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	Thin film - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thin films are material layers of about 1 µm thickness.
		Ceramic thin films are also in wide use.
		However, thin films have had to be developed using new semiconductor materials, including amorphous silicon, copper indium diselenide, cadmium telluride and film crystalline silicon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thin_film (215 words)

	Thin film - ArticleWorld
		Thin films are layers of ferromagnetic, semiconductor or ceramic materials not more than 1μm thick which are used in a number of applications like electronics and optics.
		Thin films are deposited onto substrate material or onto layers of materials that have been previously deposited by a number of modern techniques.
		Thin film technology is also applied in the new field of nanotechnology, which may require the deposition of layers of materials atom by atom.
	www.articleworld.org /index.php/Thin_film (466 words)

	Thin-film inductive heads
		Film heads were seen to offer a number of characteristics different from those of existing ferrite heads, but there was uncertainty about which of these were solving critical problems, and which type offered performance improvements that were highly desirable but unobtainable with existing heads.
		A further complication was the strong dependency of film composition on plating current density, where the ratio of iron to nickel increased steeply with increasing current density to a maximum, thereafter declining with further increase in current.
		Adequate control of film composition was achieved by plating at currents near the maximum in iron-to-nickel ratio, where the composition is least sensitive to current variation, adjusting the plating bath parameters so that this maximum occurs at a low current density, and by effective agitation of the plating bath.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/rd/403/chiu.html (7735 words)

	Solar Energy Technologies Program: Polycrystalline Thin Film
		The "thin film" term comes from the method used to deposit the film, not from the thinness of the film: thin-film cells are deposited in very thin, consecutive layers of atoms, molecules, or ions.
		Thin films are unlike single-crystal silicon cells, which must be individually interconnected into a module.
		As with other thin films, advantages include the savings of material, monolithic device design, use of inexpensive substrates, and manufacturing processes that are low temperature and possible over large areas.
	www1.eere.energy.gov /solar/tf_polycrystalline.html (1099 words)

	[No title]
		Thin film memory consists of a ferromagnetic material, permalloy, deposited (under controlled conditions in a vacuum chamber) on a substrate of thin glass.
		The film spots thus become easier to magnetize in a direction parallel to that in which the magnetic field was applied during the deposition process.
		Thin film materials are well suited for storing binary data since they have a stable state of magnetization in each direction parallel to the preferred axis.
	ed-thelen.org /comp-hist/navy-thin-film-memory-desc.html (932 words)

	Thin Film R&D (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In this respect, the Thin Film Group works to provide innovative solutions to manufacturing and technical issues in addition to exploring the science and technology of future generations of devices and components in areas such as thin film chalcopyrite solar cells and lithium polymer batteries.
		In the case of low temperature spray chemical vapor deposition, the utilization of a single-source precursor (i.e., containing copper, indium and sulfur) for stoichiometric thin films onto suitable light-weight substrates of choice is being assessed.
		The anode is produced by either placing a thin lithium metal foil in contact with the metallized Kapton or by thermally evaporating a lithium thin-film on the metallized Kapton.
	powerweb.grc.nasa.gov /pvsee/programs/thinfilm/tfg_thinfilm.html (1084 words)

	Thin Film Centre
		Thin films are atomically engineered layers of a wide variety of materials including metals, insulators and semiconductors.
		The major applications of thin films are in modification of the surface properties of solids.
		Thin film coatings also have unique properties that may be exploited in the polarization, reflection, transmission and absorption of light.
	www.thinfilmcentre.co.uk (252 words)

	Thin Film
		Thin film is the term used to describe a technique for depositing passive circuit elements on an insulating substrate with coating to a thickness of 0.0001 centimeter.
		This process leaves a thin, uniform film of the deposition material on all parts of the wafers exposed by the open portions of the mask.
		A thick film is a film of material with a thickness that is at least 10 times greater than the mean free path of an electron in that material, or approximately 0.001 centimeter.
	www.tpub.com /neets/book14/57e.htm (980 words)

	Thin Film
		Variable thickness thin film is modeled by the smooth random potential.
		This actually occurs alone in thin films such as thin layers of oil on water or soap bubbles.
		Part of the incident light reflects from the top surface of the film, and part refractes and goes inside the film, where it reflects from bottom of the film, goes outside, then interferes with the first one.
	www.gg.caltech.edu /~zhukov/applets/film/applet.html (662 words)

