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Topic: Third Intermediate Period

	The Structure of Egyptian History: And the Third Intermediate Period
		The rise of Herihor ushered in a period known as the "Renaissance", a term previously used by the founders of new dynasties, wehem meswt (he who repeats births), alluding to what was supposed to be a new era of Egyptian strength.
		When considering that this led directly into the Third Intermediate Period, one might see this posturing as almost humorous, but in fact, during certain parts of the 21st and 22nd Dynasties, Egypt seems to have regained some of its power that was lost during the later part of the New Kingdom.
		This period ended with the death of Psusennes II in the north, after which Sheshonq I came to power in the north apparently by marrying the daughter of Psusennes II.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/thirdintermediate.htm (1672 words)

	Desi Hot OR Hot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Third Intermediate Period is a phrase used to refer the period of the history of Ancient Egypt from the death of pharaoh Rameses XI in 1070 BC to the foundation of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty by Psamtik I, following the expulsion of the Nubian rulers of the Twenty-fifth dynasty.
		This period is characterised by the fracturing of the kingship in the country.
		The Third Intermediate period includes periods of stability as well as instability and its name rather clouds this fact.
	www.desihotornot.com /encyclopedia/index.php?title=Third_Intermediate_Period (705 words)

	Second Intermediate Period of Egypt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Second Intermediate Period marks a period when Ancient Egypt once again fell into disarray between the end of the Middle Kingdom, and the start of the New Kingdom.
		It is best known as when the Hyksos made their appearance in Egypt, whose reign comprised the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Dynasties.
		This dynasty was succeeded by a group of Hyksos princes and chieftains, who ruled in the eastern Delta with their local Egyptian vassals, and are known primarily by scarabs inscribed with their names, called by modern Egyptologists the Sixteenth Dynasty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt (597 words)

	THE FIRST, SECOND & THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIODS
		The original chaos and turmoil that was considered to be the Second Intermediate Period, now does not appear to be as bad a previously thought.
		This period of cultural change was expressed primarily by sculpture and painting which was often consciously modelled on earlier work of the Old and Middle Kingdom.
		Note: The Saite Period, although here included as part of the Third Intermediate Period, is also often regarded as the first part of the Late Period.
	www.egyptologyonline.com /intermediate_periods.htm (1339 words)

	e. The New Kingdom and the Third Intermediate Period (18th-24th Dynasties). 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The New Kingdom and the Third Intermediate Period (18th-24th Dynasties).
		The New Kingdom and the Third Intermediate Period (18th–24th Dynasties)
		Here were found the Amarna letters, correspondence with the kings of Babylonia, Mitanni, the Hittites, and others written on clay tablets in Akkadian, the lingua franca of the period.
	www.bartleby.com /67/93.html (1310 words)

	Dead Sea Scrolls -- Timeline
		At right is the slate triad of Menkaure wearing the white crown, flanked by the goddess Hathor, with the sun's disk and cow's horns headress, and by the personification of the Hathor name, with her nome sign on her head.
		The whole topic area of the effects of climate on tree ring growth and the inverse problem of estimating climate from ancient tree rings data are widely discussed, as one summary essay suggests.
		Some evidence suggests that this was a period of extreme climate change in which a drying climate caused major population shifts along with the drought-like conditions evidenced throughout Western Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, and North Africa.
	home.flash.net /~hoselton/deadsea/timeline.htm (10345 words)

	The so-called third intermediate period in Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Bubastite Osorkon II apparently was (at least shortly) king in Tanis, between Amanemope and Akheperre Psusennes - this possibly because of Psusennes being underaged and Osorkon was the husband of Maatkare, one heiress of the Tanite royal family.
		The entombment area of the TIP was in Tanis, in the area of God Aman-Re-sonter.
		The period between accession of Hedj-kheper-re Shoshenq (c 820 BCE) and time of Taharqa (c 675 BCE) was around 145 years, of which there was certainly some waste time around Takelot I (Manetho according to Africanus gives 120 years for the 22nd dynasty).
	members.surfeu.fi /sjostrom/tip.htm (3538 words)

