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	Database normalization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In relational databases, normalization is a process that eliminates redundancy, organizes data efficiently, reduces the potential for anomalies during data operations and improves data consistency.
		Normalizing the data is decomposing a single relation into a set of smaller relations which satisfy the constraints of the original relation.
		The first normal form requires that tables be made up of a primary key and a number of atomic fields, and the second and third deal with the relationship of non-key fields to the primary key.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Database_normalization (1808 words)

	A114/I111 Intro to Databases (1.5 cr.) - Fall Semester 2002
		Describe the problems associated with tables (relations) that are not in first normal form, second normal form, or third normal form, along with the mechanism for converting to all three.
		Describe the problems associated with tables (relations) that are not in fourth normal form and describe the mechanism for converting to fourth normal form.
		Normalization is a progression in which a table that is in first normal form is better than a table that is not in first normal form, a table that is in second normal form is better than a table in first normal form, and so on.
	www.cs.indiana.edu /classes/a114-dger/fall2002/notes/Nine.html (954 words)

	Normalise to Higher Normal Forms \| Database Solutions for Microsoft Access \| databasedev.co.uk
		Designing your tables to comply with 3NF (third normal form) is usually sufficient to ensure good design so, most of the time, you can stop right here.
		The second choice, however, would not comply with third normal form because the CourseNum is not determined by the combination of Student and TA; it only depends on the value in TA (see the business rules).
		This is the situation that Boyce-Codd normal form addresses; the combination of Student + TA could not be considered to be a candidate key.
	www.databasedev.co.uk /higher_norm_form.html (1342 words)

	Curlingstone Publishing
		Normalization works striving to store any given fact in the database "one way, one time, and in one place." By doing so, we avoid many data consistency issues such as having to edit or delete information in multiple records, in different columns, or in different tables.
		A table is considered to be in Third Normal Form (3NF) if it is already in Second Normal Form and all columns that are not part of the primary key are dependent entirely on the primary key.
		This form was proposed by IBM's Ron Fagin in his paper "A normal form for relational databases that is based on domains and keys." In a pretty interesting argument, Fagin asserts that we don't really need functional dependencies to define our tables.
	www.curlingstone.com /Normalization2.html (3272 words)

	Introduction to Object-Orientation and the UML
		An example is class normalization, the object-oriented version of data normalization, a collection of simple rules for reducing coupling and increasing cohesion within your object designs.
		In the data world there is a common process called data normalization by which you organize data in such a way as to reduce and even eliminate data redundancy, effectively increasing the cohesiveness of data entities.
		Class normalization is a process by which you reorganize the structure of your object schema in such a way as to increase the cohesion of classes while minimizing the coupling between them.
	www.agiledata.org /essays/objectOrientation101.html (3375 words)

	Normalisation - Relational Database Design (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		When we are designing a relational database we need to be aware of all kinds of anomalous situations that can arise as a result of the structure of the data we are working with.
		The processes of normalisation attempt to minimise the impact of the various anomalies but before looking at that in detail we need to review some other topics relating to the association between the attributes of entities.
		A third danger is the possibility of breaching the two-dimensional structure of the table (see property 1).
	www.pathology.ufl.edu /~computer/training/rdb_course/rdbd_n1.html (1958 words)

	3 Normal Forms Database Tutorial
		For those who wish to pursue the matter in greater depth, a list of references for further reading is provided at the end.
		The First Normal Form refers specifically to the "item" columns that are repeated in Figure B: some inventory items are shared by more than one order.
		Notice how the columns that didn't violate Second Normal Form stay where they are in the order_items table.
	www.phlonx.com /resources/nf3.php (1736 words)

	Third Normal Form (3NF)
		Although transforming a relation that is not in 2NF into a number of relations that are in 2NF removes many of the anomalies that appear in the relation that was not in 2NF, not all anomalies are removed and further normalization is sometime needed to ensure further removal of anomalies.
		A relation R is in third normal form if it is in 2NF and every non-key attribute of R is non-transitively dependent on each candidate key of R.
		To understand the third normal form, we need to define transitive dependence which is based on one of Armstrong's axioms.
	www.cs.jcu.edu.au /Subjects/cp1500/1998/Lecture_Notes/normalisation/3nf.html (513 words)

