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	First Carlist War - Definition, explanation
		The war was long and hard, and the carlist forces achieved important victories in the north under the direction of a genial general called Tomás de Zumalacárregui.
		Meanwhile, in the east, Carlist general Ramón Cabrera had the initiative in the war, but his forces were too few to achieve a decisive victory over liberal forces.
		The war ended with the "Abrazo de Vergara" (the embrace in Vergara), 31st August 1839, between the liberal general Baldomero Espartero and the carlist General Rafael Maroto.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/f/fi/first_carlist_war.php (1456 words)

	Spanish Civil War Encyclopedia Article @ GetitFreeHere.com (Get It Free Here) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Spanish Civil War, which lasted from July 17, 1936 to April 1, 1939, was a conflict in which the Francoists or Nationalists, led by General Francisco Franco, defeated the Republicans or Loyalists of the Second Spanish Republic.
		As the war progressed, the government and the communists were able to leverage their access to Soviet arms to restore government control over the war effort, both through diplomacy and force.
		In the run-up to the Civil War it was led by Emilio Mola and José Sanjurjo, and latterly Franco.
	www.getitfreehere.com /encyclopedia/Spanish_Civil_War (6074 words)

	Carlism Encyclopedia Article @ GetitFreeHere.com (Get It Free Here) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Beside this political evolution, the years before the Carlist wars were marked with a deep economic crisis in Spain, partly spurred by the loss of the American provinces and by the bankruptcy of the state.
		As the Carlist claimant, then Don Jaime, had close links with the Russian Imperial Family, had been unfairly mistreated by Austrian Emperor Franz Josef, and was also Head of the House of Bourbon, he favoured the Allies, but was living under house-arrest in Austria, with almost no communication with the political direction in Spain.
		In 1960, Jaime de Borbón (Juan's eldest brother) proclaimed himself as Carlist Head (as "King Jaime IV of Spain"), as he claimed to be senior male by primogeniture of the dynasty.
	www.getitfreehere.com /encyclopedia/Carlism (3873 words)

	Third Carlist War - Cassiopedia, The True Encyclopedia
		The third Carlist War (1872-1876) was the last Carlist War which took place in Spain from 1872 to 1876.
		During this conflict, the carlist forces managed to occupy some cities in the interior of Spain, the most important ones were La Seu d'Urgell and Estella in Navarre.
		And, after four years of war, the Carlist pretender had to cross the border to France, on 27 February 1876, the same day that Alfonso XII of Spain entered in Pamplona.
	www.cassiopedia.org /wiki/index.php?title=Third_Carlist_War (205 words)

	Casino online portal \| information about Casino online \| Carlist_Wars
		The Carlist Wars in Spain were the last major European civil wars in which pretenders fought to establish their claim to a throne.
		The Carlists were the supporters of Carlos, a pretender to the throne and brother of the deceased Ferdinand VII, who denied the validity of the Pragmatic Sanction that abolished the Salic Law.
		The First Carlist War lasted over seven years and the fighting spanned most of the country at one time or another, although the main conflict centered on the Carlist homelands of the Basque Country and Aragon.
	www.casinohomeportal.com /?u=/Carlist_Wars (309 words)

	carlists
		For a time, even beyond the start of the third war (1872), it became the most important, and best organized, "right" opposition group to the revolutionary regime (some 90 members of parliament in 1871).
		Carlists fought and defeated Basque nationalists in 1936-1937.
		The Spanish philosopher Miguel de Unamuno suffered as a child the siege of Bilbao during the Third Carlist War.Later he wrote a novel Paz en la guerra about that time.In 1895 he wrote to JoaquÃn Costa about his plans for an essay on the "intrahistoric" element of rural socialism within the Carlist masses.
	www.hondparts.com /wiki/?title=Carlists (3535 words)

