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Topic: Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan

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Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan

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	1973 Constitution
		The Constitution recognized Islam as the religion of the country and enjoined upon the State to serve the cause of Islam and to bring all existing laws in conformity with Islam.
		The Thirteenth Amendment was in turn repealed by the Legal Framewo rk Order of 2002, which effectively restored the discretionary powers of the President enacted by the Eighth Amendment.
		April, 1972 the national assembly of Pakistan appointed a committee to prepare a draft of the permanent constitution of Pakistan.
	www.pppusa.org /1973constitution.htm (6164 words)

	Desi Forum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This constitution represented a consensus on three issues: the role of Islam; the sharing of power between the federal government and the provinces; and the division of responsibility between the president and the prime minister, with a greatly strengthened position for the latter.
		Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan which removed the president's reserve powers to dissolve the National Assembly and call elections before the end of its term.
		Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan which institutionalized party discipline, diminishing the ability of the legislature to dismiss a Prime Minister by Confidence Voting, especially if the Prime Minister is also the leader of a party that has a majority rather than just a plurality.
	www.desiforum.com /encyclopedia/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Pakistan (1749 words)

	President of Pakistan (Site not responding. Last check: )
		According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by an electoral college consisting of the Senate, National Assembly, and the provincial assemblies.
		The monarch was represented in Pakistan by a Governor-General of Pakistan.
		The constitution was revised, and the President became the ruler of Pakistan.
	encyclopedia.maksiu.info /wiki/President_of_Pakistan (609 words)

	Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed in 1997 by the government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.
		The storming of the Supreme Court by political-party goons in 1997, and the forced resignation of the Chief Justice, strengthened the perception that the country was becoming a civilian dictatorship.
		The coup was widely welcomed in Pakistan, and the Supreme Court later validated it on the grounds that a situation had arisen for which the Constitution had no remedy, the Thirteenth Amendment having removed a constitutional means of dismissing an unpopular Prime Minister.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan (443 words)

	Desi Hot OR Hot (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pakistan's Constitution may be amended by a vote of two-third of both houses of the Parliament of Pakistan
		Pakistan is a prominent member of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) and an active member of the United Nations.
		Pakistan pursues an active diplomatic relationship with Iran, and plans are underway to build a Natural Gas pipeline from Iran.
	www.desihotornot.com /encyclopedia/index.php?title=Politics_of_Pakistan (4182 words)

	Thirteenth Amendment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution - outlaws slavery.
		Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan - stripped the president of many of his reserve powers.
		Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland - specified that the prohibition of abortion would not limit freedom of travel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/13th_Amendment (120 words)

	cars - Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan
		The Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003 was an amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan passed in December 2003, after over a year of political wrangling between supporters and opponents of Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf.
		The intent of this was to prohibit a person from holding both a political office (such as that of the the President) and an "office of profit " - an office that is typically held by a career government servant, civil or military - such as the office of the Chief of Army Staff.
		Should the President win a majority in a vote of confidence in the electoral college within 30 days of the passage of this amendment, he shall be deemed to be elected to the office of President.
	www.carluvers.com /cars/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan (490 words)

	Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan - One Language (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed in December 2003, after over a year of political wrangling between supporters and opponents of Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf.
		Many of these changes dealt with the office of the President and the reversal of the effects of the Thirteenth Amendment.
		If the President wins a majority in a vote of confidence in the electoral college within 30 days of the passage of this amendment, he shall be deemed to be elected to the office of President.
	www.onelang.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan (451 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Constitution (Thirteenth Amendment) Act, 1997 was an amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (additional info and facts about Constitution of Pakistan) passed in 1997 by the government of Prime Minister (The person who holds the position of head of state in England) Nawaz Sharif (additional info and facts about Nawaz Sharif).
		In Pakistan, once legislators are elected to national or provincial assemblies, the people cannot recall (The process of remembering (especially the process of recovering information by mental effort)) them before the end of their five-year terms.
		In the past, this has contributed to a sense of immunity on the part of members of the ruling party, and to rampant corruption (Inducement (as of a public official) by improper means (as bribery) to violate duty (as by commiting a felony)) among leading politicians.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/th/thirteenth_amendment_to_the_constitution_of_pakistan.htm (379 words)

	94041: Pakistan-U.S. Relations
		Pakistan denied the reports, as well as press reports in early March that it was preparing for its first underground nuclear test in the event that India conducted a nuclear explosion.
		Pakistan's road to full democracy is still lined with many pitfalls, including wide- scale corruption, volatile mass-based politics, and continuing lack of symmetry between the development of the military and civilian bureaucracies and political institutions.
		Pakistan's counternarcotics efforts are hampered by a number of factors, including: lack of government commitment; scarcity of funds; poor infrastructure in drug-producing regions; government wariness of provoking unrest in tribal areas; and corruption among police, government officials, and local politicians.
	www.fas.org /spp/starwars/crs/crs94041.htm (8028 words)