	Third Normal Form (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Therefore, to make this table third normal form we need to split out city state and zip fields into a table of there own and then just have the zip in the employee table:
		The two tables are now in third normal form.
		To change this table to third normal form we need to break out the Student Advisor and Advisor Phone fields into a separate table.
	www.blueclaw-db.com /database_3rd_normal_form.htm (288 words)

	An SQL Introduction - Normal Form
		Third normal form is about removing transitive dependencies.
		Likewise (after we've accepted that defining a drug regimen is a good idea, and decided that a regimen constitutes a particular dose and frequency), we cannot add a new drug regimen until we've normalised our tables to third normal form.
		There are other 'higher' forms of normalisation, for even third normal form doesn't guarantee that all 'anomalies' have been removed.
	www.anaesthetist.com /mnm/sql/normal.htm (1207 words)

	MySQL Database Design > Third Normal Form (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A database is in Third Normal Form (3NF) if it is in 2NF and every nonkey column is independent of every other nonkey column.
		Further, because of their more intricate nature, normalized databases will most likely be slower for updating, retrieving data from, and modifying.
		Normalization requires that you favor data integrity and scalability over simplicity and speed.
	www.peachpit.com /articles/article.asp?p=30885&seqNum=6 (473 words)

	MySQL Database Design > Normalization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Normalization was developed by an IBM researcher named E.F. Codd in the early 1970s (he also invented the relational database).
		In this chapter I will discuss the first three of the normal forms, which is sufficient for most database designs.
		Before you begin normalizing your database, you must define the role of the application being developed.
	www.peachpit.com /articles/article.asp?p=30885&seqNum=6 (506 words)

	Third Normal Form (3NF) - Normalising Your Database \| Database Solutions for Microsoft Access \| databasedev.co.uk
		Now we've looked at normalising a database to 1NF (First Normal Form) and to 2NF (Second Normal Form) we will continue to investigate normalising to Third Normal Form.
		Re-examine your tables to make sure there are no unnecessarily repeating values in non-key fields and that the value in each non-key field is determined by the value(s) in the key field(s).
		In most cases 3NF should be sufficient to ensure that your database is properly normalised, however higher normal forms can be achieved.
	www.databasedev.co.uk /3norm_form.html (410 words)

	Learn IT: Unleashing the Power of the Database - a definition from Whatis.com
		Normalization is a guiding process for database table design that ensures, at four levels of stringency, increasing confidence that results of using the database are unambiguous and as intended.
		Basically a refinement process, normalization tests a table design for the way it stores data, so that it will not lead to the unintentional deletion of records, for example, and that it will reliably return the data requested.
		In the third normal form, these tables would be divided into two tables so that product pricing would be tracked separately.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci934543,00.html (2898 words)

	Normal Form Definitions & Examples
		A relation R is in second normal form (2NF) if and only if it is in 1NF and every non-key attribute is fully dependent on the primary key
		A relation R is in third normal form (3NF) if and only if it is in 2NF and every non-key attribute is non-transitively dependent on the primary key.
		A relation R having just one candidate key is in third normal form (3NF) if and only if the non-key attributes of R (if any) are: 1) mutually independent, and 2) fully dependent on the primary key of R. A non-key attribute is any column which is not part of the primary key.
	defiant.yk.psu.edu /~lxn/IST_210/normal_form_definitions.html (923 words)

	Converting from Third Normal Form to Boyce-Codd Normal Form (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Converting from Third Normal Form to Boyce-Codd Normal Form*
		However, this table is not in Boyce-Codd Normal Form, due to the presence of the (
		This material is summarized from Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation, and Management (Third Edition), by Thomas Connolly and Carolyn Begg, Addison-Wesley, ©2002, ISBN 0-201-70857.
	www.rivier.edu /faculty/bhiggs/web/cs610aweb/3NFToBCNF.htm (327 words)