	Catalan Constitutions Encyclopedia Article @ Constituted.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Shortly after the end of the War of the Spanish Succession, Philip V of Spain issued the set of decrees known in Spanish as the Decretos de Nueva Planta and in Catalan as the Decrets de Nova Planta.
		During the Third Carlist War (1872-1876), the Carlist forces managed to occupy some cities in the Catalan interior.
		The pretender Charles VII of Spain, grandson of Charles V of Spain (hence Carlist from Carlos, "Charles"), promised the Catalans, Valencians and Aragoneses the return of the fueros (Catalan: furs) and the constitutions that Philip V had previously abolished.
	www.constituted.net /encyclopedia/Catalan_constitutions (738 words)

	CARLISTS WARS: 1933-1876 - GREAT BATTLES, MUNDOHISTORIA. THE HISTORY CHANNEL
		The first Carlist war developed mainly in the Basque Country, Navarre, Catalan Pirineus and in the region of Maestrazgo, between 1833 and 1840; it was better known as the Seven Year War.
		The Carlista’s economical and armament scarcity and the long lasting battle that masked the initial objectives of the war and accentuated the ideological and socioeconomic contrasts of each side made evident the difficulties of a negotiated settlement of the conflict.
		In May 1849, there was no trace of the resistance left in Catalonia.The Third Carlist War began in 1872 and lasted until 1876 when the troops of Carlos 7th, the pretender, (Duke of Madrid) fought against the followers of Amadeo 1st, the republic and Alfonso 12th.
	uk.portalmundos.com /mundohistoria/battles/carlistswars.htm (741 words)

	Chapter 19: A History of Spain and Portugal, vol. 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The War of Independence was in the long run a struggle of attrition in which the French were ground down by constant harassment and, from 1812, by the commitment of Napoleon's main strength to eastern and central Europe.
		That the civil war lasted nearly seven years was due in large measure to the disarray of the nascent liberal regime, unable to generate the considerable resources of money, manpower, and material needed to fight campaigns of attrition against regional forces.
		The dominant figure in the Spanish army at the close of the First Carlist War was General Baldomero Espartero, who commanded the government forces in the north during the climactic campaign that concluded with the compromise peace of Vergara in 1839.
	libro.uca.edu /payne2/payne19.htm (15693 words)

	WHKMLA : Spain : First Carlist War, 1833-1840
		Early successes of the Carlists showed, that the government forces were incapable of containing the rebellion; Britain, France and Portugal sent troops to support the government.
		Carlist commander Tomas Zumalacarregui fell during the (unsuccessful) siege of Bilbao (1835).
		During the war the betrothal of the infant Queen to the son of her uncle Carlos was suggested in order to end the conflict.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/19cen/carlist1.html (408 words)

	Liberal and Carlist Wars, 1826-76
		Portugal kicked off with the Liberal War (1826-34), where the Liberal supporters of Don Pedro IV fought it out with the Absolutists under the pretender Don Miguel I. The Carlist Wars in Spain were the last major European civil wars in which pretenders fought to establish their claim to a throne.
		Several times during the period from 1833 to 1876 the Carlists - followers of Don Carlos and his descendents - rallied to the cry of "God, Country, and King" and fought for the cause of Spanish tradition against the liberalism, and later the republicanism, of the Spanish governments of the day.
		Although the wars were over a 100 years ago, Carlism is still a going concern in Spain today in the form of Comunión Tradicionalista.
	www.balagan.org.uk /war/iberia/1833/index.htm (437 words)

	Genealogy of the Domínguez surname
		To their return to Spain participated actively in the war of Morocco in 1859 and 1860, participating that last year in the battles of the valley of the Castillejos, Tetuán and Wad-Ras, after the course of which it achieved the ascent to colonel.
		In 1871 it was ascended field marshal and noted assistant of the new king, Amadeo I. Participated actively in the third Carlist war and in the fight against the cantonalism.
		Adolfo Domínguez, Spanish tailor, one of the main representatives of the Spanish design in the last third of the XX century, thanks to the international projection of their stylized creations. He was born in Orense (Galicia) in 1950, and it began the career of Philosophy and Letters in the Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.
	www.couttolenc.freeservers.com /004_eng.htm (5580 words)

