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Topic: Third Battle of Nanking

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	Battle of Borodino - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was fought by the French Grande Armée under Napoleon I of France and the Imperial Russian army of Alexander I near the village of Borodino, west from the town of Mozhaysk.
		The battle was the bloodiest single day of the Napoleonic Wars and may have been the bloodiest in modern times, not even exceeded by the First Day on the Somme in 1916 or any of the three days of the Third Battle of Nanking in 1864.
		A huge panorama representing the battle was painted by Franz Roubaud for the centenary of Borodino and installed on the Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow to mark the 150th anniversary of the event.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Borodino (1328 words)

	Nanking Atrocities - Fall of Nanking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The capture of Nanking was the most overwhelming defeat suffered by the Chinese and one of the most tragic military debacles in the history of modern warfare.
		Nanking today is housing a terrorized population who, under alien domination, live in fear of death, torture, and robbery.
		To understand the indefensibility of Nanking it is necessary to note that the city lies in a bend in the Yangtze at a point where the river turns from a northward course and flows east.
	www.geocities.com /nankingatrocities/Fall/fall_02.htm (7233 words)

	NANKING 6
		Because it is a lie, the claim that the population of Nanking was 600,000 to 700,000 is filled with paradox.
		Chairman Rabe, who shouldered the burden of protecting the safety of all the citizens of Nanking, stated repeatedly that the population of Nanking is 200,000, and that he had to secure food for these 200,000 persons.
		During the early weeks of the Japanese occupation, all the citizens of Nanking were concentrated in the Safety Zone, while the rest of the city was deserted.
	www.jiyuu-shikan.org /e/nanking6.html (2795 words)

	Ancient China
		The ruler of the Zhou, King Wu, with the assistance of his uncle, the Duke of Zhou, as regent managed to defeat the Shang at the Battle of Muye.
		Hong Kong (香港) was ceded to Britain in 1842 under the Treaty of Nanking (南京條約).
		Indeed the largest rebellion, the Taiping Rebellion, involved around a third of China falling under control of the Taiping Tianguo, ruled by the "Heavenly King" Hong Xiuquan.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/a/an/ancient_china.html (5857 words)

	Nanking Massacre Summary
		The extent of the atrocities is hotly debated, with numbers ranging from the claim of the Japanese army at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East that the death toll was military in nature and that no such atrocities ever occurred, to the Chinese claim of a non-combatant death toll of 300,000.
		The Battle of Nanking ended on December 13, when the divisions of the Japanese Army entered the walled city of Nanking.
		Historians who define the Nanking Massacre as having started from the time the Japanese army entered Jiangsu province push the beginning of the massacre to around mid-November to early December (Suzhou fell on November 19), and stretch the end of the massacre to late March 1938.
	www.bookrags.com /Nanking_Massacre (5043 words)

	Amazon.de: The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II: English Books: Iris Chang,Barbara ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Nanking, she writes, served as a kind of laboratory in which Japanese soldiers were taught to slaughter unarmed, unresisting civilians, as they would later do throughout Asia.
		Nanking massacre is particularly a disastrous tragedy in the history of the human being.
		She paints a clear picture of what happened to the Chinese population of Nanking at that point in history in an attempt to prevent such tragedies and waste of human life from ever happening again.
	www.amazon.de /Rape-Nanking-Forgotten-Holocaust-World/dp/0140868569 (3372 words)

	The other Holocaust of World War II
		While on the long journey to Nanking, the Japanese soldiers seeked revenge on the Chinese, for the deaths of their fellow friends that died in the two month battle.
		Nanking, is one of the greatest literary, artistic, and political centers that China has ever had.
		With Nanking blocked by the Yangtze River in the north, The Japanese attacked with three army divisions.
	www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us /History/China/03/roth/roth.htm (1083 words)

