets at its Munich plant where the machine was demonstrated making thick-walled pan handles.
		In this process the thermoset component was injected first, and then the thermoplastic injected into the still-plastic core of the thermoset, the heat from the thermoplastic accelerating the cure of the...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:83795480&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (218 words)

	Search Results for thermoset - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Thermosetting polymers find only limited application in medicine, but their characteristic properties, which combine high strength and chemical resistance, are useful for some orthopedic and dental...
		Rigid thermoplastics and thermosets can be machined by conventional processes such as drilling, sawing, turning on a lathe, sanding, and other operations.
		Thermosets are solidified by irreversible chemical reactions, in which the molecules in the polymer “cross-link,” or form connected chains.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=thermoset&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (353 words)

	Dr. F. Parodi - technical notes: #1 (specialty isocyanate-epoxy FPR resins)
		These hard, moderate-cost thermosets are further characterized by: 1) a superior hydrolytic, solvent and chemical resistance; 2) an intrinsic flame resistance; 3) outstanding adhesion to mineral glasses, ceramics and metals.
		For applications requiring thermosets with a superior thermal and chemical performance level: recommended for high continuous-service temperatures, uses in strongly oxidizing and/or chemically aggressive environments, implying stressing wet/dry and/or warm/cold cycles, etc.
		For applications requiring thermosets with a premium thermal, chemical and dielectric performance spectrum: ideal for high-temperature structural composites for heavy-duty automotive parts, industrial constructions and appliances, aerospace-grade composites, high dielectric strength electric insulators for high-voltage/high-temperature uses, etc.
	www.fpchem.com /fap_6a1-en.html (1806 words)

	JMM_Thermosets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A thermosetting resin is one that crosslinks irreversibly to a 3-dimensional network under the influence of heat and catalysis.
		Manufacture of a thermoset composite requires that the mould or die that is used to shape the product be filled completely with the precursors prior to gelation.
		Traditional manufacture of thermoset composites takes place in a temperature controlled (typically, steel) mould or die (which, in essence becomes a chemical reactor), and the dominant mechanism for heat transfer is by conduction through the precursors.
	www.me.umist.ac.uk /Staffpgs/jmmd/tsets.htm (202 words)

	modplas.com
		Thermosets were the first plastics to start nudging metals out of the market, thanks to their superior corrosion and chemical resistance.
		He notes the ease with which thermosets can be molded into different shapes and colors, enabling high-end cosmetic firms to use closures as part of their product differentiation strategy.
		Thermoset closures have more heft than thermoplastic ones, providing the upscale look and feel consumers desire, and they match well with the glass containers still dominant in the high-priced personal care market.
	www.modplas.com /inc/mparticle.php?section=worldtour&thefilename=worldtour01012004_10 (546 words)

	Dr. F. Parodi - web paper #2 (high-performance isocyanate-epoxy resins)
		Despite that, the infusibility and insolubility of thermosets, representing per se a severe obstacle to recycling, are precisely premium attributes making cross-linked resins still nowadays and for a reasonably long future materials not replaceable for a broad variety of qualified purposes:
		The high thermal and thermo-mechanical properties, and the good fire resistance, proper to thermoset materials deriving from high-performance resins are strictly linked to their own chemical structure, based on, or including considerable fractions of, sulfonyl groups –SO and/or (hetero)cyclic and (hetero)polycyclic structures (a variety of which is given in Scheme 1).
		More specifically, the kinetics of each reaction of Scheme 3 is influenced at a profoundly different extent by a multitude of catalytic and co-catalytic substances (either intentionally added or present as impurities or by-products), by the concentration ratio between reactive species (isocyanates and epoxides), and, greatly, by temperature and thermal history.
	www.fpchem.com /fap_5b-en.html (3311 words)

	Urea and Melamine Thermosets ( UF , MF Plastics ) from Perstorp
		Perstorp's thermoset plastics are amino molding compounds composed of urea formaldehyde (UF) and melamine formaldehyde (MF).
		Perstorp's melamine thermoset plastics are similar to our urea molding compounds, but melamine has even better resistance to heat, chemicals, moisture, electricity and scratching.
		Perstorp's melamine thermosets are approved for contact with foodstuffs, and they do not affect the food's flavor - even at high temperatures.
	www.thermosets.com /thermosets.html (412 words)

	Plastic Facts: thermoplastics, thermosets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The applications for plastics are almost limitless, as evidenced by their increasing use in automotive components from consoles to bumper bars.
		Examples of thermosets are plastic laminate benchtops and fibre glass reinforced polyester resins used for boats.
		Steering wheels, headrests and armrests are termed "reaction injection" moulded (RIM) plastics and come under the category of thermosets.
	www.newlifevinyl.com.au /pages/plasticsfaqs.html (259 words)

	Types of plastics
		On the basis of their physical characteristics, plastics are usually divided into thermosets, elastomers and thermoplastics.
		Thermosets are hard and have a very tight-meshed, branched molecular structure.
		Thermosets are used, for example, to make light switches.
	www.tis-gdv.de /tis_e/verpack/kunststo/arten/arten.htm (224 words)

	molders plastic thermosets on GlobalSpec (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Thermosets and Thermoset Materials (249 companies) materials are used in optical and photonics applications and in mold and tooling fabrication.
		Thermosets and thermoset materials are based on a variety of chemical systems.
		Thermoset plastics and thermoset resins are crosslinked polymers that are cured with heat or heat and pressure.
	www.globalspec.com /industrial-directory/Molders_Plastic_Thermosets (1403 words)

