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Topic: Thixotropy

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Thixotropy
		Thixotropy is the property of some non-newtonian pseudoplastic fluids to show a time-dependent change in viscosity; the longer the fluid undergoes shear, the lower its viscosity.
		Thixotropy is a decrease in the apparent viscosity under shearing, followed by a gradual recovery when the shear is removed.
		It is important to recognise thixotropy in materials, otherwise the shear history of the sample may adversely affect the accuracy and reproducibility of the test.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Thixotropy (675 words)

	Journal Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the influence of thixotropy on the development of formwork lateral pressure.
		The concrete exhibits a high degree of thixotropy when proportioned with ternary cement containing 6% silica fume and 22% fly ash compared with similar concrete made with 4% silica fume and no fly ash.
		In the case of flowable concrete with 200 mm slump, the addition of a viscosity-modifying admixture is shown to significantly increase the thixotropy compared with similar concrete made without any viscosity-modifying admixture.
	www.aci-int.org /PUBS/JOURNALS/OLJDetails.asp?Home=MJ&ID=12548 (279 words)

	Determining And Measuring Thixotropy and Rheology For Coatings Applications Using Equipment From Mal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Sample A has a high degree of thixotropy, so a loop is seen between the UP and DOWN curves, i.e.
		Traditionally, users have related the degree of thixotropy to the magnitude of the integrated loop area, although there are now other techniques as indicated below which give more meaningful results.
		Sample application will need to be carried out in a reproducible way, or the samples should be pre-sheared so that they all have the same shear history.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=2883 (337 words)

	Yield stress and thixotropy: on the difficulty of measuring yield stresses in p..... (DOI: 10.1039/b517840a)
		Thixotropy can be defined as a (reversible) decrease of viscosity of the material in time when a material is made to flow.
		The usual explanation of thixotropy is that the viscosity of such fluids is mainly caused by the microstructure of for instance particles in the fluid that interconnect and resist large rearrangements; for a recent detailed study, see Dullaert.
		Thixotropy is another prominent feature of many complex fluids and it indeed appears to be present whenever a yield stress is present also.
	www.rsc.org /delivery/_ArticleLinking/DisplayHTMLArticleforfree.cfm?JournalCode=SM&Year=2006&ManuscriptID=b517840a&Iss=4 (6770 words)

	Methods and compositions for sealing subterranean zones - Patent 6616753
		As also mentioned, when a rapidly acting thixotropy providing gelling agent of this invention is combined with hydraulic cement and water to form a sealing composition of this invention the composition has thixotropic properties, i.e., the sealing composition is a liquid when it is being pumped but quickly and completely gels when at rest.
		The gelling agent is preferably included in the sealing compositions of this invention in an amount in the range of from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the hydraulic cement in the composition, more preferably in an amount in the range of from about 1% to about 3% and most preferably about 2%.
		It is believed that in the basic (relatively high pH) cement compositions of this invention, the amide groups in the polyacrylamide hydrolyze to generate anionic carboxylate groups which react with the rapidly acting thixotropy providing agents in the cement compositions to form cross-linked polymer networks that increase the viscosity of the cement compositions.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6616753.html (5033 words)

	Oilfield Glossary: Term 'thixotropy'
		The viscosity of a thixotropic fluid changes with time under constant shear rate until reaching equilibrium.
		Most drilling muds exhibit thixotropy, which is necessary for fast drilling, efficient cuttings lifting and to support weighting material when mud flow stops.
		Thixotropy is sometimes desirable to provide resistance to flowing, such as to avoid or reduce losses or flow into a weak formation.
	www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com /Display.cfm?Term=thixotropy (125 words)

	New thixotropic alkyd resin family based on polyamide technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		State of the art The three basic building blocks causing thixotropy are the amide, the urethane and the urea group.
		It is important to stop this thixotropy forming process on the right moment because the condensation reaction will later predominate and will end in a chemical gel, so continuous monitoring of the reaction process is necessary.
		As thixotropy is a time dependent function the most important parameter is the recovery time defined as ?the time needed to restore the resin or paint structure after total destruction?
	www.chemicalhouse.com:8080 /nl_new/jsp/viewnewsitem.jsp?id=206&newsitemid=462&type=technical&categoryname=Resins&sCategoryId=45 (1580 words)

	Printing Inks
		Viscosity is the ratio of shearing stress (force per unit area) to shearing rate (strain rate or velocity gradient of flow).
		Thixotropy is essential to the performance of litho in particular, allowing them to flow more easily when “worked” by the rollers in the ink train.
		Both pseudo plastic and dilitant fluids may also have a finite yield stress, but the stress versus shear rate plot is not linear.
	www.wmich.edu /~ppse/inks/pp3.htm (593 words)