	NANKING 7
		With the Japanese occupation of Nanking, peaceful civic life was immediately restored and the number of residents coming back to the city increased day by day until it reached 250,000, exceeding the size of the city's population at the time of its fall.
		The third is probably that, by making out Japan to be a fiendish nation, they wish to justify their aggressive political design.
		All the Japanese, including newspaper reporters and news cameramen, who were then in Nanking, admit that a large number of plain-clothes Chinese soldiers (unlawful belligerents) were executed by the Japanese troops, but unanimously assert that there were no large-scale or systematic atrocities committed against civilians.
	www.jiyuu-shikan.org /e/nanking7.html (1425 words)

	THE RAPE OF NANKING
		Though this event is well-known to most Chinese, it has been largely forgotten by the West and especially the Japanese, of which army committed the rapes, tortures and murders in Nanking (now known as Nanjing).
		Nanking fell in December 13th, 1937 to the Japanese.
		Bodies piled up around the walls of Nanking, the river, which had turned red with blood, and in ponds, lakes and on hills and mountains.
	www.angelfire.com /mo/benasatosmop/Nanking.html (940 words)

	Second World War
		The Battle of Britain was over, but the Blitz now began (November 1940-May 1941), a series of nightime raids against most British cities, with Coventry suffering the worst single night of attack (although on a much smaller scale than Allied bombing of Germany later in the war).
		The battle wore down Rommels reserves of fuel and ammo until he was unable to fight, and despite orders from Hitler to hold at all costs Rommel withdrew, pursued by Montgomery along the coast.
		The battle itself was a draw, with both sides losing one carrier, but the Japanese were forced to abandon their advance, a major Allied victory.
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/wars_wwII.html (8102 words)

	Battle of Cannae - Military History Wiki
		The Battle of Cannae (August 2, 216 BC) was a decisive battle of the Second Punic War.
		This makes Cannae one of the bloodiest single days of battle in all of human history (other strong contenders being the Battle of Borodino, the first day of the Battle of the Somme, or any one of the three days of Third Battle of Nanking).
		Hannibal's victory at the Battle of Cannae is often viewed as the classical example of a smaller army thoroughly defeating a larger opponent, purely through the use of superior tactics on open terrain.
	www.militaryhistorywiki.org /wiki/Battle_of_Cannae (797 words)

	THE RAPE OF NANKING (1937) OR NANJING MASSACRE
		I will mention here only the Rape of Nanking (now called the Nanjing Massacre) which is the best documented of Japanese atrocities in China owing to the presence of Western observers who were eyewitnesses to the mass slaughter, rape and looting that the Japanese inflicted on the unfortunate population of the Chinese capital.
		Japanese troops were then encouraged by their officers to loot Nanking, and slaughter and rape the Chinese population of the city.
		Independent foreign observers of the Rape of Nanking, including a German businessman and Nazi Party member named John Rabe, were appalled to see Chinese civilians, both men and women, the elderly, and tiny children, put to death by Japanese troops with horrifying brutality.
	www.users.bigpond.com /battleforaustralia/JapWarCrimes/TenWarCrimes/Rape_Nanking.html (1342 words)

	The Third World War
		The Battle of the Rhine was the single worst battle ever won by the western allies in the entire history of warfare.
		The battle was defiantly on when the Soviets launched a combined arms assault on the northern end of the line near Bonn.
		The battles were nasty and resulted in the death of Chiang Kai-Shek, and his replacement by a committee of Chinese nationalists.
	www.changingthetimes.net /samples/ww2/third_world_war.htm (4910 words)

	The Nanking Atrocities: Fact and Fable
		Rabe, a German national who remained in Nanking after the leaders of the Nationalist government and military had fled the city, leaving their subordinates behind, was head of the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone.
		The third "Nanking Incident" was the attack on foreign legations by the Nationalist Army under Chiang Kai-shek in March 1927.
		According to the official figures released by the municipal authorities of Nanking, the population of the city was 1,006,968 in December 1936 and 308,546 in August 1938.
	www.wellesley.edu /Polisci/wj/China/Nanjing/nanjing2.html (8197 words)

