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Topic: Third Somaliland Expedition

	Somaliland Times - Issue 280
		HARGEISA, Somaliland, June 1, 2007 – Abdillahi M. Dualeh, Somaliland’s minister of foreign affairs of the Republic of Somaliland has sent a message of condolence to his Ethiopian counterpart Seyum Mesfin, in relation to the terrorist attacks in Jigjiga and Dhahbour of the Ethiopian Somali region.
		All throughout Somaliland’s history, our foes bombed women and children in major cities resulting in the death of half million innocent civilians in 1988 and these unscrupulous individuals are still attempting to destabilize the nation’s diplomacy, security and treasury.
		In 2003, foreign aid workers were assassinated in Somaliland in an attempt to tarnish the image of Somaliland in the international community, which was followed by a bombing in Hargeysa last month.
	www.somalilandtimes.net /sl/2007/280/01.shtml (4134 words)

	Outline
		Unlike previous Somaliland conflicts, however, the roots of the 1994-96 civil war extend beyond the boundaries of the fledgling state, as far as Moqdishu, Nairobi, and the now-defunct headquarters of the UN Operation in Somalia.
		The common threads are clear: the endorsement of Somaliland’s independence; a feeling of exclusion from the national apparatus of power; a sense of injustice at the hand of the state; and a desire to settle the conflict through traditional (the "Guurti")rather than political means.
		Somaliland’s integrity can be challenged and its claims to sovereignty undermined simple by the active opposition of a single clan-particularly among the non-Issaq clans.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /eue_web/somrev96.htm (18051 words)

	Horace Lambert Alexander Hood - LoveToKnow 1911
		"HORACE LAMBERT ALEXANDER HOOD (1870-1916), British naval officer, was born in London Oct. 2 1870, the third son of the 4th Viscount Hood and a lineal descendant of the 1st viscount, Adml.
		In 1903 he was promoted captain and served in the Somaliland expedition (1903-4), being awarded the D.S.O. He commanded a small squadron of battle cruisers in the battle of Jutland (May 31 1916) and went down on his flagship " Invincible."
		This page was last modified 13:25, 3 Sep 2006.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Horace_Lambert_Alexander_Hood (119 words)

	Somaliland News archives
		According to Somaliland government sources, Illing, who is now the director for east of Africa region development affairs within the EC hierarchy, said the purpose of his visit was to become acquainted with the over-all situation in the area and Somaliland's stance on current issues, particularly in the aftermath of the Arta conference.
		Somaliland was not established by Egal or group of people but only through the sacrifices and dedication of the Somaliland people over a long period of time.
		Somaliland's minister of internal affairs, Ahmad Shambir Sultan, has issued a written statement regarding the expulsion of a Somali national, Tahlil Haji Ahmad, who was a legal consultant for the UNDP [United Nations Development Programme] on civil protection.
	sky.prohosting.com /~msbali/newsfile1.htm (18842 words)

	Footnotes to History- S
		Further expeditions in 1852 and 1853 accomplished nothing, and Carvajal gave up his hopes of nation-building, eventually ending his political career in New York after he was sacked by President Juarez for his prosecution of the war against the French occupation.
		Somaliland Republic- In May of 1991, the northern clans of Somalia declared the former British Somaliland independent.
		Despite Somaliland's relative success and peacefulness, the international community has refused to recognize the republic, preferring to back the claims of the new Somalian government.
	www.buckyogi.com /footnotes/nats.htm (6141 words)

	Somaliland News archives (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Somaliland is not the first country where a president or prime minister has been cut to the quick by a newspaper and has brought his wrath to bear on the journalists responsible.
		Somaliland's independent journalists today feel they have entered a period of defiance, hostility, vengeance, suffering and threats, and the only ones to benefit are those who would like to shake the edifice that has been built since 1991.
		Amongst Somaliland’s friends as well as those within the country and perhaps much of the diaspora, it is axiomatic that the territory has achieved remarkable progress in its democratisation process, but has been cruelly prevented from enjoying the full benefits by a world that is too selfishly or foolishly engaged elsewhere to notice.
	storm.prohosting.com /~mbali/newsfile24.htm (20455 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hardly had the news of the capture of Algiers reached Paris than Charles X was deposed during the Three Glorious Days of July 1830, and his cousin Louis-Philippe, the "citizen king," was named to preside over a constitutional monarchy.
		The new government, composed of liberal opponents of the Algiers expedition, was reluctant to pursue the conquest ordered by the old regime, but withdrawing from Algeria proved more difficult than conquering it.
		For the first time, French citizens in the civil territories elected their own councils and mayors; Muslims had to be appointed, could not hold more than one-third of council seats, and could not serve as mayors or assistant mayors.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=French_rule_in_Algeria (6109 words)

