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Topic: Thirteen Years War

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	King Philip's War
		Had the Indians met their foe in open battle they would soon have been annihilated; but their method was to attack the lonely farmhouse, the unprotected settlement, or to creep by stealth at dead of night upon the sleeping hamlet and with fiendish yells to fall upon their victims with the tomahawk.
		The war soon ended; the Indians had lost three thousand men, their power was utterly broken, and never again was there a war of the races in southern New England.
		Thirteen towns had been laid in ashes; the wilderness was marked on every side with desolate farms and ruined homes.
	olgp.net /chs/war/kingphilip.htm (922 words)

	Thirteen Years' War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Thirteen Years' War (also called the War of the Cities) started out as an uprising by Prussian cities and the local nobility with the goal of gaining independence from the Teutonic Knights.
		In 1454 Poland was in conflict with Lithuania, which meant that although Casimir IV was Grand Duke of Lithuania as well as King of Poland, Lithuania sent no aid during the whole war to Poland, and didn't participate in it, except for a few raids without any impact on the result of the war.
		In autumn 1455 the peasants of eastern Masuria, tired of the burdens of war, revolted against the Teutonic Knights.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thirteen_Years_War (5179 words)

	Encyclopedia: Hundred Years War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Although the Hundred Years' War spanned the reigns of five English and five French (Valois) kings, this period was not one of continuous warfare, but a series of campaigns separated by sometimes long periods of truce or low-intensity conflict, both in conflict abroad and internal strife at home.
		The war was significant because of new weapons and tactics that ended the age of chivalry, the first standing armies in western Europe since the Roman Empire, changes in the roles of nobles and peasants, and overall key developments in the early growth of nations and new monarchies.
		The first several years of the war were marked by a slow gathering of forces, with Edward crossing to Antwerp in July 1338 and gathering allies in the Low Countries and Germany for a campaign in the north.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hundred-Years-War (3751 words)

	History of Pomerania
		The following year he celebrated his victory by dedicating the city of Gdansk at the mouth of the Vistula River, to compete with the ports of Szczecin and Wolin on the Oder (all in Pomerania province).
		In 1107 there were the civil war in Poland, between Duke Boleslaus III of Poland and his brother Zbigniew.
		During the Thirty Years' War Pomerania lost two thirds of its population due to military raids, plague and criminal violence.
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/h/hi/history_of_pomerania.html (3832 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Thirteen Years' War (German: Dreizehnjähriger Krieg; Polish: Wojna trzynastoletnia), also called the War of the Cities, was fought from 1454-1466.
		It ended with the Peace of Toruń in 1466 in favor of the Confederacy and Poland, and was followed by the War of the Priests from 1467-1479.
		In January 1454 the Prussians asked the Polish King, who that same year was married to Elisabeth of Austria, daughter of the late emperor Albert II of Germany, to incorporate Prussia into Poland.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Thirteen_Years'_War (5305 words)

	Crucible of War
		Its narrative logic suggests that the early experience of the war convinced British government officials (more mindful of colonial recalcitrance in the disastrous years of 1754-57 than of their enthusiasm in the years of victory, 1758-60) that the only rational way to deal with the American colonists was to exert control from Whitehall.
		Thus the war's lessons prompted a series of ministries to seek revenue from the colonies, even as they struggled to stabilize relations with the Indians and stem the outrush of settlers to regions that the war had made accessible.
		A full year stretched between the realization that the empire was falling to pieces and the Declaration of Independence — a year of war during which the American Revolution may finally be said to have begun.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/a/anderson-war.html (3913 words)

	Iraq - Global Policy Forum
		This section looks at many aspects of the conflict in Iraq, such as the background to the war, including the thirteen years of sanctions and the importance of Iraq’s huge oil resources.
		This sections looks at the consequences and costs of the war and occupation, including the humanitarian, economic, political, legal, military and strategic repercussions.
		This sections discuss the illegality of the 2003 war and subsequent occupation.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/irqindx.htm (945 words)

	Parameters: Thirteen years: the causes and consequences of ... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Parameters: Thirteen years: the causes and consequences of...
		Thirteen years: the causes and consequences of the war in Iraq.
		Thirteen years later, the Americans are finally withdrawing from the land of Mecca and Medina--and the long, strange war against Saddam Hussein is essentially over.
	static.highbeam.com /p/parameters/september222003/thirteenyearsthecausesandconsequencesofthewarinira/index.html (6544 words)

	A Review of the Historical Accuracy of Thirteen Moons
		In Thirteen Moons, Frazier mention bear grease numerous time, yet I was disappointed that he never once mentions the most common uses for Bear Grease, namely using bear grease as a hair pomade and as a tool to forecast the weather.
		Throughout Thirteen Moons, Frazier takes-on the incredible challenge of describing the diction of the common spoken English of the early frontiersman, an almost impossible task given that real-world cursing was never recorded on paper.
		Thirteen Moons delves into great details on the laws of races, and I was surprised to discover, that, had I been born 150 years earlier, I would be legally prohibited from marrying any white woman (and I’m only a small-part Cherokee).
	www.rampant-books.com /t_historical_accuracy_thirteen_moons.htm (1541 words)