	[No title]
		Wars at the time of the French Revolution strained the royal treasury, leading Charles IV (1788-1808) to order the Church to sell some of her property and to loan the proceeds to the government.
		Carlist thought was also an ideological source for a number of other Spanish parties on the right in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
		The Carlists rejected the many unilateral decisions about the Church's internal affairs and about her relationship to Spanish society made by the liberal governments of the nineteenth and early twentieth century and by the Second Spanish Republic in the 1930s.
	www.ewtn.com /library/HUMANITY/FR90403.TXT (3429 words)

	HISTORY SAN SEBASTIAN
		The on-going war situation meant a sharp economic decline for San Sebastián, owing to defence costs, the garrisons' up-keep, and the continuous decline in sea trade that worsened from 1573 onwards, when Seville secured the monopoly in its transactions with America.
		To protest against Carlist absolutism, the troops named the nearby square Constitution Hill; the farmers in the area translated it as "death to the Constitution" (in the Basque language "hil" - "hill" means death).
		As a result of the First World War, the growing industrialization in the area was consolidated, giving rise to a significant migratory movement, base of important proletarian groups, out of which the working-class movement was born.
	www.cd.sc.ehu.es /DOCS/book.SS-G/v2/History.S.S.html (3903 words)

	WHKMLA : Spain : Carlist War, 1872-1876
		A Carlist army was reorganized, which in Feb. 1873 reached the strength of 50,000.
		The Carlists failed to take Pamplona by siege (1875) and suffered defeats at Trevino (July 7th 1875) and Mobtejurra (Feb. 17th 1876); the Carlist stronghold of Estella fell Feb. 19th, Don Carlos left Spain.
		The Carlist party was capable of raising volunteers, even experienced military officers, but lacked in the equipment and the skills to conduct a modern siege.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/19cen/carlist18721876.html (405 words)

	The 19th Century. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The history of the rest of the 19th century was dominated by the dynastic dilemma produced by the death without male heir of Ferdinand VII.
		His daughter took the throne as Isabel II, but her uncle, the legendary Don Carlos, opposed her claim, thus giving rise to the first of the two Carlist Wars, which chiefly affected Navarre, the Basque Country and El Maestrazgo, the region which bestrides Castellon, Tarragona and Teruel.
		1898: The war with the United States puts an end to the remains of the Spanish colonial empire: Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines are turned over to the victors.
	www.sispain.org /english/history/19th.html (431 words)

	Brassy's Men - History
		After France's defeat byGermanyin 1870, the Third Republic came to be seen as a period of stability and consolidation, despite domestic unrest and the terrible damage done to the country by the First World War.
		The Third Republic was proclaimed on 4 September 1870 and Adolphe Thiers became its first President on 31 August 1871, after the Paris Commune uprising was brutally crushed towards the end of May 1871. This regime had a difficult start, but it was to prove the most long-lasting since the Revolution, surviving right up until 1940.
		The terrible destruction of the Thirty Years' War of 1618-48, a war partially religious in nature, reduced German particularism, as did the reforms enacted during the age of enlightened absolutism (1648-1789) and later the growth of nationalism and industrialism in the nineteenth century.
	www.interactivitiesink.com /larps/brassy/brassy_history.shtml (1998 words)

	Third Carlist War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Isabel II was in exile and King Amadeo I of Spain (crowned 1871) was not very popular.
		The promise was never fulfilled as the Carlist forces did not succeed.
		This page was last modified 01:46, 20 September 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Third_Carlist_War (184 words)

	HistoryOfSpain
		The War of Succession to the Spanish Crown (1701-1714) marked the end of the dynasty of the Habsburgs and the coming of the Bourbons.
		Prior to this, a brief war with the United States resulted in the loss of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines, in 1898, thus completing the dissolution of the Spanish overseas empire.
		The Peninsular War (Guerra de la Independencia) was a key factor in the cristalization of Spanish Nationality.
	mysterose.homestead.com /HistoryOfSpain.html (6427 words)