	ITS/CVO CVISN Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Any injury, other than a fatal injury, which prevents the injured person from walking, driving or normally continuing the activities the person was capable of performing before the injury occurred.
		The transportation of highway trailers or removable trailer bodies on rail cars specifically equipped for the service. It is essentially a joint carrier movement in which the motor carrier forms a pickup and delivery operation to a rail terminal, as well as a delivery operation at the terminating railhead.
		A motor vehicle designed to carry an entire load. It may consist of a chassis and body, a chassis, cab and body, or it may be of integral construction so that the body and chassis form a single unit.
	cvisn.fmcsa.dot.gov /Introcvisn/glossv20.shtml (7928 words)

	Third Normal Form
		When we cannot meet all three design criteria, we abandon BCNF and accept a weaker form called third normal form (3NF).
		A database design is in 3NF if each member of the set of relation schemas is in 3NF.
		Note that we require the set F of functional dependencies to be in canonical form.
	www.cs.sfu.ca /CC/354/zaiane/material/notes/Chapter7/node11.html (283 words)

	The Third Normal Form Is the Base of Your Data Warehouse
		The Third Normal Form Is the Base of Your Data Warehouse
		To successfully deploy a future extensible enterprise data warehouse, the data warehouse modeler, data architects and database administrators must understand the importance of a Third Normal Form data layer that supports the data warehouse.
		Reproduction and distribution of this publication in any form without prior written permission is forbidden.
	www.gartner.com /DisplayDocument?doc_cd=130021&ref=g_rss (233 words)

	Star schema Definition \| Computer Dictionary \| Define meaning of Star schema
		Fact tables in star schema are mostly in third normal form (3NF), but dimensional tables in de-normalized second normal form (2NF).
		If you want to normalize dimensional tables, they look like snowflakes (see snowflake schema) and the same problems of relational databases arise - you need complex queries and business users cannot easily understand the meaning of data.
		Although query performance may be improved by advanced DBMS technology and hardware, highly normalized tables make reporting difficult and applications complex.
	www.cpupedia.com /definition/star+schema.aspx (262 words)

	Steven M. Cohn's WebLog : Third Normal Form of System Design
		Strictly adhering to relational data model normalization is bad.
		DBAs like highly normalized data while programmers like data suited to efficiently answering their queries.
		Programmers like systems that anticipate their implementations by providing flexible API layers while architects like structured and consistent interfaces.
	weblogs.asp.net /stevencohn/archive/2004/06/01/146221.aspx (175 words)

	Third Normal Form \| Complete peace of mind... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		We are busy incorporating another company into Third Normal Form.
		This will allow us to do software and hardware sales, helpdesk support and much more.
		All copyright (c) 2005, Third Normal Form, except where stated in the contrary.
	www.3nf.co.za (116 words)

	What is the third normal form of bookSBN, bookTitle, FirstAuthor, Publisher, PubStreet, PupCity, PubContact,Pages, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Chuck Kelley's Answer: Without a lot of questions about what each of these columns mean and how they are related, it is impossible to do a good third normal form.
		You may get many different answers based on what is perceived as the answer to questions.
		Use, duplication, or sale of this service, or data contained herein, is strictly prohibited.
	www.dmreview.com /article_sub.cfm?articleId=7964 (774 words)

	Translations
		I also think that the story is an older art form than the novel and may even outlive or go further than the novel.
		Belief, as a form of knowledge or a means of understanding the world, is something that is extremely problematical.
		Hume who was one of the first to think about this said, “To date, this mental act has been one of the greatest of the philosophical mysteries.”
	www.zenitservices.com /Articles/Translations.html (11024 words)

	Third Normal Form (3NF)
		Well we have already seen the Zero Normal Form (0NF), First Normal Form (1NF), and the Second Normal Form (2NF) databases.
		Now it is on to the nitty gritty, introducing the Third Normal Form (3NF) Below is a rendition of the 2NF database from the last page normalized to (3NF specifications.
		Dynamic Form Field Character Size Checker set at 2000 varchar
	www.joegakenheimer.com /sql/3nf.htm (161 words)

	TNF, Third Normal Form (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Can you find a value for one data element if you know an other one?
		This is often the most difficult step of normalisation.
		In the given example Street and City are transitive dependent on Postcode.
	www.sum-it.nl /cursus/dbdesign/english/logis050.php3 (128 words)

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