	Soolnet: Dood furan - A Bravenet.com Forum
		Mohammed bin Abdullah Hassan, better known as the Mad Mullah, was born in the interior of Somaliland, some say at Kirrit, in the late sixties, his father an Ogaden Somali, his mother a Somali of the Dolbahanta tribe.
		During this expedition, which culminated in the severe but successful action fought at Erigo in October 1902, the Dervishes sustained some 1400 casualties, lost a large number of prisoners and some 25,000 camels, in addition to many sheep, cattle, and horses.
		Thus, this fourth expedition was completely successful in all but bringing the Mullah himself to bay, and so putting an end to his movement.
	pub41.bravenet.com /forum/3444801009/fetch/427360 (2210 words)

	Air Power in Small Wars the British air control experience [Archive] - Military Photos
		Somaliland Field Forces were positioned to block the retreat while the Royal Air Force switched to a supporting role of maintaining communications between the various ground force detachments, providing air cover, and evacuating the wounded.
		The experience in Somaliland showed that there was some justification for Winston Churchill’s declaration in December 1919 that "the first duty of the RAF is to garrison the British Empire."9 As Minister of War and Air, he had been behind Air Chief Marshal Hugh Trenchard’s plan to use air power in Somaliland.
		The aim of those expeditions was to administer a major defeat to discourage further undesirable behavior by forcing guerrilla fighters or nomadic tribesmen to concentrate and face British regiments.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/archive/index.php/t-28938.html (3594 words)

	Chapter 9: Tribes and Their Stock
		All these three types of movement occur in Somaliland, but the greater part of the people are nomadic stock-herders moving to grazing within certain limits according to the variable rainfall of different years, and other factors.
		As the rain pools dry up in the "waterless" Haud and Sawl Haud, the camels and men tend to come in closer to the tribal locus wells for water and salt grazing, and sometimes stay nearer the wells, if there is sufficient grazing, until the next rains fall in the grazing areas.
		Although therefore the Illustration No. 8, Somaliland Place-names, gives only a few names, it is considered that these are sufficient to give a general idea of the areas grazed by the various tribal sections, though for lack of detail the areas defined have had to be only approximate.
	www.civicwebs.com /cwvlib/africa/somalia/1951/general_survey/chapter_9.htm (4097 words)

	Second World War
		When war broke out with Nazi Germany in September 1939 the 2nd Battalion was already on active service in Palestine and was to be deployed in a successful rearguard action against over whelming Italian forces in Somaliland i July 1940.
		On the 23rd March 1945 the Regiment played a key role in the crossing of the Rhine under a massive smoke screen and overcoming the final, albeit crumbling German resistance.
		After its enormously varied was fighting in Somaliland, in Crete and at Tobruk, the 2nd Battalion was sent to India which was under threat from the rapid Japanese advance through Malaya and Burma.
	www.army.mod.uk /blackwatch/history/second_world_war.htm (824 words)

	Somalis kicking Italian and British ass
		The Consul General urged an expedition on the Home Government, but our commitments elsewhere, more particularly in south Africa, were such as to preclude the immediate adoption of this course.
		At the time of the action of Erigo, the force in Somaliland had consisted of 2400 rifles, of which no less than 1500 were local levies.
		While a third attempt was in the last stages of preparation, the operation commander, Lieutenant-Colonel Splendorelli, was ambushed between Bud Bud and Buula Barde.
	dodona.proboards35.com /index.cgi?board=history&action=print&thread=1138405000 (5004 words)

	Science Fair Projects - George Murray Rolland
		George Murray Rolland was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
		He was 33 years old, and a Captain in the 1st Bombay Grenadiers, Indian Army, employed Berbera-Bohotle Flying Column during the Third Somaliland Expedition when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
		Captain Rolland and another captain (William George Walker), with four other men were with a fellow officer when he fell badly wounded and Captain Rolland ran back some 500 yards to get help while the others stayed with the casualty, endeavouring to keep off the enemy who were all round.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/George_Murray_Rolland (368 words)