	1800-1936
		19th Century: The Napoleonic Invasion, Karlist Wars, Spanish American War and Spanish Civil War
		-1841-1843 Maria Cristina, followed by General Espartero, acts as regent for Isabel II -1847-1849 Second Carlist War
		-1909 Semana Tragica (Tragic Week) in Barcelona Workers’ revolt against conscription for Moroccan Wars, quashed by Government troops
	www.unm.edu /~conspain/trujillo/1800-1936.html (287 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - VIP - Iberia
		The End of the First Carlist War was not enough for the end of hostilities and added to the fact of the bad harvest and the creation of the quintas tax, made that Carlist and Republicans united in the North of Catalonia and made uprisings against the Goverment.
		With the Crowning of Alfonso XII and the Recognizement of this by the Pope and by many Carlists, the last remains of the carlist Army continued fighting but were unable to resist.
		After years of War the Liberal Troops are defeated and the peasants claim Carlos VII as their King.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/printthread.php?t=113543 (3517 words)

	third global war - Qwika
		criticizing the government in a time of war is unpatriotic, and they also think that they're in a time of war.
		Aug 20, 2004 (UTC) Leftism, Pacifism and "War on Terror" The section "Leftism, Pacifism and 'War on Terror'" seems to be degenerating into...
		Adler was criticized as a war criminal for his handling of the war and was subsequently arrested by the president...
	www.qwika.com /find/third_global_war?int=160 (712 words)

	Carlist Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Second Carlist War was a minor Catalonian uprising lasting two years from 1846 to 1849.
		The Third Carlist War began in the aftermath of the deposition of one ruling monarch and abdication of another.
		when the Spanish elections of 1872 resulted in government violence against Carlist candidates and a swing away from Carlism, the Carlist pretender, Carlos VII, decided that only force of arms could win him the throne.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carlist_Wars (370 words)

	LaRouche blast exposes Synarchist pro-terrorist operation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		And a third article reported that the Argentine magazine Maritornes had been founded in November 2001 as an ideological vehicle to promote that same fascist international apparatus in Spain and the Spanish-speaking Americas.
		It is Spanish Carlist in roots, fascist in outlook, and terrorist-linked in current political strategic deployment.
		Spain's National Monarchical Brotherhood of the Maestrazgo, one of that country's significant Carlist redoubts, begat a branch in Argentina in 1996, which they called the Charles VII Traditionalist Brotherhood--named after the Venetian-based Spanish pretender to the throne who headed up the third Carlist war in the 1870s.
	larouchein2004.net /pages/other/2004/040114eiwedit.htm (1805 words)

	Marques del Duero
		During her maiden voyage from Marseilles, (July 27, 1875), this vessel was sent to San Sebastian Bay, (North of Spain, Basque Country), in order to reinforce the Spanish Fleet in the Bay of Biscay during the Third Civil Carlist War.
		The 3rd Carlist War ended on February 27th 1876 and on April 5th, 1876 the naval forces operating in the Gulf of Biscay began to be dissolved.
		On July 29, 1876, the MARQUÉS DEL DUERO weighed anchor for the Philippines, to be integrated in the South Division of the Spanish Asiatic Fleet at the naval station in Zamboanga.
	www.spanamwar.com /Marquesdelduero.htm (640 words)

	[No title]
		#22010 Where the Third Symphony had been intended as a tribute to the principles of the French Revolution, the Fifth was a shout of defiance against the presence of the French conquerors in Vienna.
		Third, at Cummins Engine, cutting tools are used in facing and contouring a crank-shaft vibration damper.
		Third, Molex Inc. uses programmable controllers for process control of varying configura-tions and lot sizes of electrical connectors.
	www.mnstate.edu /tcufilm/TITLEM.HTM (14017 words)

	Comprehensive information and links about Miguel de Unamuno
		It is based on his experiences as a child during the Carlist siege of Bilbao in the Third Carlist War.
		The novel centres on a heroic priest who has lost his faith in immortality, yet says nothing of his doubts to his parishioners, not wanting to disturb their faith, which he recognizes is a necessary support for their lives.
		Thus there is a conflict between our desire for immortality and our reason-which negates it; out of this conflict comes the desire to believe in God, the need for faith, which reason of course cannot confirm.
	www.quicknation.com /Miguel_de_Unamuno.htm (974 words)

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