	Thin Film Growth
		Thin films don't grow as perfect slabs of bulk like material except in exceptional circumstances (epitaxy).
		This diagram is for sputtered thin films and shows the second axis as pressure.
		For evaporated films the arrival energies are low and the thin film structure would follow the high pressure side of this diagram.
	www.alacritas-consulting.com /thin_film_growth.html (254 words)

	Thin film: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Thin films are material layers of about 1 um micrometre quick summary:
		In the semiconductor industry thin films science and technology is very important.
		Thin-film deposition is any technique for depositing a thin film of material unto a substrate or onto previously deposited layers....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/th/thin_film.htm (182 words)

	OptiLayer Thin Film Software
		It incorporates a large variety of thin film models that enable the user to investigate absorption in a thin film, dispersive properties of its optical parameters, and the dependence of optical parameters on the thickness of a thin film (inhomogeneity).
		The determination of optical parameters of single thin films from photometric and ellipsometric data is a typical inverse problem and thus features all difficulties inherent to such problems.
		As in the case of a thin film on a known substrate it is possible to apply various substrate models in the course of the characterization procedure.
	www.optilayer.com /general.htm (2786 words)

	Interference Colors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A common example is a thin layer of oil or gasoline on a puddle of water after a thunderstorm.
		Light is partially reflected from the top interface (between the film and the ambient which is usually air) and from the lower interface (between the film and the material that the film is on).
		The spectrum of the reflected light depends on the film thickness, the angle of incidence and on all of the indices of refraction because these are the factors that determine the phase and amplitude of the individual rays.
	home3.netcarrier.com /~chan/EM/PROGRAMS/THINFILM (896 words)

	Thin-film interference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The wave traveling through the film has no phase shift, but travels a total down-and-back distance of 1/2 wavelength, meaning that it will be in phase with the wave reflected from the top.
		The film thickness, for constructive interference in the example above, has to be 1/4 (or 3/4 or 5/4 or...) of the wavelength of the light in the oil.
		In some cases, the minimum film thickness required for constructive interference is a quarter of the wavelength; in other cases, the minimum film thickness must be half a wavelength for constructive interference to take place.
	physics.bu.edu /py106/notes/Thinfilm.html (662 words)

	CNN - Flexible thin-film solar cells touted - July 26, 1999
		Thin film solar cells can be created with inexpensive materials on flexible surfaces such as plastic.
		The advantage of thin film solar cells is their ability to produce electrical power without harmful emissions, according to the scientists.
		The UF team, part of the Thin Film Partnership program is focusing on a technology that uses a compound semiconductor called copper indium diselenide referred to as CIS.
	www.cnn.com /NATURE/9907/26/solar.enn (495 words)

	Diffraction; thin-film interference
		The wavelength in the equation above is the wavelength in the thin film.
		Note that the thickness of the film is exactly half the wavelength of the wave when it is in the film.
		This occurs because the film thickness is exactly half the wavelength of the wave in the film.
	physics.bu.edu /~duffy/PY106/Diffraction.html (2353 words)

	Thin-film transistor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A thin film transistor (TFT) is a special kind of field effect transistor made by depositing thin films for the metallic contacts, semiconductor active layer, and dielectric layer.
		The channel region of a TFT is a thin film that is deposited onto a substrate (often glass, since the primary application of TFTs is in liquid crystal displays).
		Most TFTs are not transparent themselves, but their electrodes and interconnects can be.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thin-film_transistor (197 words)

	Surface Treatments: Thin-Film Coating
		The thin coating, however, is fragile and not good for wear applications.
		Sputtering can produce thin, less than 3 µm (120 µin), hard thin-film coatings, e.g., titanium nitride (TiN) which is harder than hardest metal.
		This CVD process is used to apply diamond coatings or silicon carbide barrier coatings on plastic films and semiconductors, including the state of the art.25 µm semiconductors.
	www.efunda.com /processes/surface/thinfilm_coatings.cfm (487 words)

	Physical Optics: Thin Film Interference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Below is a diagram of a thin film and the light rays associated with the reflections and refractions as light impinges on the film.
		A thin soap film is formed by dipping a plastic rectangular wand into a solution of soapy water which has a refractive index of 1.4.
		A thin film interference pattern will be a series of alternating bright and dark fringes of the same color when it is created by a wedge illuminated by monochromatic light.
	online.cctt.org /physicslab/content/phyapb/lessonnotes/twosourceinterference/thinfilminterference.asp (975 words)