	The Majeerteen Sultanates
		It was founded by Yusuf Ali in the middle of the nineteenth century in central Somaliland.
		With the elimination of the north-eastern sultanates and the breaking of the Benaadir resistance, from this period henceforth, Italian Somaliland was to become a reality.
		The partition of Somaliland was already shaping during this period and the fate of the Somalis was at the mercy of the colonial powers.
	www.mudugonline.com /MajertainSaltanates/Sultanate.htm (2877 words)

	The Myth of Air ControlReassessing the History
		After the successful operation in Somaliland, in March 1921 at the Cairo Conference on Mideast Affairs, chaired by Colonial Secretary Winston Churchill, Air Marshal Trenchard formally proposed that the RAF take over the task of directing military operations in Iraq and that the primary British force employed in that troublesome country be RAF squadrons.
		Somaliland had been a very small operation, but the problems in Iraq were enormous, and the military situation looked grim for the British.
		Since disruption and destruction were the goal of a punitive expedition, a small force of airplanes proved cheaper and more efficient since it could inflict as much damage as a large and cumbersome ground-force expedition.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/apj/apj00/win00/corum.htm (9418 words)

	THE CORPORAL WHO SAT ON THE THRONE OF KINGI GEORGI
		The naval force was to consist of 700 combatants and 150 non-combatants with four 7pdr and four machine guns and rockets, to be landed at Kipini.
		The third memo detailed the landing of an advance party to make its way towards Witu and camp before nightfall, to await the remainder of the force the following day.
		Oman died shortly afterwards and a chief who had been the headman at Witu, Omar bin Hamid was appointed the new Sultan by the British in July 1895 and peace returned to the region.
	home.comcast.net /~kenyaregiment/WituExpeditions.html (3501 words)

	Chinese History, Regent Tour China
		The Ming maritime expeditions stopped rather suddenly after 1433, the date of the last voyage.
		Historians have given as one of the reasons the great expense of large-scale expeditions at a time of preoccupation with northern defenses against the Mongols.
		Zheng Ho was born in 1371 in Yunnan province.
	www.regenttour.com /china/history/ming.htm (1254 words)

	FRANCIA
		Francis I was only a third cousin of Charles VIII, marrying his second cousin, Claudia, the daughter of Louis XII.
		Notions that these West African territories might be linked to French Somaliland led to the confrontation of an expedition under Jean Baptiste Marchand with the British at Fashoda in the Sudan in 1898.
		With the Third Republic, France settled in to a modern democratic normalcy.
	www.friesian.com /francia.htm (14084 words)

	The Victoria Cross
		Third Ashanti Expedition (1900 - 1901) 2 awards
		Third Somaliland Expedition (1902 - 1903) 3 awards
		Fourth Somaliland Expedition (1903 - 1905) 2 awards
	www.hoganstand.com /general/identity/geese/stories/victoria.htm (980 words)

	Mediterranean Operations
		The expedition was hurriedly planned, the headquarters was an improvised one, the troops were not the most experienced or the best trained, and the Greeks, although brave, were ill equipped.
		The Greek expedition deprived the British of the chance of seizing Tripoli and of expelling the Italians from North Africa.
		In mid-March, Allied intelligence staffs estimated that about a third of the German strength in the west was employed in Italy, and this was judged to be an important factor in the success of Overlord.
	www.angelfire.com /hi/wwiifrontline/medit.html (12568 words)

	tecolahagos.com - ethiopian related issues and commentary
		National Security States are Third World states within the sphere of influence of the United States, led and controlled by military elites whose ideology combines elements of Nazism with pre-Enlightenment notions of hierarchy and inequality, and implement extreme violence such as torture, murder and disappearances as routine method of suppression of innocent citizens.
		The dilemma faced by political activists from Third World countries, in reporting to the world the atrocities committed by a repressive Third World government, is that their appeal to the community of nations cuts both ways.
		It is very possible that Western governments, on hearing about the atrocities committed by governments of Third World countries on their own people, might look at the total picture and conclude that the entire people are brutal savages; in their eyes both victims and perpetrators are one and the same.
	www.tecolahagos.com /part4.htm (16279 words)