	Nawaz Sharif - Prime Minister of Pakistan - Political party PML(N)
		The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed so that the President could no longer dismiss the Prime Minister; and the Fourteenth Amendment imposed strict party discipline on members of parliament.
		The amendment, which was passed by the National Assembly by 151 votes to 16, was then passed to the upper house of parliament for a final vote.[12] Two-thirds majority was needed for passage in the Senate, the upper chamber.
		Pakistan's Religious Affairs Minister Ijaz-ul Haq stated that "He has not only embarrassed Pakistan but also the leadership of Saudi Arabia by violating the agreement." The European Union asked the Pakistani government to respect the court ruling, for Sharif should have the chance to defend himself in a Pakistani court.
	www.telepk.com /personalities/nawaz-sharif (3799 words)

	President of Pakistan Online Research :: Information about President of Pakistan (Site not responding. Last check: )
		According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by an Electoral College of Pakistan consisting of the Senate of Pakistan, National Assembly of Pakistan, and the provincial assemblies.
		The Constitution gives the President the Reserve power - subject to Supreme Court of Pakistan approval or veto - to dissolve the National Assembly (triggering new elections) and thereby to dismiss the Prime Minister of Pakistan.
		In January 2004, the Electoral College of Pakistan gave Musharraf a Vote of confidence, as result of which he was (according to the Constitution) "deemed to be elected." Musharraf's term of office as president ends in 2007.
	www.ncweddingplanner.com /search/President_of_Pakistan.html (783 words)

	Bangladeshlive - A Place Where Bangladesh Is Alive
		Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 4 November 1972 and came into force on 16 December of the same year, marking the Victory Day.
		The Constitution has declared Bangladesh a Republic committed to the principles of democracy and human rights; rule of law; freedom of movement, assembly and association; freedom of religion and international peace and harmony.
		This proclamation order was replaced by the Provisional Constitution of Bangladesh Order, 1972 which declared the members elected to the National Assembly and Provincial Assemlies of Pakistan in the elections held in December 1970 and March 1971 as the Constituent Assembly of the Republic.
	www.bangladeshlive.net /1439118.html (557 words)

	The Constitution of 1973 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The most prominent characteristic of this Constitution was that it accommodated proposals from the opposition parties and hence almost all the major political parties of the country accepted it.
		The Constitution guaranteed a right to the citizens; to be protected by law, and imposed two duties on them, loyalty to the Republic and obedience to the law.
		The Constitution recognized Islam as the religion of the country and enjoined upon the State to serve the cause of Islam and to bring all existing laws in conformity with Islam.
	www.storyofpakistan.com /articletext.asp?artid=A072 (772 words)

	Nawaz Sharif - Celebrities at Weblo.com
		Khalid Khawaja, a retired officer of the Pakistan Air Force who was in the ISI in the late 80s, rejected a recent denial by the Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) that its leader had ever met Osama bin Laden.
		The amendment, which was passed by the National Assembly by 151 votes to 16, was then passed to the upper house of parliament for a final vote.
		Pakistan's Religious Affairs Minister Ijaz-ul Haq stated that "He has not only embarrassed Pakistan but also the leadership of Saudi Arabia by violating the agreement." The European Union asked the Pakistani government to respect the court ruling, for Nawaz Sharif should have the chance to defend himself in a Pakistani court.
	www.weblo.com /celebrity/Politician/nawaz_sharif/470079 (4215 words)

	biology - Supreme Court of Pakistan
		The Court has a number of de jure powers which are outlined in the Constitution of Pakistan as well as de facto powers which many have considered remarkable given the nation's history of military rule during which part or all of the constitution has been suspended.
		The de jure powers of the court as outlined in the Constitution must be seen in the context of Pakistani political history during which the army has seized power, declared martial law and suspended the constitution.
		Pakistani legal theorists have posited that Pakistan's grundnorm, the basis for its Constitutional convention and system of laws, continues in effect (and the Supreme Court therefore retains its authority) even when the written constitution is suspended by the imposition of a military dictablanda.
	www.biologydaily.com /biology/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan (943 words)

	Nawaz Sharif @ Elections.Pakistanway.com
		The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed so that the President could no longer dismiss the Prime Minister; and the Fourteenth Amendment imposed so-called party discipline on members of Parliament.
		Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif was born on December 25, 1949 in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
		Sharif was born in Lahore to a family of Kashmiri immigrants who had settled in Punjab in the late 19th century, the son of Mian Mohammad Sharif, then the owner of a relatively modest cast-iron parts business who later became a prominent industrialist and a joint owner of the Ittefaq Group of Industries.
	elections.pakistanway.com /Candidates.aspx?candidateid=7545 (1008 words)