	Principles of War: A Translation from the Japanese
		Because of the necessity for an uninterrupted link between the base of operations and the battle front and the sluggishness of movement, the shifting and concentration of combat power, change of direction of operations, etc., are sluggish.
		Extending the battle line invites a gradual decrease in combat power (personnel, materiel) because of maintaining of logistics, holding of terrain, etc., and is an important condition making the difference between the offensive and defensive.
		In other words, along with deploying first-line manpower on its own battle front and applying its own combat power, each unit is supported by artillery and aviation firepower and, if necessary, is reinforced with airborne troops and heliborne forces, and it also is directed three-dimensionally, air-defense combat power being directed against the enemy's air power.
	www-cgsc.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/csirp_pwatj/csirp_pwatj.asp (12712 words)

	Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture
		Hong Kong was ceded to Britain in 1842 under the Treaty of Nanking.
		Indeed the largest rebellion, the Taiping Rebellion, involved around a third of China falling under control of the Taiping Tianguo, ruled by the "Heavenly King" Hong Xiuquan.
		Only after fourteen years were the Taipings finally crushed - the Taiping army was destroyed in the Third Battle of Nanking in 1864.
	www.archira.com /ming.html (1776 words)

	Battle for the Seelow Heights - Part II
		Battle for the Seelow Heights - Part II hiring freelance writers
		The battle of the Seelow Heights was proving to be a serious blow to Zhukov's prestige.
		In effect, Konev's successful attacks on Schorner's poor defenses, to the south of the battle of the Seelow Heights, was unhinging Heinrici's brilliant defense.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/world_war_2/19136/2 (523 words)

	THE FORGOTTEN HOLOCAUST
		The Rape of Nanking was the beginning, Act I, Scene I, of Japan’s major assault against China from 1937 to December 1941 when it plunged into war against the United States.
		The Japanese Ministry of Education called the invasion of China as an “advance”, and that the Rape of Nanking was attributed to the resistance of the Chinese Army.
		Whatever the outcome of postwar history, the Rape of Nanking is a shame on the honor of humankind.
	people.bu.edu /wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/theo1/projects/2001_chen/forgotten_holocaust.htm (7911 words)

	Third Battle of Nanking - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Third Battle of Nanking was the last major engagement of the Taiping Rebellion, occurring in 1864 after the death of the king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Hong Xiuquan.
		Nanking had been the capital of the Heavenly Kingdom and was known by the Taipings as Tianjing (Heavenly Capital - the name should not be confused with Tianjin, China's third largest city).
		This battle was the effective end of the Taiping army and the last major Taiping city to fall back under Imperial control.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Third_Battle_of_Nanking (213 words)

	UCLA Asia Institute :: Story, Print Version
		A third trend is the increasing interest shown in the debate by Western academics who are aware of and well-versed in both the Japanese-language and Chinese-language literature.
		Third, historians are obliged to examine calmly the primary materials and reconstruct the history of Nanjing on the basis of what those materials say.
		Yamamoto, Masahiro, 2000, Nanking: Anatomy of an Atrocity, Westport, Conn.: Praeger.
	www.isop.ucla.edu /asia/print.asp?parentid=16772 (12036 words)

	John D
		For his "eminent and conspicuous conduct in battle" in operations at Cavite, Sangley Point, and Corregidor, he was advanced three numbers.
		On 24 March 1927 she supported the evacuation of American and foreign nationals, who were fleeing from mob violence at Nanking.
		John D. Ford emerged from the battle undamaged; but in the valiant attempt to prevent the invasion of Java, five Allied ships were sunk.
	www.history.navy.mil /danfs/j3/john_d_ford.htm (1609 words)

	Docudrama on Iris Chang to Be Released -- china.org.cn
		The producers told a press conference in Nanjing, formerly known as "Nanking", capital of east China's Jiangsu Province, that "Iris Chang" had finished shooting in China and would continue in Japan, the US, and Canada.
		More than 300,000 Chinese were killed, one third of the city's buildings in the city were burned and more than 20,000 women were raped in eight weeks.
		Worried that the West was forgetting the atrocity, Iris Chang compiled recollections from sources in China, Japan and North America and recorded them in her book, The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II, which became the first, full-length English-language narrative of the event to reach a wide audience.
	www.china.org.cn /english/news/205531.htm (355 words)