	MIT - NNF 2006 Summer Reading Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The 2006 NNF Summer reading group focuses on thixotropy, rheological aging and shear rejuvenation in complex liquids.
		The principal goal of the reading group is to generate understanding and discussion in a key area of the behavour of complex liquids.
		Thixotropy : Build-up and breakdown curves during flow, K. Dullaert and J.
	web.mit.edu /cjpipe/www/reading_group.html (212 words)

	Dilatancy, Thixotropy, and the Double and Diffuse Layers - Thomas M. Riddick - Chapter 19
		In Chapter 18 we noted that one should critically appraise inverse electroendosmosis from the point of view of physical chemistry, because from this approach there are indications that some important concepts of Zeta Potential have not yet been recognized.
		The writer has felt for many years that the elusive principles of Dilatancy and Thixotropy had to be elucidated before one could hope to draw human blood which would not (naturally) coagulate; that is to say, without the use of any anti–coagulant, in vivo or in vitro.
		Admittedly, our demonstrations herein of Dilatancy and Thixotropy were with Minusil and electrolytes — not with a system consisting of red blood cells, Platelets, electrolytes and the plasma proteins.
	www.hbci.com /~wenonah/riddick/chap19.htm (6770 words)

	Article - Non-Sag Additives for Adhesives and Sealants
		Thixotropy results from the ability of the dispersed particles to come together and form network structures when at rest or under low shearing forces.
		Fumed silica, an amorphous silicon dioxide, is a versatile, efficient additive used in adhesive and sealant formulations for flow control and thixotropy.
		While the thixotropy produced by polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastisols are excellent, the method of preparation is as important as is the selection of the proper emulsion polymer.
	www.specialchem4adhesives.com /resources/articles/article.aspx?id=229&key=non-sag (4600 words)

	Fluid Modification
		Kraton® polymers can be blended into compatible liquids to increase viscosity and, in many cases, impart thixotropy.
		Clear Sealants: A Kraton G diblock polymer is used in unfilled, solvent-based sealants to impart thixotropy to prevent slump when the sealant is applied on a vertical substrate.
		Because the polymer is compatible with the sealant, it does not cause the haze that a silica thixotroping agent would cause.
	www.kraton.com /Applications/Coatings_and_Gels/Fluid_Modification (239 words)

	Common Ground for Ketchup and Earthquakes, Alaska Science Forum
		And thixotropy appears, as the dictionary puts it, as a "Property of certain gels which liquefy when subjected to vibratory forces, such as ultrasonic waves or even simple shaking, and then solidify again when left standing."
		When the clay is shaken violently, as it was during the earthquake, the house of cards comes tumbling down, its movement eased by the lubricating effect of the now-free water.
		Friends of mine were scanning the far side of the river for signs of moose antlers in the brush one cold autumn afternoon.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF9/943.html (574 words)

	Thixotropy of levator palpebrae as the cause of lagophthalmos after peripheral facial nerve palsy -- Aramideh et al. 72 ...
		Thixotropy of levator palpebrae as the cause of lagophthalmos after peripheral facial nerve palsy
		appears to be caused by thixotropy of the levator palpebrae
		Thixotropy: a novel explanation for the cause of lagophthalmos after peripheral facial nerve palsy
	jnnp.bmj.com /cgi/content/abstract/72/5/665 (271 words)

	Thixotropy(Gerald L. Hurst) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Many cosmetics, paints and foodstuffs and even explosives rely on thixotropy to prevent settling in storage or transportation.
		Thixotropy is often the result of hydrogen bonding between hydrophillic suspended particles which form a lattice of filaments through the liquid and are classified generically as colloidal gels.
		Once in a while you'll see it spelled "thyxotropic," which looks nice to me but not to Merriam Webster.
	yarchive.net /chem/thixotropy.html (196 words)

	AoKe Brand Adhesive
		AK08-1 anaerobic type M6 ～ M10 screw thread locking fixative medium tenacity, thixotropy viscosity, its application range is very extensive, it can be used to lock and airproof the M6 ～ M20 screw thread.
		AK08-2 anaerobic type M10 ～ M26 screw thread locking fixative high tenacity, thixotropy viscosity and a good chemical resistance, it can be used to lock and airproof the M10 ～ M26 screw thread.
		AK08-8 anaerobic type aluminum material plane sealant is fit for the aluminum material surface flexible adhesive layer, thixotropy viscosity, and it can take the place of solid sealing gaskets.
	www.aoyuksin.com /english/2-8.asp (422 words)

	Fundamentals of Rheology and its measurement - Course: 22-23 Feb 2006
		This course aims to provide an understanding of the rheological properties of a wide range of fluid types, including high viscosity liquids, slurries, pastes, emulsions, and polymer solutions and melts.
		Such properties include viscosity, extensional viscosity, thixotropy, yield stress, normal stress, and other viscoelastic properties.
		Experimental techniques are outlined for equilibrium flow curve measurement, step shear rate experiments (and their interpretation through the single structural parameter theory).
	www.bhrgroup.co.uk /confsite/rhe-fundamentals-prog.htm (585 words)