	The Thirteenth Amendment and Slavery in a Global Economy
		The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." Its language is capacious and its mandate broad.
		To articulate a Thirteenth Amendment jurisprudence that is both internally coherent and in step with the interpretive method now firmly established for the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, one must avoid a myopic hindsight that views the Amendment as accomplishing nothing more than the constitutionalization of emancipation.
		Those who drafted the Thirteenth Amendment understood all three of these aspects of slavery--the interpersonal, the institutional, and the industrial--to be vital elements of the practice that they sought to eradicate with the Amendment's enactment.
	academic.udayton.edu /race/06hrights/GeoRegions/NorthAmerica/UnitedStates01.htm (1819 words)

	National Security Council:
		Thus concerning political stability and harmony in the country, all Presidents adopted an activist role, till the Thirteenth Amendment was passed in the 1973 Constitution.
		The NSC shall derive its authority from the constitution of Pakistan.
		Pakistan is already victim of many kind of governance drawbacks — brutal political messiahs, liberal jargons of authoritarian leadership, corrupt institutions, etc. The establishment of NSC increases the political problems in the state.
	www.defencejournal.com /2002/march/political.htm (2621 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan
		The Constitution (Thirteenth Amendment) Act, 1997 was an amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan passed in 1997 by the government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.
		It stripped the President of Pakistan of his right or reserve power to dissolve the National Assembly, call for new elections, and dismiss the Prime Minister.
		In October 2002, elections were held in Pakistan.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan (343 words)

	Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan
		In Pakistan, once legislators are elected to national or provincial assemblies, there is no way for the people to recall them before the end of their five-year terms.
		Nawaz Sharif's government became increasingly unpopular after the passage of thse amendments, even though it was the election of his Pakistan Muslim League by a heavy majority that enabled him to alter the Constitution in the first place.
		The storming of the Supreme Court by party goons in 1997, and the forced resignation of the Chief Justice, strengthened the perception that the country was becoming a civilian dictatorship.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/thirteenth_amendment_to_the_constitution_of_pakistan (366 words)

	Nawaz Sharif - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was twice elected as Prime Minister of Pakistan, serving two non-consecutive terms, the first from November 1, 1990 to July 18, 1993 and the second from February 17, 1997 to October 12, 1999.
		He was elected as the Leader of the Pakistan Muslim League and subsequently the IJI (Islamic Democratic Alliance) by the ISI (Pakistan's Intelligence Agency) as documented in the testimony of the then Army Chief in the Supreme Court of Pakistan.
		It was during this term that Pakistan carried out its successful nuclear tests on May 28, 1998, in response to the Indian detonation of five nuclear devices roughly two weeks before.
	www.adorons.com /wiki/Nawaz_Sharif (4513 words)

	Muhammad Rafiq Tarar - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		November 2, 1929) was President of Pakistan from January 1, 1998 until June 20, 2001.
		The Presidency of Pakistan's powers had been slowly removed over the years, culminating in the 1997 Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan which removed virtually all remaining reserve powers, making the office almost entirely symbolic in nature.
		While Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif was deposed, Tarar was allowed to remain in office until 2001, at which point Musharraf assumed the presidency in an attempt to both gain legitimacy and restructure Pakistan's model of government to a more presidential system of rule.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Muhammad_Rafiq_Tarar (212 words)

	Law & Our Rights (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The sixth constitution amendment Act provided that if a Vice-President is elected as President or if a President or a Vice-President is elected as Member of Parliament, he shall not be qualified to be member of Parliament until he ceases to hold office as President or Vice-President.
		The Constitution (Ninth Amendment) Act, 1989 provided that the Vice-President of the Republic shall be elected in accordance with the law by direct election for a period of five years.
		The Constitution (Tenth Amendment) Act, 1990 provided for the reservation of 30 seats for women members in Parliament for a period of 10 years beginning from the date of first meeting of the 5th Parliament and the election to these reserved seats shall be held through electoral college.
	www.thedailystar.net /law/2004/04/03 (1937 words)

	Proposed Sri Lanka Constitution - A Betrayal
		In this context the UNP in November 1987 adopted the thirteenth amendment to the Constitution which devolved powers to eight regions, including the merged North/East provinces as one region.
		However, this amendment has failed to stop the war to date thus proving that the concept of devolution is falling short of Tamil aspirations.
		The amendment to the federal constitution requires the participation of the regions, thus removing the monopoly of the central government in the amendment process.
	www.tamilnation.org /conflictresolution/tamileelam/cbkproposals/98bhaskaradas.htm (2618 words)

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