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	Third Estate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In France of the ancien régime and the age of the French Revolution, the term Third Estate (tiers état) indicated the generality of people which were not part of the clergy (the First Estate) nor of the nobility (the Second Estate).
		The Third Estate comprised all those who were not members of the aristocracy or the clergy, including peasants, working people and the bourgeoisie.
		The Third Estate, containing representatives of the bourgeois, asked for a greater share of representation than it had possessed in earlier centuries; they were given twice as many representatives, but since voting was to be by the three Estates rather than by individual representatives, this gave them no immediately meaningful advantage.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Third_Estate (464 words)

	Third World definition
		Like the third estate, wrote Sauvy, the third world is nothing, and it "wants to be something." The term therefore implies that the third world is exploited, much as the third estate was exploited, and that, like the third estate its destiny is a revolutionary one.
		The underdevelopment of the third world is marked by a number of common traits; distorted and highly dependent economies devoted to producing primary products for the developed world and to provide markets for their finished goods; traditional, rural social structures; high population growth; and widespread poverty.
		Third World is a term originally used to distinguish those nations that neither aligned with the West nor with the East during the Cold War.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /General/ThirdWorld_def.html (2614 words)

	Encyclopedia: Estates-General of 1789 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Though the Third Estate had more representatives than the other two Estates combined, voting was to occur "by orders": the 578 representatives of the Third Estate, after deliberating, would have their collective vote weighted exactly as heavily as that of each of the other Estates.
		On June 13, 1789 the Third Estate had arrived at a resolution to examine and settle in common the powers of the three orders, and invited to this common work those of the clergy and nobles.
		Some of the nobles and the majority of the clergy joined the Third Estate, which on June 17 arrived at the celebrated decision by which it affirmed the principle of the national sovereignty residing in the mass of the nation.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Estates_General-of-1789 (3310 words)

	Estate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Estate (law), a term used in common law to signify the total of a person's property, entitlements and obligations
		Estate (house) may mean the grounds surrounding any very large property, such as a country house or mansion
		Estates of the realm, eg the Third Estate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/estate (178 words)

	Third Estate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Third Estate comprised all those who were not members of the aristocracy or the clergy, including peasants, working peopleand the bourgeoisie.
		The Third Estate, containing representatives of the bourgeois, asked for greater share of representation thanit had possessed in earlier centuries; they were given twice as many representatives, but since voting was to be by the threeEstates rather than by individual representatives, this gave them no immediately meaningful advantage.
		The Third Estate, along with the support of sympathetic clergy and aristocrats, managed to win supportof both the popular mobs of Paris and of much of the national military, and thus found itself in a position to reorganize theFrench state as it saw fit.
	www.therfcc.org /third-estate-15790.html (451 words)

	Encyclopedia: Third Estate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		In France under the ancien régime, the Estates of the realm were the three divisions of the Estates-General.
		Absolute monarchy is an idealized form of government, a monarchy where the ruler has the power to rule his or her country and citizens freely with no laws or legally-organized direct opposition telling him or her what to do, although some religious authority may be able to discourage the...
		The term Fourth Estate refers to the press, both in its explicit capacity of advocacy and in its implicit ability to frame political issues.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Third-Estate (1537 words)

	Cahier of the Third Estate of Dourdan
		That provincial Estates, subordinate to the Estates General, {78} be established and charged with the assessment and levying of subsidies, with their deposit in the national treasury, with the administration of all public works, and with the examination of all projects conducive to the prosperity of lands situated within the limits of their jurisdiction.
		That such Estates be composed of freely elected deputies of the three orders from the cities, boroughs, and parishes subject to their administration, and in the proportion established for the next session of the Estates General.
		That in case of the death or retirement of deputies of the order of the third estate in the Estates General, or of any one among them, during the course of the next session, the present electors be authorized to reassemble to elect others in their place.
	sourcebook.fsc.edu /history/cahierthird.html (2434 words)

	Estate - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Estate is a term used in common law to signify the total of a person's property, entitlements and obligations.
		Estate may mean the grounds surrounding any very large property, such as a country house or mansion.
		One of the Estates of the realm, such as the Third Estate.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /estate.htm (192 words)

	estate. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		In many cases the estates might merely advise the sovereign, and their decisions were not binding.
		A crucial moment in the French Revolution was the rejection of voting according to estates and the merger of the States-General into the national assembly.
		The English Parliament may be viewed historically as a representative body of the estates; the nobility and the Church of England are represented by the House of Lords, and the commons—the remaining adult citizens—by the House of Commons.
	www.bartleby.com /65/es/estate.html (322 words)