	Dear Robert;
		The “de facto” Somaliland Ambassador to the US is Dr. Saad Noor, who lives in Northern Virginia, and is not recognized by either the US or the UN, but has a full time job in trying to get recognition for his separatist state.
		A second option would be for your team to see patients and treat them on out-patient basis if you are ready to provide them with the necessary prescriptions that might be needed.
		Third option would be for us to arrange for your team to carry out some operations on the understanding that you will bring your sutures, dressings, instruments etc..
	home.gwu.edu /~gwg/journal/Year04/04-Jan-B/04-Jan-B-2.htm (3576 words)

	World War Two Axis1
		Originally published in 1940, Roman Eagles over Ethiopia sets forth the events leading up to the expedition, the various handicaps of terrain and climate, the traits and defense of the natives, and the complete movements of combat operations by the Italian Army under Generals De Bono, Badoglio and Graziani.
		The remarkable early successes of the armed forces of the Third Reich prompted the decision that the supreme decoration for personal valour or outstanding leadership "the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross" was insufficient.
		Uniforms of The Third Reich by Arthur Hayes (author of SS Uniforms, Insignia and Accoutrements) and Jon Maguire.
	www.warbooks.com /wwaxis1.html (8596 words)

	[No title]
		Douglas Jardine, British Secretary to the Administration in Somaliland from 1916 to 1921, wrote that the Mullah apparently attributed the (initial) lack of success which attended his religious mission to the political conditions existing in Somaliland.
		He came to the conclusion that, in order to achieve his religious object it was necessary to add a political plank to his platform, namely, the substitution of his temporal authority for that of the tribal leaders and their infidel overlord.
		In a period of four years, a third of the British Protectorate's population was killed, and the carnage destroyed most of the livestock and farmland.
	sociologyesoscience.com /hroots2.html (4223 words)

	The First British Official Historians
		The Mahsud-Waziri Expedition of 1881: Diaries of Officers of the Q. 's Dept. in India attached to the Mahsud-Waziri Expeditionary Force.
		The London branch produced histories of the Ashanti Expedition of 1873, the Zulu War of 1879, the Egyptian Campaign of 1882, the Campaign in the Sudan in 1885, and the Operations in Somaliland, 1901-04.
		Perhaps, Maurice reasoned, the fate of the next expedition to leave England would depend upon the public understanding those factors that had been ignored after the initial landings in Egypt, when it had taken considerable time to accumulate supplies, repair railroads, and remove obstacles from the Canal.
	www.warchronicle.com /britain/first_officials.htm (4266 words)

	Somaliland: this is NOT Somalia! \| White African
		Somaliland suffered, before, from a two-decade long humiliation, dereliction, injustice, and repression (1960-1980) and a decade long merciless campaign of atrocities and destruction (1981-1991) through indiscriminate heavy bombardment on civilians, cities (Hargeisa and Burao) towns, and rural areas by warplanes, tanks and artillery.
		Somaliland’s Prime Minister was assigned the relatively junior post of Minister of Education in a cabinet heavily dominated by southerners.
		A statement released yesterday by the Somaliland Forum, a Diaspora group campaigning for the international recognition of Somaliland’s independence, made clear that “on May 31, 2001, the people of Somaliland made their wishes clear to the world.” The wishes were of a quick international recognition of their ten year old state.
	whiteafrican.com /?p=80 (17175 words)

	Amphibious, Landings, WW2, Dakar, Somaliland, Torch, North Africa, Madagascar, Sicily, Salerno, shingle
		The capital of Berbera was evacuated on the 14th and the garrison carried across to Aden.
		British Somaliland Landings - British forces were transported from Aden to Berbera in British Somaliland on the 16th.
		Fighting continued until March 1944 when, assisted by further landings, the western third of the island was secured.
	www.naval-history.net /WW2CampaignsAmphibious.htm (6415 words)

	Somaliland.Org
		Rodd handed over to Abyssinia a large area of Somaliland including some of the tribes with whom we had entered into solemn obligations for their protection .
		In 1946, when most of the Somaliland homeland (British Somali protectorate, Italian Somaliland, Somali territory under Ethiopia, and Somali territory under British East African colonies) were under British control, Mr.
		It is suffice to mention that since from those early times to this day, the troops and administrators of Abyssinia and contemporary Ethiopia have never abated their gross human rights violations of raids of killing, robbing, looting, raping and displacing the Somali people it conquered and dominated.
	www.somaliland.org /opinions.asp?ID=07011400 (7390 words)

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