	Nanotechnology Materials/Thin Film : companies, profiles and links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Films typically used in thin-film applications range from a few atoms to the width of a human hair.
		The Center of Competence "Ultrathin Functional Films", distinguished by the Federal Ministry of Research (BMBF) as a nation-wide hub, is coordinated by Fraunhofer-Institute IWS Dresden.
		The thin films coatings can be deposited as mono-layers, multi-layers, graded layers and the coating structures can be modified in terms of such properties as crystallographic orientation and nano-composite structure in order to produce the desired properties in terms of harness, elasticity, adhesion etc.
	www.nanovip.com /directory/Materials/Thin_Film/index.php (2753 words)

	Polyurethane Thin-Film Welding for Medical Device Applications (MDDI archive, Sep 02)
		Films most commonly used in the medical industry include high- and low-density polyethylene and polypropylenes from the polyolefin family, plasticized PVC, polyurethane elastomers, and breathable specialty films such as polyester.
		The layers of thermoplastic film to be joined are pressed against the sides of a heated platen, which is removed when the plastic melts.
		The very thin seams that are now possible with RF welding of polyurethane film have opened up a whole new area of applications of the material for medical products.
	www.devicelink.com /mddi/archive/02/09/004.html (2146 words)

	[No title]
		Interference between light waves is the reason that thin films, such as soap bubbles, show colorful patterns.
		To obtain a nice colored pattern, the thickness of the film has to be comparable to the wavelength of light.
		For a film with index of refraction n, this wavelength is related to
	webphysics.davidson.edu /physlet_resources/bu_semester2/c26_thinfilm.html (155 words)

	Nanotechnology and Thin Film NiCad Battery Market Opportunities, Strategies, and Forecasts
		Thin film solid-state batteries are because the lithium ion that is implemented as a liquid electrolyte in traditional batteries is replaced with a solid form of the chemical.
		Thin film solid-state batteries are constructed by depositing the components of the battery as thin films (less than 5µm) on a substrate.
		For a thin film lithium ion battery, a thin layer of Sn3N4 (deposited by sputtering of Sn target in N2 environment) is used as the anode.
	www.electronics.ca /reports/power_supplies/nicad_battery.html (1640 words)

	KDF Thin film notes
		Thin film technology is the process of depositing and characterizing functional material layers on a substrate.
		A typical high rate process for the deposition of silicon dioxide films from a conductively doped silicon target would allow the formation of nearly one micron of SiO2 in fifteen minutes, as compared with nearly five hours when RF magnetron sputtered from a quartz target.
		Reactive sputtering produces a film of differing quality in term of microcrystalline properties, but has a high deposition rate and allows for processing at low substrate temperatures.
	www.kdf.com /thinfilm_notes.asp (637 words)

	Thin Film Center Inc: Optical Thin Film Software for Design and Analysis, Courses and Consulting
		Thin Film Center provides optical thin film software for design and analysis of optical coatings, training services and consulting for the coating industry.
		Thin Film Center runs public courses in Europe and in the United States twice yearly but custom courses are continually given for individual organizations at all levels.
		At the Optatec Exhibition in Frankfurt, Germany from 20-23 June, Thin Film Center will be demonstrating the latest release of the Essential Macleod at Booth B15, Hall 3.
	www.thinfilmcenter.com (303 words)

	Thin Film Deposition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Thin Film Deposition systems for Sputtering, CVD and Plasma processes...
		Thin Film Deposition Reference and Guide/Common Material Densities and Z-ratios/...
		Thin Film Center Inc: Optical Thin Film Software for Design and Analysis, Course...
	www.scienceoxygen.com /electrical/197.html (352 words)

	Thin Film Evaporator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		LCI Corporationâs expertise in thin-film and wiped film evaporation technology is based on over 40 years of experience in the sales...
		An LCI thin film evaporator (TFE) or wiped film evaporator (WFE) provides short residence time and open, low pressure drop configuration, allowing continuous, reliable processing of many heat...
		Thin Film Evaporator Machinery - The Frain Group has the used Thin...
	www.ior2004.org /thin-film-evaporator.php (228 words)

	Thin film coating
		There are several ways to create a thin film coating.
		Thin film or dichroic coatings by HD DICHROIC™ are manufactured by a process known as Electron Bombardment Evaporation or E Beam Evaporation.
		Glass substrates are placed on rotation disks which spin in a planetary direction inside of a large thermal controlled vacuum chamber.
	www.automatedhd.com /tutorial/thin.htm (780 words)

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