	Week 4: Pharonic History (Part 2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Second Intermediate Period (1786-1567 BC), Dynasties 13 through 17, were dominated in the north by the presence of Asiatic rulers called the Hyksos or Shepherd Kings.
		In the Third Intermediate Period, Egypt was successively ruled by renegade rulers from the city of Tanis, rulers from Libya and rulers from Nubia.
		The Third Intermediate Period was followed by a period of rule by the Libyans and Persian, Dynasties 26-30.
	hagar.up.ac.za /egypt/odyssey/week4/FYI2.html (582 words)

	Chronology of the Great Pharohs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Predynastic period, which ends with the unification of Egypt under one king, is generally subdivided into three parts, each of which refers to the site at which its archaeological materials were found: Badarian, Amratian (Naqada I), and Gerzean (Naqada II and III).
		Archaeological sources indicate the emergence, by the late Gerzean period (about 3200 BC), of a dominant political force that was to become the consolidating element in the first united kingdom of ancient Egypt.
		As the central government entered a period of decline, their presence made possible an influx of people from coastal Phoenicia and Palestine and the establishment of a Hyksos dynasty.
	www.osirisweb.com /egypt/egypt2.html (3556 words)

	AskWhy! Dating Ancient Near Eastern History III - Jewish Scriptures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		These dynasties are in the so-called Third Intermediate Period—the very name implies doubt and indecision—stretching from 1070 to 664 BC in orthodox terms.
		The 400 years of the Third Intermediate Period has chunks of time when nothing seems to happen at all, no monuments, architecture, art or statuary—social breakdown is always the excuse, but nothing happening never happens.
		The period from the fall of Agade to the start of Ur III is given precisely by Brinkman as 42 years, but really lies between 15 and 100 years.
	www.askwhy.co.uk /judaism/0490Dating.html (12026 words)

	Articles - Third Intermediate Period of Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Third Intermediate Period refers to the time in Ancient Egypt from the death of Pharaoh Rameses XI in 1070 BC to the foundation of the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty by Psamtik I, following the expulsion of the Nubian rulers of the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty.
		The Third Intermediate period includes long periods of stability as well as chronic instability and civil conflict: its very name rather clouds this fact.
		Secondly there are significant problems of chronology stemming from several areas: first, there are the difficulties in dating common to all of Egyptian chronology but these are compounded due to synchronsyms with Biblical Archaeology that also contain heavily disputed dates.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Third_Intermediate_Period?mySession=7bfee00fc9adde2cf400b4580a12a065 (891 words)

	Egyptian Pharaohs : Third Intermediate Period
		During the course of the Third Intermediate Period, the capitol of Egypt moved from Tanis to Nubia, to Thebes, to Sais and back to Nubia and Thebes.
		Despite the multitude of rulers in different regions of Egypt, this intermediate period was relatively peaceful.
		Art continued to flourish and the administrative woes that plagued the other intermediate periods does not seem to be a problem now.
	www.phouka.com /pharaoh/pharaoh/kingdoms/083int.html (297 words)

	Third Intermediate Period
		This period involved 4 dynasties from the twenty-first to the twenty-fourth.
		The last two dynasties in Late Period, where there was a succession of shadowy kings that could not grasp the affairs of the state.
		During this period the indigenous peasant population, performing their daily tasks were increasingly exploited and impoverished as Greek merchants and magnates took control of the products.
	www.kingtutshop.com /freeinfo/3rdPeriod.htm (2001 words)

	The Journal of the American Oriental Society: Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Journal of the American Oriental Society: Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period.
		James E. Hoch's Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period is a work of major importance for scholars both of Semitic and Egyptian.
		This review essay summarizes the book's presentation of the data, discusses the analyses derived from a detailed study of the data, and suggests ways in which the work can be utilized in future research.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:19254794&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (244 words)

