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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Third gender
		The terms third gender and third sex describe individuals who are considered to be neither women nor men, as well as the social category present in those societies who recognize three or more genders.
		Gender studies is a theoretical work in the social sciences or humanities that focuses on issues of sex and gender in language and society, and often addresses related issues including racial and ethnic oppression, postcolonial societies, and globalization.
		Throughout much of the 20th century, the term "third sex" was a popular descriptor for homosexuals and gender nonconformists, but after Gay Liberation of the 1970s and a growing separation of the concepts of sexual orientation and gender identity, the term fell out of favor among LGBT communities and the wider public.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Third-gender (8102 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Third gender
		It is your society's problem that you only recognise two sexes.' Hijra social movements have campaigned for recognition as a third sex, and in 2005, Indian passport application forms were updated with three gender options: M, F, and E (for male, female, and eunuch, respectively).
		People described themselves as members of a third sex in Europe from at least the 1860s with the writings of Karl Heinrich Ulrichs and continuing in the late 19th century with Magnus Hirschfeld, John Addington Symonds, Edward Carpenter, Aimée Duc and others.
		Various texts suggest that third sex individuals were well known in premodern India, and included male-bodied or female-bodied people as well as intersexuals, and that they can often be recognised from childhood.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Third_gender (3334 words)

	Neither Man nor Woman: Third Gender study
		Third gendered butches are seen as woman-hating rather than authentic when they try to be their genuinely masculine selves.
		But while this intermediate gendered experience is not recognized here, there are many non-western cultures that have institutionalized roles for third gendered people.
		Third gendered people are the artists and performers, healers and shamans of these cultures.
	www.sover.net /~sharing/gender.html (753 words)

	www.ThirdGender666.com
		To say "I was born the Third Gender" is to curse the name of the Lord, meaning evil speaking or slander attributing some evil to God.
		The concept of a Third Gender is an attempt to demean the plan, throne, sovereignty, and supreme power of the Creator.
		The Third Sex, a lesbian pulp novel from 1959 opened the minds of Americans to this secret society.
	www.thirdgender666.com (360 words)

	Deified, Ostracized, and Medicalized: A study of the interaction between third genders and their societies.
		These third genders are not hidden away; instead they hold culturally significant roles in their communities.
		It is this in-between gender stage and assumed lack of sexual drive that allows them to benefit from the Mata's power, and thus become her earthly vessel (Nanda 1999:25).
		Even the tolerant Navajo required their third genders to conform to a social identity, man, woman, or eunuch, which was culturally constructed.
	www.softassteel.com /files/bio/work/anth.html (5244 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Third gender (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Today this scheme is also known as binary gender system or heteronormativity.
		Third gender was widely used until the World War II in Europe.
		Non-Western cultures often had or have accepted gender roles for third-gendered people, for example the American Indian berdache and two-spirit[?] people, or the Indian Hidschras[?].
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/th/Third_gender (157 words)

	THIRD GENDER : Encyclopedia Entry
		The terms third gender and third sex describe individuals who are considered to be neither women nor men, as well as the social category present in those societies who recognize three or more genders.
		In the 1899 novel Das dritte Geschlecht (The Third Sex) by Ernst Ludwig von Wolzogen, feminists are portrayed as "neuters" with external female characteristics accompanied by a crippled male psyche.
		Throughout much of the 20th century, the term "third sex" was a popular descriptor for homosexuals and gender nonconformists, but after Gay Liberation of the 1970s and a growing separation of the concepts of sexual orientation and gender identity, the term fell out of favor among LGBT communities and the wider public.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Third_gender (5035 words)

	FEMINIST ANTHROPOLOGY
		Third wave feminism was also influence by Said’s Orientalism, and by postmodern discourse in general, which encouraged an evaluation of the politics of representation.
		Ortner (1996), also a prominent figure in the third wave, argues that gender is determined by the consideration of women as creators of nature, e.g.
		The third recent influence on feminist anthropology is performance theory - an extension of the anti-structuralism of the 1970s.
	www.indiana.edu /~wanthro/fem.htm (3271 words)

	Affirmative Action
		Gender identity is a psychological quality; unlike biological sex, it can't be observed or measured (at least by current means), only reported by the individual.
		In between are gender expressions that are androgynous (neither masculine nor feminine) and those that combine elements of the two (sometimes called gender bending).
		Gender expression can vary for an individual from day to day or in different situations, but most people can identify a range on the scale where they feel the most comfortable.
	www.wesleyan.edu /affirm/sexandgender.html (1043 words)