	Third Estate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Due in part a limited franchise the representatives of the Estate actually came from the wealthy upper sometimes the term's meaning has been restricted the middle class as opposed to the working class.
		When Louis XVI did not respond the Estate declared itself (June 17 1789) the National Assembly invited representatives of the other two to join them and signed the Tennis Court Oath demanding a constitution for France.
		The Estate along with the support of sympathetic and aristocrats managed to win support of the popular mobs of Paris and of of the national military and thus found in a position to reorganize the French as it saw fit.
	www.freeglossary.com /Third_estate (691 words)

	THIRD ESTATE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		In France of the ancien_rÃ©gime and the age of the French_Revolution, the term Third Estate (tiers Ã©tat) indicated the generality of people which were not part of the clergy (the First_Estate) nor of the nobility (the Second_Estate).
		Due in part to a limited franchise, the representatives of the Third Estate actually came from the wealthy upper bourgeoisie; sometimes the term's meaning has been restricted to the middle_class, as opposed to the working_class.
		When Louis XVI did not respond, the Third Estate declared itself (June_17, 1789) the National Assembly, invited representatives of the other two estates to join them, and signed the Tennis_Court_Oath demanding a democratic constitution for France.
	www.livingflowers.com /Third_Estate (431 words)

	Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.3, Entry 257, THIRD ESTATE: Library of Economics and Liberty
		That the third estate was not everything is proved by the revolution of 1789, which was its victory.
		Whatever may have been the weaknesses and faults of its opponents, it had to struggle greatly to overcome them, and the struggle was so violent that the third estate was decomposed in the struggle, and paid dearly for the triumph which it won.
		But as soon as it gained this victory and accomplished this revolution, the third estate sought a new one; it attacked the single power which it had so much contributed to establish, and it undertook to change the pure monarchy into a constitutional one.
	www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy1027.html (1620 words)

	[No title]
		The third estate, ground down by the court, humiliated by the nobility, was itself divided into corporations, which, in their turn, exercised upon each other the evil and the contempt they received from the higher classes.
		It possessed scarcely a third part of the land, and this was burdened with the feudal rents due to the lords of the manor, tithes to the clergy, and taxes to the king.
		It was almost entirely in favour of the third estate, that the new revolution was about to operate, and the first two orders were induced to unite with the court against the third estate, as but lately they had coalesced with the third estate against the court.
	www.gutenberg.net /dirs/etext06/8hfrr10.txt (19227 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Sieyes: What is the Third Estate?
		It would be superfluous to take them up one by one, for the purpose of showing that everywhere the Third Estate attends to nineteen-twentieths of them, with this distinction; that it is laden with all that which is really painful, with all the burdens which the privileged classes refuse to carry.
		That this might come about, it would be necessary that the Third Estate should refuse to fill these places, or that it should be less ready to exercise their functions.
		The Third Estate embraces then all that which belongs to the nation; and all that which is not the Third Estate, cannot be regarded as being of the nation.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/sieyes.html (948 words)

	Third Estate - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		By this point, however, the French aristocracy has declined in power and influence, while the bourgeoisie had become much more important and conscious of itself as a class.
		When Louis XVI did not respond, the Third Estate declared itself (June 17, 1789) the National Assembly, invited representatives of the other two estates to join them, and signed the Tennis Court Oath demanding a constitution for France.
		The Third Estate, along with the support of sympathetic clergy and aristocrats, managed to win support of both the popular mobs of Paris and of much of the national military, and thus found itself in a position to reorganize the French state as it saw fit.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Third_estate (465 words)

	Questions & Answers: First, second and third worlds
		Third world was coined in French (le tiers monde) by the population expert Alfred Sauvy, to refer to those poor countries, especially in Latin America, Africa and Asia, which were aligned with neither the communist nor the capitalist blocs.
		The Third Estate was the commons or the ordinary people, the First Estate being the clergy and the Second Estate the nobility (the English term Fourth Estate, the press, came from this classification by analogy some decades later).
		Third world was taken up in translation by economists and politicians in Britain and the United States in the early 1960s.
	www.worldwidewords.org /qa/qa-wor3.htm (432 words)