	History Alive! The Ancient World Essays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Between these times of prosperity, there were periods of instability called the First and Second Intermediate Periods.
		This period is known as the 25th dynasty.
		Still, Alexander was a foreigner, and his reign marked the beginning of a long period of rule by Greek-speaking kings.
	www.teachtci.com /essays/AWH/topic06.asp (1073 words)

	A New Look at Ancient Egypt @ UPMAA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The somewhat primitive style of the stele is typical of provincial art of the First Intermediate Period (ca.
		The deceased was then placed in a coffin (or series of coffins) and buried in a well-prepared tomb along with possessions he or she would need in the afterlife.
		His coffin is made of brightly painted wood with scenes of a mummy lying on a funeral bed attended by a series of gods and goddesses.
	www.museum.upenn.edu /new/exhibits/online_exhibits/egypt/funerary.shtml (1313 words)

	New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period
		Later chapters examine the civilization of ancient Egypt in greater depth and explain such fascinating topics as the conventions of representation in art, the role of the pharaoh in religion, how the pyramids were built and how a corpse was mummified to last for eternity.
		A Bibliography of the Amarna Period and Its Aftermath.
		Francesca : "This book presents the period between the fall of the New Kingdom to the end of the 25th Dynasty, from the 11th to the 4th century BCE.
	www.ptahhotep.com /categories/nk_tip.html (829 words)

	History of the Valley of the Kings (Third Intermediate Period-Byzantine Period) - Theban Mapping Project
		Two of the major tourist attractions in Thebes were the Colossi of Memnon, the pair of massive statues that preceded the pylon of the memorial temple of Amenhetep III [10179].
		The time period of touristic activities was set between the third century B.C. and sixth century A.D. Diodorus Siculus and Strabo both visited Egypt between 60-56 B.C. and 25-24 B.C., respectively.
		The next period of activity in the Valley of the Kings corresponds to the expansion of Christianity in Egypt.
	www.thebanmappingproject.com /articles/article_2.4.html (582 words)

	Egyptian New Kingdom, Babylonia, Assyria, Hittites, etc.
		The chronology for the period before the Canon of Kings, 1400 down to 700, is secured by the "Assyrian Kinglist" and a reported eclipse of the sun that can be dated to 15 June 763 BC.
		This period begins with the domination of the Hurrians, already or soon to be led by a nobility of Indo-European horsemen, the Mitanni.
		Clayton has the Late Period beginning with the Persian Conquest, which is not really fair to the XXVI Dynasty, which should not be considered part of an "Intermediate" period.
	www.friesian.com /notes/newking.htm (7966 words)

	The Second Intermediate Period (from Egypt, ancient) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The second was formerly defined as of the mean solar day—i.e., the average period of rotation of the Earth on its axis relative to the Sun.
		Between 1946 and 1963, a period in the civil rights movement known as the Second Reconstruction, African Americans began to win significant victories against racist policies and laws in the United States.
		During the period, African Americans finally received legal guarantees of rights that had been granted during the original Reconstruction, which followed the American...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-22307?tocId=22307 (883 words)

	Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology
		Three of these objects come from the first dynasty of the New Kingdom, when the Canaanite rulers (known as Hyksos) were overthrown.
		During the 1900 and 1901 field seasons, Reisner excavated a large royal place, a settlement, and a series of cemeteries at Deir el Ballas, dating principally to the early New Kingdom.
		The Third Intermediate Period, like the previous two, was a time of disunity and decentralized power.
	hearstmuseum.berkeley.edu /exhibitions/cent/1_8_4.html (113 words)