	Definition of thixotropy - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "thixotropy" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "thixotropy" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "thixotropy" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.webster.com /dictionary/thixotropy (60 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		A surface-treated calcium carbonate that has been treated with a special alkali metal salts of fatty acid and providing a resin composition exhibiting viscosity/thixotropy imparting effects.
		Since the degree of high viscosity/thixotropy may not be obtained when it uses together with other surface treated calcium carbonate or similar agent,in the case of use, cautions are required.
		Popular especially as a high thixotropy imparting agent for plasti-sol.Anti-slip property and high discharge rate are obtained.The application to sealant it also preferable.
	www.maruo-cal.co.jp /English/2-14.html (140 words)

	Thixotropy of rib cage respiratory muscles in normal subjects -- Homma and Hagbarth 89 (5): 1753 -- Journal of Applied ...
		Thixotropy of rib cage respiratory muscles in normal subjects -- Homma and Hagbarth 89 (5): 1753 -- Journal of Applied Physiology
		Thixotropy of rib cage respiratory muscles in normal subjects
		Acute effects of thixotropy conditioning of inspiratory muscles on end-expiratory chest wall and lung volumes in normal humans
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/89/5/1753 (361 words)

	CHaOS demonstrator area - Cornflour
		Thixotropic / thixotropy is concerned with time related effects.
		Thixotropy is a long word and shouldn't be used with children.
		Above bit about the experiment having nothing to do with thixotropy refers to cornflour part of experiment only.
	www.chaosscience.org.uk /dem/public_html/article.php?story=20030925150035401 (1211 words)

	Aqualon \| brochure \| Culminal Appendix
		Thixotropy and rheopexy describe the dependence of viscosity on time and are based upon the destruction or formation of ordered areas of molecules.
		With these systems a hysteresis loop is obtained as a flow curve (Figures 2 and 3).
		The curve branches for increasing and decreasing shear (branch a and b respectively) include an area whose size is the measure of thixotropy and rheopexy.
	www.herc.com /aqualon/specialties/data_sheets/bro_culm_append.html (785 words)

	EMSNow - Cobar's Ineke Tiggelen-Aarden to present paper on better solder paste characterization for lead-free at APEX
		Ineke Tiggelen-Aarden, Technical Director for Cobar Europe BV, will present a paper, Thixotropy of Solder Paste Impacts Repeatability and Reproducibility of Rheometric Results in Technical Session S25, New Developments in Solder Paste, at APEX 2007 in Los Angeles.
		The paper, he continues, describes the differences between the various rheometric measuring principles such as the spindle, spiral pump and plate/plate method.
		It also introduces the development and implementation of a sample preparation method to reduce the impact of the thixotropy of a solder paste in conjunction with enhanced plate/plate rheometry.
	www.emsnow.com /npps/story.cfm?id=24485&pg=story (345 words)

	Effect of Carbopol and Polyvinylpyrrolidone on the Mechanical, Rheological, and Release Properties of Bioadhesive ...
		This study examined the mechanical (hardness, compressibility, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness) and rheological (zero-rate viscosity and thixotropy) properties of polyethylene glycol (PEG) gels that contain different ratios of Carbopol 934P (CP) and polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 (PVP).
		All PEG gels exhibited pseudoplastic flow with thixotropy, indicating a general loss of consistency with increased shearing stress.
		At a constant CP concentration and an increase in PVP concentration, more work was needed to compress the gel during the second compression cycle than the first cycle, indicating that the gel structure became more coherent.
	aapspharmscitech.org /view.asp?art=pt010324&pdf=yes (3281 words)

	Guide to Rheological Nomenclature: Measurements in Ceramic Particulate Systems
		If the down-curve lies below the up-curve, then it is referred to as a thixotropic loop, whereas if the down-curve lies above the up-curve, then it is called a negative thixotropic loop.
		negative thixotropy [anti-thixotropy] A reversible time-dependent increase in viscosity at a particular shear rate.
		thixotropy A reversible time-dependent decrease in viscosity at a particular shear rate.
	ciks.cbt.nist.gov /~garbocz/SP946/node9.htm (481 words)

	Food thickeners(Larry Lippman)
		Courses in colloidal chemistry (often graduate level) cover such topics as thixotropy, but usually lack good discussion of fluid mechanics necessary for full understanding in a process environment.
		Many people who have worked with colloids and non-Newtonian fluids have pieced their knowledge together from multiple sources, and have in some cases learned a lot about the topic The Hard Way.
		It has been speculated that certain religious reliquaries that purport to show "liquefaction of blood" are in fact thixotropic gels of ferric oxide.
	yarchive.net /chem/thickeners.html (1393 words)

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