	Sieyes
		In the summer of 1789, for instance, he was the political theorist of the Third Estate in its struggle to establish a national representative assembly, and in 1799 he was a leading figure in the coup d' état that put Bonaparte in power.
		But if the Third Estate is forced to submit to a prejudice consecrated by law, there is no reason for it to submit to a prejudice contrary to the text of the law.
		The modest intention of the Third Estate is to have in the Estates General an influence equal to that of the privileged.
	userhome.brooklyn.cuny.edu /pnapoli/core4/f2002/sieyes.html (2904 words)

	Third Estate - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Third Estate, containing representatives of the bourgeois, asked for greater share of representation than it had possessed in earlier centuries; they were given twice as many representatives, but since voting was to be by the three Estates rather then by individual representatives, this gave them no immediately meanigful advantage.
		The Third Estate, along with the support of sympathetic clergy and aristocrats, managed to win support of both the popular mobs of Paris and of much of the national military, and thus found itself itself in a position to reorganize the French state as it saw fit.
		Estates of the realm, especially for comparison to Great Britain.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Third_Estate (496 words)

	Third Estate -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		in France of the pre-Revolutionary monarchy, the representative assembly of the three “estates,” or orders of the realm: the clergy and nobility—which were privileged minorities—and a Third Estate, which represented the majority of the people.
		The Estates-General, an assembly of the three estates of the realm—the clergy, the nobility, and the commons—was summoned to meet in Paris in May 1789 in an attempt to implement the necessary reforms.
		Agriculture was then, as at all times, the principal industry; the cultivated land, apart from about 1,000 manors, consisted of about 80,000 farms, clustered together in groups of 5 to 20 as villages.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9072141?tocId=9072141 (949 words)

	Grievances of the Third Estate
		The cahiers from all three estates expressed loyalty to the monarchy and the church and called for a written constitution and an elected assembly.
		The Cahier of the Third Estate of Dourdan, in the généralité of Orleans (one of the thirty-four administrative units into which pre-revolutionary Fra../../honwh.htmnce was divided), expressed the reformist hopes of the Third Estate.
		That if the Estates General considers necessary to preserve the fees of aides [tax commodities], such fees be made uniform throughout the entire kingdom and reduced a single denomination....
	teachers.sduhsd.k12.ca.us /ltrupe/sources/demideas_frrev/grievances.htm (824 words)

	French Third Estate/Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Third Estate was one of three estates or ranks that made up the country of France.
		Estates separated the clergy from the noblemen, and the noblemen from the peasants.
		The Third Estate was the worst off of all three estates.
	www.smfc.k12.ca.us /class/laurel/lalosh2/francepg1.html (331 words)

	Cahier 3
		Deputies of the Third Estate, or their president or speaker, shall preserve the same attitude and demeanor as the representatives of the two upper orders, when they address the sovereign.
		The constitution of the provincial estates shall be uniform throughout the kingdom, and fixed by the States General.
		We solicit the establishment of public graneries in the provinces, under the control of the provincial estates, in order that by accmnulating reserves during years of plenty, famine and excessive dearness of grain, such as we have experienced in the past may be prevented.
	history.hanover.edu /texts/cahiers3.html (3813 words)

	Third Estate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Third Estate comprised all those who not members of the aristocracy or the including peasants working people and the bourgeoisie.
		A great textbook covering development within the area of sports venues, convention centers and entertainment facilities, this book provides great guidance for anyone from the novice/student, to the most experienced city planner.
		This book was one of the first "bestseller" types of books I have read on real estate investing, and I was fairly disappointed.
	www.freeglossary.com /Third_State (691 words)

	third estate - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about third estate
		In pre-revolutionary France, the order of society comprising the common people as distinct from members of the first estate (clergy) or the second estate (nobility).
		Third Echelon Test Set Electro Optical Variant (USMC)
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /third+estate (102 words)

	[No title]
		The clergy nominated bishops and abbes attached to privilege, and cures favourable to the popular cause, which was their own; lastly, the third estate selected men enlightened, firm, and unanimous in their wishes.
		The third estate being, on account of its double representation, the most numerous order, had the Salle des Etats allotted to it, and there awaited the two other orders; it considered its situation as provisional, its members as presumptive deputies, and adopted a system of inactivity till the other orders should unite with it.
		The commons were unanimous, and alone formed the numerical half of the states-general; the nobility had in its bosom some popular dissentients; the majority of the clergy, composed of several bishops, friends of peace, and of the numerous class of the cures, the third estate of the church, entertained sentiments favourable to the commons.
	www.gutenberg.net /dirs/etext06/7hfrr10.txt (19227 words)

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