	War Quotes - Literary Quotes About War and Practically Everything Else (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Our casualties were some thirteen thousand killed--thirteen thousand minds, memories, loves, sensations, worlds, universes--because the human mind is more a universe than the universe itself--and all for a few hundred yards of useless mud.
		There are always so many conjectures as to the issue of any event that, whatever the outcome, there will always be people to say: "I said then that it would be so," quite forgetting that among their innumerable conjectures, many were to take the very opposite effect.
		War is an ugly thing, but not the ugliest of things.
	quotes.prolix.nu /War (1512 words)

	Mahan ch 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Besides, England was embarrassed, as always at the beginning of a war, not only by the numerous points she had to protect in addition to her commerce, but also by the absence of a large number of her seamen in trading-vessels all over the world.
		Making the continental war wholly subsidiary, she turned her efforts upon the sea and the colonies; at the same time supporting Frederick both with money and cordial sympathy in the war for the defence of his kingdom, which so seriously diverted and divided the efforts of France.
		In the same year the direction of the struggle was taken from the hands of a weak ministry and given into those of the bold and ardent William Pitt, who retained his office till 1761, by which time the ends of the war had practically been secured.
	tigger.uic.edu /~rjensen/mahan8.htm (13097 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Thirteen years ago, on August 2, 1990, Iraqi forces invaded Kuwait and destroyed its environment, economy and most importantly its people.
		Unlike some Americans - who opposed the war to stop the killing of US soldiers which is an arguable opposition, the Arabs who opposed the war did so to stop another American victory and another American attack on a Muslim country.
		In my opinion all this trouble was worth the war because now my Iraqi Canadian friends can see their families whom they haven’t seen in thirteen years.
	www.arabtimesonline.com /arabtimes/letters/view.asp?msgid=183 (388 words)

	Close to Home Online - Viewpoints: Has the War on Drugs Reduced Addiction?
		Society is not embroiled in a "war against drugs." It is engaged in controlling the spread and remedying the effects of drug abuse, and these efforts are inseparable.
		The Drug War has already sent over a million men and women who are drug users or addicts to prison, often for five years or more without parole.
		By imprisoning drug addicts and users, the War on Drugs makes their lives substantially harder and increases the likelihood that they will heavily use, abuse, or be addicted to alcohol and cigarettes, as well as to illegal drugs.
	www.thirteen.org /closetohome/viewpoints/html/addict.html (1105 words)

	BBC Factual Programmes Unofficial Site
		The Golden Age of Hollywood lasted for about thirty years, from 1920 to 1950 (the dates are approximate), at which time the Fairy Godmother waved her wand, turned the whole town into a pumpkin and invested heavily in television.
		War of the Century puts the battle between Nazism and Stalinism under the microscope in a four part series written and produced by Laurence Rees, following his BAFTA award-winning 1997 series The Nazis - A Warning From History.
		Two thousand years after his death the answer is that we know a great deal, probably more than has been known about him at any time since he walked the hills of Galilee.
	www.bbcfactual.co.uk (5744 words)

	gulf war syndrome caused by chemical exposures
		Dozens of animal studies in recent years have shown that combined exposure to the same chemicals to which solders were exposed during Gulf War service can act synergistically, resulting in toxic effects far greater than the added effects of each individual exposure.
		Why some veterans developed chronic problems after the war and others did not may be explained by the fact that individuals differ in their ability to inactivate neurotoxins, the RAC explained.
		Given the political will, Gulf War illnesses could lead to important advances in scientific understanding, both of the disease and treatment for it.There is a large, identified group of people with similar documented chemical exposures, and there is a control group (vets who did not serve in the Gulf War) for comparison.
	www.environmentalhealth.ca /s05gulfwar.html (1198 words)

	The Milestones of The Millennium
		The Thirteen Colonies' successful war of independence from Great Britain led to the creation of the United States and the establishment of the modern democratic style of government.
		It was the advent of "total war," in which civilians became legitimate targets, and use of modern weaponry made the war one of the bloodiest in history, with an estimated ten million killed.
		Ending in a stalemate, the Korean War clarified the lines of the Cold War between democracy and Communism and intensified the arms race between the United States and Russia.
	www.history.com /exhibits/millennium/war.html (661 words)

	FIFA - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
		This FIFA presided since 1939 to 1945, this period was called World War II, by now he is only a janitor member of the association.
		Membership of FIFA expanded beyond Europe with the application of competitions called Vietnam War from 1954 to 1975, Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988,Invasion of Panama from 1989 to 1990, Gulf War in 1990-1991 and the Israel-Lebanon crisis in 2006.
		FIFA awards, each year, the title of FIFA World Player of the Year to the most prestigious player of the year, as part of its annual awards ceremony which also recognises team and international football achievements.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/FIFA (853 words)

	1703 Definition / 1703 Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		May 27May 27 is the 147th day (148th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 218 days remaining.
		July 29July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 155 days remaining.
		Events 1423 - Hundred Years War: Battle of Cravant - The French army is defeated at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne.
	www.elresearch.com /1703 (1901 words)