	Gendercide Watch - case studies
		Nonetheless, an understanding of the gendered strategies of incarceration and extermination pursued by the Nazis throws important light upon the Holocaust, and on genocidal strategies as a whole.
		From a gender perspective, a strong trend was evident in the expulsion of women, children, and the elderly, the sexual assault of younger Kosovar women, and the systematic targeting of the "battle-age" male population for mass execution, detention, and torture.
		But gender played an important role, and in many respects the Purge period of Soviet history can be considered the worst gendercide of the twentieth century.
	www.gendercide.org /case.html (1948 words)

	society and third
		Gender (masculinity/femininity) is based on subordinating one’s internal sense of self to the norms and regulations of a society which is a binary, with an arbitrary boundary drawn between two socially accepted sexes and equating one’s sense of self with the norms and regulations.
		In such a social system, third sex socialisation is part of the natural fabric and forms the very basis of a rational acceptance of trans and intersex identities which is transmitted from generation to generation, both by kinship and social norms.
		I categorise effeminate or hypermasculine genders or constructs, whether their performance be deliberate or not, as one, exclusive and superimposed gender: by extension, an effeminate woman and an effeminate man, a hypermasculine man or woman, an effeminate transsexed person, an effeminate intersexed person.
	natamauve.free.fr /society_and_third.html (2150 words)

	Scholarly Articles - Gender Neutral Bibles.com by the Council on Biblical Manhood & Womanhood
		Gender in the linguistic sense (in contrast to the biological categories of male and female) is a grammatical category, that is, a "form," differing from language to language.
		The third-person singular has three genders, “he,” “she,” and “it.” Until recently the masculine forms, “he/him/his/himself,” served as default forms in generic statements.
		Third, and finally, some writers adopt a style in which they oscillate between using generic “she” and generic “he.” This oscillating use is not objectionable to feminists.
	www.genderneutralbibles.com /scholar.php?id=1 (3605 words)

	Fun_People Archive - 12 Jul - Third Person Animate Singular, Gender-Neutral
		She replies, that it seems the current linguistic trend is to substitute "she" in cases where one in the past would likely have used a generic "he." This is to avoid reinforcing stereotypical gender roles and traditional power structures, she explains.
		It is frustrating for them (nondescript in gender, incorrect in number) because their intention is to use language to express their ideas correctly, succinctly and without insult.
		Either pronoun can be, and is, used to refer to a person of either gender, whereas "E" could also stand for "either." Use of the new pronoun when we really mean "either" would enable the old pronouns to retain their precise meanings.
	www.langston.com /Fun_People/1995/1995BAR.html (1109 words)

	Does ISNA think children with intersex should be raised without a gender, or in a third gender? \| Intersex Society of ...
		Does ISNA think children with intersex should be raised without a gender, or in a third gender?
		But there are at least two problems with trying to raise kids in a “third gender.”
		Second, and much more importantly, we are trying to make the world a safe place for intersex kids, and we don’t think labeling them with a gender category that in essence doesn’t exist would help them.
	www.isna.org /faq/third-gender (572 words)

	Sociology of gender Summary
		Sociology of gender is a prominent subfield of sociology.
		A person's gender is complex, encompassing countless characteristics of appearance, speech, movement and other factors not solely limited to biological sex.
		Societies tend to have binary gender systems in which everyone is categorized as male or female, but this is not universal.
	www.bookrags.com /Sociology_of_gender (1287 words)

	Social Watch
		Social Watch will participate in a panel discussion on “Gender Sensitive Indicators and Measurements of Change” organized by the UNDP and BRIDGE/IDS as a side event of the 51st Session of the Commission on the Status of Women of the United Nations.
		The 2007 Gender Equity Index will be presented at the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women in New York on March 7.
		The 2007 GEI ranks 154 countries on the basis of gender gaps in economic activity, education and empowerment.
	www.socwatch.org.uy /en/portada.htm (514 words)

	The Writing Center at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
		If you write with nonsexist language, you write to represent with fairness the gender identified in many words.
		Gender-fair language minimizes unnecessary concern about gender in your subject matter, allowing both you and your reader to focus on what people do rather than on which sex they happen to be.
		PROBLEM: By using either he, his, or him as a generic pronoun when the referent's gender is unknown or irrelevant, the writer misrepresents the species as male.
	www.rpi.edu /dept/llc/writecenter/web/genderfair.html (846 words)

	ivf-infertility.com \| Gender selection (sex selection)
		Gender selection has been associated with a number of ethical, moral, social and legal issues.
		However, gender selection for family balancing purposes is a very controversial issue.
		First, the method of choice in gender selection is preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) using FISH or PCR techniques.
	www.ivf-infertility.com /infertility/sex_selection.php (440 words)

	Third Gender
		Third Gender, Intersex, and hermaphrodites are all labels for the same group of people; a group of people that have been part of societies around the world since the beginning of time.
		This society deals with third gendered people by making them ashamed of who they are, making them hide their sexuality and by trying to force surgery upon them.
		This website shows third gendered people many different outlets for how to deal with their sexuality, it also shows how to start grassroots programs in their area if one does not already exist, this website is a great emotional stronghold for anyone dealing with third gendered problems.
	www.mindspring.com /~vmammone/NicoleHinnant (568 words)