	Birth of a New China
		The fall of the capital is now known as the Rape of Nanking because Japanese forces occupying the city killed some 300,000 people (defenseless civilians and Chinese troops that had already laid down their arms) in seven weeks of unrelenting carnage.
		The loss of Nanking forced the ROC government to move its capital up the Yangtze River to the city of Chongqing, which was shielded by a protective mountain screen.
		The third phase of the war against Japan began on December 7, 1941, when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, and shortly afterwards the United States and Britain declared war on Japan.
	www.taiwan.com.au /Polieco/History/report03.html (4299 words)

	Times & Seasons » The Fellowship of the Plates
		The battle scenes are scary, and the kids watch them peeking out from behind the couch or under a blanket.
		These are spectacular battle scenes that truly bring to life the fear felt by the city defenders.
		In the Third Punic War, the Romans killed the majority of the 700,000 population of Carthage and took the remaining 50,000 or so as slaves.
	www.timesandseasons.org /?p=2772 (4374 words)

	JPRI Working Paper No. 48
		The prefectural assembly unanimously passed a resolution emphasizing the truth of the civilian killings by the Japanese army during the Battle of Okinawa and urged the Monbusho to reinstate the original textbook statement.
		Later in the same year, Ienaga brought his third lawsuit against the Monbusho, questioning the constitutionality of textbook screening and alleging illegal excesses in the Monbusho's discretionary authority on a number of points, including the correction demanded on the Okinawa issue.
		The primary motive of the Monbusho apparently was to defend Japanese troop conduct in the Battle of Okinawa, which was consistent with the Monbusho's reaction to Ienaga's description of the Nanking massacre.
	www.jpri.org /publications/workingpapers/wp48.html (3003 words)

	cook.htm
		The Rape of Nanking was not an isolated phenomenon, or an impulsive, temporary aberration by the Japanese Army.
		After Nanking, the Sino-Japanese war became one of the first in which chemical and bacteriological weapons were used on a vast scale and in time the Japanese were to become the world's most advanced practitioners of this form of warfare.
		By contrast, Japan's bloodletting in Nanking was largely retail, with individual soldiers and units freed by their superiors to murder at will for what they believed was the greater glory of Japan and the emperor.
	www2.suite224.net /~editorsb/updates/cook.htm (8532 words)

	The Rape of Nanking: The Movie at DPRK Studies
		Ted Leonsis was cruising the Caribbean on his yacht a couple of years ago, poring over old newspapers, when he noticed an obituary for Iris Chang, author of “The Rape of Nanking,” the best-seller about the killing in 1937 of 300,000 Chinese by the Japanese army.
		The Rape of Nanking was a horrible event and a monstrous war crime, but its damage has been much exaggerated by the PRC government, particularly as a tool to affect post-war Japan’s foreign policy aspirations in East Asia, which, not so coincidentally, challenges the Chinese notion of itself as the preeminent Asian power.
		I shudder to think what kind of nationalistic controversy this is going to set off, particularly between China and Japan (as one senior Liberal Democratic Party of Japan leader pointed out recently at a Heritage Foundation event, the Sino-Japanese relationship is the worst it has ever been in the post-war period).
	www.dprkstudies.org /2006/07/31/the-rape-of-nanking-the-movie (830 words)

	china-history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		After further political consolidation, seven prominent states remained by the end of 5th century BC, and the years in which these few states battled each other is known as the Warring States period.
		The chaotic north was temporarily unified by Fu Jian who was defeated at the Battle of Feishui when he attempted to invade South China.
		Only after almost fourteen years were the Taipings finally crushed - the Taiping army destroyed in the Third Battle of Nanking in 1864.
	www.china-101.net /directory/chinahistory.html (6067 words)

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