	FB8 - 0808.006
		The thermosets will consist of microscopic frozen nematic (smectic) domains which are internally anisotropic whereas the domains are randomly oriented and give a macroscopically isotropic material.
		Investigation of phase behaviour and morphology as a function of structure and extent of reaction as well as determination of relevant mechanical properties of the thermosets will be done parallel to the progress in the synthesis.
		These vovel thermosets are expected to combine the advantages of LC-thermoplastics with the inherent properties of chemically crosslinked thermosets.
	www.uni-siegen.de /research/berichte/text95/fb8111.htm (233 words)

	On-line Process Monitoring of Thermosets by Ultrasonic Methods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This is an important factor in processing control particularly for thermosetting polymers which undergo a chemical cross-linking reaction (curing) with the application of heat e.g.
		The measuring equipment used monitors the evolution of mechanical properties in the thermoset during curing.
		A thermoset was investigated at first with longitudinal wave sensors and then with transversal wave sensors (Fig.6).
	www.ndt.net /article/ecndt98/material/159/159.htm (1363 words)

	Close Up on Technology - Thermosets - July 2003
		Noryl ETX-based thermosets are potential candidates for replacing metal and RTM composites in windmill blades.
		A novel thermoset resin based on polyphenylene oxide (PPO) chemistry was unveiled last month at the NPE show by GE Plastics.
		Potentially, Noryl ETX thermosets could also carve roles in capacitors and circuit breakers as a replacement for porcelain and epoxies.
	www.plasticstechnology.com /articles/200307cu3.html (634 words)

	Mold making Technical Resources. How-to, Glossary, FAQ, molding & casting advice for plastics & rubbers.
		Thermosets, however, are formed into a net shape and "set" in place through a chemical reaction.
		More commonly, thermosets are comprised of two-component systems that will react with each other upon contact.
		Thermosets are the only type of plastic material that Eager Plastics carries.
	www.eagerplastics.com /intro.htm (1083 words)

	CCCE - Plastics Training - Thermoset Materials and Processes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Anyone desiring a better understanding of when thermoset materials should be considered, which materials are available, or the types of processes used to convert them to finished parts should attend this seminar.
		Since that time, the explosion in thermoplastic materials has swept the thermoset industry into a corner that occupies less than 15% of the market.
		Yet thermosets retain a unique set of capabilities that are often ignored or only used after thermoplastic materials have failed.
	www.pserie.psu.edu /cde/pt/thermosets.htm (227 words)

	Raman Thermosets P LtdDisclaimer
		Raman Thermosets P Ltd does not warrant that functions contained on this site will be uninterrupted or error-free, that defects will be corrected, or that this site or the server are free of viruses or other harmful components.
		Raman Thermosets P Ltd does not warrant or represent the use of the materials on this site in terms of their correctness, accuracy, reliability, or otherwise.
		Raman Thermosets P Ltd makes no representation or warranty regarding the standing, credit or otherwise of any person, firm or company mentioned in the information, nor the suitability of the information for any purpose.
	snsvo2.seekandsource.com /ramanthermosets/disclaimer.html (245 words)

	Multiphase epoxy thermosets having rubber within disperse phase - Patent 4680076
		A thermoset in accordance with claim 1, wherein said discontinuous phase constitutes between about 45% and about 55% of the total volume of the discontinuous and continuous phases and said rubber phase comprises about 10-90% of said discontinuous phase.
		A thermoset in accordance with claim 1, wherein said discontinuous phase comprises domains having a largest dimension of between about 0.1 and 50 microns.
		This invention relates to epoxy thermosets, including composites thereof, and more particularly to a resin morphology in these thermosets that is associated with exceptional toughness and high peel strength levels relative to the Tg of the thermosets.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4680076.html (4463 words)

	Close Up on Technology - Injection Molding - May 2003
		The first gas-assist injection molding process for thermosets, and the use of gas assist for molding smaller parts were two new areas explored in papers presented at the 13th International Molding Conference and Exhibit held in February in New Orleans.
		The push of thermoplastics into these markets where thermosets are replacing metal is occurring even though thermosets are lower in price and deliver higher rigidity and heat resistance, says Len Nunnery, corporate quality director for Bulk Molding Compounds Inc. (BMCI), a supplier of thermoset BMC compounds.
		Initial trials showed that thermoset BMC is too viscous to be “inflated” by gas in the manner of thermoplastics.
	www.plasticstechnology.com /articles/200305cu2.html (1179 words)

	Development of characterisation methods for processing of thermosets
		The processing of thermoset polymers is very important for the properties.
		Three thermosets have been tested, polyester, vinyl ester and epoxy.
		Methods for the use of the solid fixture at SICOMP for testing on thermosets have been developed with the help of existing standards for measurements on viscoelastic materials.
	epubl.luth.se /1402-1617/2003/052 (251 words)

	KiON Corporation: Technical Papers: Polysilazane Thermosets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Polysilazane Thermosets as Precursors for Silicon Carbide and Silicon Nitride
		This paper discusses the development of thermosetting preceramic polymers, emphasizing peroxide-curable polysilazanes.
		Vinyl-substituted polysilazanes may be readily thermoset with peroxide initiators.
	www.kioncorp.com /techpapers/thermosets.html (78 words)

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