	The Neurobiology of Gender Bending
		Whereas sex is concerned with physical anatomy, gender is concerned with "the behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with one sex" ((1)).
		Gender differentiations are commonly rooted in social constructs, but now it is possible to argue that some gender roles and identities are not purely the result of the environment and society but rather neurobiologically constructed, such as transsexual identities.
		Historian Sherry Ortner summarizes this distinction between socially acceptable gender roles when she argues that men have been equated with culture and the workforce and women to nature and childrearing ((2)).
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /bb/neuro/neuro05/web3/lbentz.html (2234 words)

	Haraway_CyborgManifesto.html
		Hilary Klein has argued that both Marxism and psychoanalysis, in their concepts of labour and of individuation and gender formation, depend on the plot of original unity out of which difference must be produced and enlisted in a drama of escalating domination of woman/nature.
		Gender, race, or class consciousness is an achievement forced on us by the terrible historica experience of the contradictory social realities of patriarchy, colonialism, and capitalism.
		Gender might not be global identity after all, even if it has profound historical breadth and depth.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/HPS/Haraway/CyborgManifesto.html (12077 words)

	Beijing +5 - Women 2000: Gender Equality, Development and Peace for the 21st Century Twenty-third special session of ...
		A panel on "Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective in Peacekeeping Operations" was held by the Department of Peace Keeping Operations (DPKO), the Office of the Special Advisor on Gender Issues (OSAGI) and the Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW).
		It further recognized that policies, programmes and budgetary processes should adopt a gender perspective, be based on a clear research based knowledge on the situation of women and girls and sex disaggregated data and be defined in terms of short and long term time-bound targets and measurable goals and follow up mechanisms to assess progress.
		Closure of the gender gap in primary and secondary education by 2005, and free and compulsory and universal primary education for both girls and boys by 2015 (67c);
	www.un.org /womenwatch/daw/followup/beijing%2B5.htm (4477 words)

	Cr@sh 4 - third gender
		In fact, it is quite common to regard such gender mismatch as followed by straying from "normal" sexuality.
		I view this particular gender as a special one, it exists only under a specific circumstances and a certain form of social interaction." During the interview, Lo has told us quite casually that she was a homosexual woman by broaching the subject of her romantic life and how to find a partner.
		It seemed quite inevitable to break away from the prescribed equation that dictates your sexuality by your gender alone - where "female = feminine = marrying a man as a wife" - after one has decided to define the way she dresses and present her gender in her own way.
	www.hku.hk /hkcsp/ccex/text/e_project/issue4/3gender/71.html (230 words)

	The Third Gender and Hybridity
		When I advocate thirdness, I frequently come into conflict with people who tell me that they their gender is clearly, unambiguously female or clearly, unambiguously male.
		The third is that which questions binary thinking and introduces crisis -- a crisis which is symptomized by both the overestimation and the underestimation of [transgenderism].
		Transgendered thirdness forces us to ask questions about how society defines gender, but it would be grossly inaccurate to claim that there is no gender or even that everyone is an individual gender.
	www.bcholmes.org /tg/tgthird.html (3564 words)

	Gender Roles and Gender Stratification
		Gender refers to society-- "gender roles" refer to what rights, obligations, responsibilities, behaviors, society sets for the two sexes.
		Present gender role divisions are outdated-- ok for hunting and gathering societies but no longer appropriate to the modern world.
		It seems that male and female infants are neutral at birth with respect to gender (or sex) identity, but by age 3 a child's gender identity is well established.
	www.people.vcu.edu /~jmahoney/gender101.htm (2029 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Goulet, Jean-Guy A. The 'berdache'/'two-spirit': a comparison of anthropological and native constructions of gendered identities among the Northern Athapaskans.
		The Third Gender in Ancient Egypt, Faris Malik.
		Horswell, Michael J. Transculturating Tropes of Sexuality, Tinkuy, and Third Gender in the Andes, introduction to "Decolonizing the Sodomite: Queer Tropes of Sexuality in Colonial Andean Culture".
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=third_gender (4734 words)

	Gay and Lesbian Vaishnava Association, Inc.
		Representatives of ‘Uranians’ or ‘homosexuals,’ such as Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, began to speak of themselves as feminine and belonging to a third sex and to transform this idea into a biological theory—which built on certain modes of behavior developed in cultures of the ‘sodomites’ and ‘mollies’ of those and earlier days—on the origins of homosexuality.
		Hirschfeld was the main defender of homosexuality as a third sex, claiming that it was a natural and normal variation of sexuality.
		Sexual and gendered roles and practices have long been known to be extremely varied along systematic lines in economy, society and culture.
	www.galva108.org /thirdgender.html (3191 words)

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