	The ARF Newsletter: Spring 1995
		Since we were dealing with a large, comparatively well-preserved chunk of an ancient Delta city, which by all indications had significant remains dating to the first millennium, we designed our work with the aim of contributing to an understanding of the history, development, and character of Egyptian urbanism.
		We have found occupation of this date at broadly scattered locations in the tell; the depth of deposit is impressive-at least 2-3m in places; and we have evidence of functional differentiation at various locations (industrial, administrative or ceremonial, and domestic).
		As with the Third Intermediate Period, little is known archaeologically of the Persian period in general, and even less of the Delta region.
	sscl.berkeley.edu /arf/newsletter/2.2 (1311 words)

	Egypt, 1000 B.C.-1 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Owing to many factors, including the rise of conquering empires in western Asia and the northern Mediterranean, Egypt experiences greater involvement in an increasingly interrelated world, and by the end of the millennium is integrated into the Roman Empire dominating the Mediterranean arena.
		This period is a time of competing power bases with gradual fragmentation into smaller political units, Many of these political entities have their origins in Libyan groups settled in the Delta region in the late
		Repeatedly, the rich artistic heritage of two millennia is explored to create new formulations of royal and religious ideals of in statuary and relief.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/04/afe/ht04afe.htm (469 words)

	ANCIENT EGYPT : The rise of Alexandro-Egyptian Hellenism and Hermetism
		At the inception of the Third Intermediate Period, the most prominent military commander was chief general Herihor, who assumed the title of high priest of Amun, and, on occasion, the titles and trappings of Pharaoh (although the temporal authority of the Pharaoh of Tanis was formally recognized through Egypt)...
		It is this voyage to the third heaven which turns the Pharisee Saul of Tarsus into the Christian Paul, the apostle of the gentiles and (together with Peter), the foundation of Christianity.
		In the ninth sphere (the third heaven), Paul has the same celestial encounters as the "son" initiated by Hermes Trismegistus and is also bound to un-saying regarding it.
	maat.sofiatopia.org /hermes2.htm (14878 words)

	BOOK REPORT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		One of these adjustments in time telescopes the Third Intermediate Period, dropping the dates of Rameses II and his predecessors in the New Kingdom by over 200 years; the other eliminates 350 years in a like manner.
		Apart from articles produced in periodicals by their Society for Interdisciplinary Studies (SIS) and the Institute for the Study of Interdisciplinary Sciences (ISIS), the first full-scale publication of their New Chronology theories was a collection of weighty essays titled Centuries of Darkness in 1991 (mentioned briefly on these pages in KMT 5:3, fall l994).
		Thus, Rohl concludes that the only period in Egyptian history with incontrovertible archaeological evidence for a large Asiatic population in the eastern delta...is the Second Intermediate Period the era into which the New Chronology places the historical events which lie at the heart of the traditional stories of the Israelite Sojourn, Bondage and Exodus.
	www.egyptology.com /kmt/winter95_96/book.html (3619 words)

	TVM Entry Floor: Ancient Egyptian Artifacts -- Final Era (Late Period to the end of Roman Rule)
		The final era of ancient Egyptian history lasted about a fifteen-hundred years and is broken into three periods: the third intermediate period, the late period, and the Greco-Roman period.
		A highly confusing period when often many dynasties operated simultaneously and when the balance of power in all of the Near East was constantly in flux.
		According to some recent scholars who have looked at the evidence, this Egyptian period may be as much as two hundred years shorter, which would throw all of Egyptian chronology into disarray.
	www.tigtail.org /TIG/S_View/TVM/E/Ancient/Egypt/Egypt-artifacts/egypt-4.0.0.final-era.html (457 words)

	A Biblical Interpretation of World History, Chapter 3, Part 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		He was subsequently assassinated, and a period of civil war, disunity and palace intrigue followed, which lasted nearly a century, until Telepinus came to the throne.
		The explosion was so awesome that it vaporized two thirds of the island, and it sent a 200-foot-high tsunami to wipe out the cities on Crete's heavily populated north coast.
		The third man in the Hittite chariots was used to balance the weight of the whole thing, and to take the place of one of the others should he become incapacitated.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /worldhis/Hist03c.html (11682 words)

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