	The Manila Times Internet Edition \| OPINION >Thirteen years after end of civil war, Lebanon still blocked by memory ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Makarem, who holds a doctorate in history, has visited areas most affected by the war which pitted the militias of political and religious groups against each other in a conflict envenomed by the presence of Israeli, Syrian and Palestinian forces.
		Political parties are mostly sectarian groupings and regions, which before the war were often multireligious, are now single-community ghettos.
		Playwright Jad el-Hage is the author of Bint Asl, a play about a woman which shook an audience rarely used to watching scenes from the war, with a violent account of how her husband, a militia chief, brought her down to the lowest level before finally leaving her.
	www.manilatimes.net /national/2004/jan/18/yehey/opinion/20040118opi9.html (1418 words)

	1783 Definition / 1783 Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The war, which eventually widened far beyond British North America, resulted in the overthrow of British rule in the thirteen colonies and the establishment of the United States of America....
		July 16July 16 is the 197th day (198th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 168 days remaining.
		November 25November 25 is the 329th (in leap years the 330th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
	www.elresearch.com /1783 (1929 words)

	USA: French and Indian Wars -3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Moreover, the war generated substantial resenment towards the colonists among English leaders, who were not satisfied with the financial and military help they had received from the colonists during the war.
		Before the war, the thirteen colonies had found almost no common ground and they coexisted in mutual distrust.
		The Iroquois continued to contest the English for control of the Ohio Valley for another fifty years; but they were never again in a position to deal with their white rivals on terms of military or political equality.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/E/7yearswar/fiw03.htm (420 words)

	Pennsylvania in the Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		During four years of war, Pennsylvania contributed substantial human and material resources to the war to end slavery and preserve the nation.
		Yet in spite of its legacy as a keystone, the story of Pennsylvania in the Civil War is hardly one of unanimous support for the Union.
		Pennsylvania fls, however, probably viewed the war as an opportunity to prove their worthiness and to strike at the southern slave system.
	www.phmc.state.pa.us /ppet/civilwar/page1.asp?secid=31 (638 words)

	The Civil War
		Historians have attributed the war's outcome to many factors, including the Lincoln's superior political leadership, internal conflicts within the South (including the Southern emphasis on states' rights), the South's diplomatic failure to secure foreign intervention in the conflict, and the North's superiority in resources.
		In recent years, some scholars have argued that his daring offensive tactics and his focus on Virginia had the practical affect of depleting the Confederacy's limited manpower and denying resources to armies in other parts of the South.
		This strategy of total war, which was implemented by General Ulysses S. Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman, and Philip Sheridan, entailed destroying the Confederate armies and the South's economic infrastructure, including the institution of slavery.
	www.digitalhistory.uh.edu /modules/civwar/historiography.cfm (984 words)

	Thirteen Years' War -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		(1454–66), war between Poland and the Teutonic Knights that began as a revolt by the Prussian populace against their overlords, the Teutonic Knights, and was concluded by the Treaty of Torun (Thorn; Oct. 19, 1466).
		In a career spanning from World War II to Tiananmen Square, Salisbury, a highly regarded Pulitzer prizewinning journalist and author, reported on nearly every conflict between East and West and wrote thoughtfully on the roots of those conflicts.
		Until he was nearly 50 years old, Francisco Pizarro, serving as a minor Spanish official on the Isthmus of Panama, had nothing to show for years of toil and peril but a small holding of land.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9072145 (902 words)

	Untitled Document
		Over the past thirteen years, Gulf War Syndrome has been diagnosed on the basis of politics in the United States and the United Kingdom.
		Soldiers of war are coming home with the fear of possibly infecting their families with a disease that may or may not exist, with only painful symptoms to show for.
		The same type of conflict that is happening now has already occurred during the Vietnam War, instead the illness was said to be caused by the use of Agent Orange on the Vietnamese jungles but was never validated by the government.
	pages.emerson.edu /students/m/matthew_hessel/science (1012 words)

	Honoring our troops \| Physicians for a National Health Program
		Younger veterans were least likely to have health insurance, with more than one-third of veterans under 25 years of age uninsured, and one in seven aged 25-44 years without insurance.
		Many of these veterans have major health problems, often related to their war duty; less than a quarter indicated they were in excellent health.
		Thirteen years later, these veterans are still having symptoms related to their war experience.
	www.pnhp.org /news/2004/november/honoring_our_troops.php (724 words)

	Previous Articles
		An analysis of the history of mankind shows that from the year 1496 B.C. to the year 1861 of our era, that is, in a cycle of 3,357 years, there were but 227 years of peace and 3,130 years of war: In other words, there were thirteen years of war for every year of peace.
		At the present time the world is experiencing about 40 various kinds of war and for more than a year our young Americans have been fighting in the George W. Bush Iraq War.
		The month of September was chosen to signify the "autumn years" of life for this social holiday.
	www.semperfidelisnoah.com /NoahsARKivesTheBattleOfPeleliu.htm (1057 words)

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