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Topic: Tholos tomb

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Chamber tomb

Kylix (drinking cup)

1420 BC

1700 BC

Minoan civilization

	Phourni 2
		Although the Tholos Tomb B complex, which numbers 12 spaces, underwent modifications, especially during the early period of its existence, it was essentially a rectangular complex with the tholos tomb at its centre.
		Tholos Tomb D is the most southerly building of the Phourni cemetery and inside was found an undisturbed female burial dating from from LM IIIA2 (after 1350 BC).
		Tholos Tomb E was probably the first tomb to be built in the Phourni cemetery as it dates from the EM II period (2400-2300 BCE).
	www.uk.digiserve.com /mentor/minoan/phourni2.htm (1136 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith
		The tholos tomb has three parts: a narrow entranceway, or dromos, often lined with fieldstones and later with cut stones; a deep doorway, or stomion, covered over with one to three lintel blocks; and a circular chamber with a high vaulted or corbeled roof, the thalamos.
		Towards end of period, tombs were very large and surrounded by a moat, and earthenware figures and models (haniwa) were placed in a series of concentric rings around the tomb.
		There are two main varieties: axial-chambered tombs, with the passage entrance opening from the center of the broader end of the mound, and lateral-chambered tombs, where two megalithic chambers are entered from opposite sides of the mound.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=tomb (2622 words)

	Archaeological site of Phourni at Archanes
		Tholos Tomb A. It was constructed in the first half of the 14th century B.C. and has a dromos, tholos and a side chamber, which contained an intact royal burial inside a sarcophagus with rich offerings (gold necklaces, beads of sardium and glass-paste, gold signet-rings, bronze and ivory vases).
		Tholos Tomb B. It is the largest and most complex structure of the cemetery, built before 2000 B.C. and used until the first half of the 14th century B.C. Additions made during the long period of its use, resulted in its complex form, comprising twelve rooms in total.
		Tholos Tomb D. It yielded an undisturbed, rich female burial, dated to the 14th century B.C. The tomb is cut in the hard rock, part of which was used as a section of the tholos wall while the rest is built of stones in irregular horizontal rings.
	www.cretefinder.gr /english/iraklio/archanes.htm (603 words)

	Hellenistic Messenia
		Both tholos and tumulus are believed to have been visible in historic times; indeed it is usually assumed that Pausanias means Voidokila when he mentions in passing a tomb 'a little distance from Pylos...said to belong to Thrasymedes' (Thrasymedes being a son of the mythic king Nestor).
		When the upper levels of this tholos were excavated, the remains of an entire bull were found, although the date of this impressive sacrifice could not be determined.
		Tomb cult can be associated with the Messenian fascination with 'local heros', manifested at Messene's foundation when various heroes, as we have seen, were summoned to 'return and dwell with them.' Heros and legends were, of course, good propaganda tools, working to assert Messenian legitimacy among other Greek states and to boost Messenian self-confidence.
	classics.uc.edu /prap/messenia/messym.html (915 words)

	What about Kamilari tholos? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This tomb probably was not part of the cemetery of one of these two important palatial sites, because it is located in a hill near the monument a survey found many sherds suggesting the presence of a settlement there.
		The quantity of stones found inside the main tomb are in fact insufficient to cover the whole tholos with a vaulted roof and the stone identified as keystone of the roof's structure can be also something else, or a keystone of other structures comprised in the perimeter of the tomb.
		The tomb was built in the Middle Minoan I B period, a later moment for a tholos particularly in the Mesara.
	lettere.unive.it /materiale_didattico/archeologia_egea/6.htm (3794 words)

	Mycenaean Greece-Society
		The tholos tombs are subterranean circular buildings which are comprised of the tholos and a long
		The entrance of the tholos tombs were blocked mainly by a wall and very rarely by a door.
		The use of tholos tombs ceases in the Late Helladic III C period (1300-1200 BC).
	www.fhw.gr /chronos/02/mainland/en/mg/society/burials/tholoi.html (621 words)

	Why should we interpret the Mesara tholoi as tombs rather than ossuaries?
		The assemblage of one tholos was already known to Arthur Evans at the end of the nineteenth century even though he thought that it came from a deposit.
		The first tholos to be excavated by archaeologists was the tholos B at Ayia Triadha, found in 1903 by the Italian Archaeological Mission, and since that time we have become aware of at least seventy certain examples of Mesara tholoi and about twenty other probable tombs.
		In this view the tomb is used also as ossuary, but this is a secondary function, because it always remained the place where to bury a new dead: a tomb.
	www.geocities.com /andreavi/2.htm (3045 words)

	Mycenaean Tholos Tombs and Early Mycenaean Settlements
		The {Mycenaean tholos tomb} consists of a circular, subterranean burial chamber, sometimes referred to as the {thalamos}, roofed by a corbelled vault and approached by a {dromos} [= entrance passage] that narrows abruptly at the {stomion} [= doorway] actually opening into the tomb chamber.
		The Tomb of Aegisthus, by virtue of the two phases detected in the construction of its stomion and the partial lining of its dromos with stone walls, is truly transitional between Groups I and II.
		From Messenia, the Mycenaean tholos diffused to the Argolid, Laconia, and coastal Attica during the LH IIA period.
	projectsx.dartmouth.edu /history/bronze_age/lessons/les/19.html (3859 words)

	Passionate about History
		"A subterranean tholos tomb was found along with four or five small, box-like cist tombs during construction of a new Volos ring road, according to the Ethnos daily.
		Archaeologists have not yet entered the tholos tomb â” a monumental structure of the same type as the famous âTomb of Atreusâ at Mycenae, which would have contained the remains of a local ruler.
		The Mycenaean tholos tomb consists of a circular, subterranean burial chamber, sometimes referred to as the thalamos, roofed by a corbelled vault and approached by a dromos (entrance passage) that narrows abruptly at the stomion (doorway) actually opening into the tomb chamber.
	uoregon.edu /~mharrsch/2004/02/unplundered-royal-mycenaean-tomb.html (297 words)

	HistoryWiz: Minoan Tombs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1981 this tholos tomb was discovered in 1981 near the village of Phylaki.
		The entrance to the tomb is at the end of a long deep dromos.
		The tomb was subsequently used by villagers as a rubbish dump where animals -- dead and alive -- as well as the clothes of consumptives were thrown.
	www.historywiz.com /minoantombs.htm (293 words)

	Phylaki
		Inside the tholos the chamber is almost square and in this it resembles another tholos tomb in Western Crete, at Maleme, though not the nearer example at Stylos which has a circular chamber.
		At least nine burials were found in poor condition inside the tomb and there was also evidence of burning, which suggests that animal sacrifices may have taken place in honour of the dead.
		Although the turning to the tomb is signposted from the road which leaves the village of Phylaki in the direction of Kournas, it is not signposted again.
	www.uk.digiserve.com /mentor/minoan/phylaki.htm (352 words)

	Mycenaean Tholos Tombs and Early Mycenaean Settlements
		The {Mycenaean tholos tomb} consists of a circular, subterranean burial chamber, sometimes referred to as the {thalamos}, roofed by a corbelled vault and approached by a {dromos} [= entrance passage] that narrows abruptly at the {stomion} [= doorway] actually opening into the tomb chamber.
		The Tomb of Aegisthus, by virtue of the two phases detected in the construction of its stomion and the partial lining of its dromos with stone walls, is truly transitional between Groups I and II.
		The Mycenaean tholos is usually restricted in its use to members of the uppermost class in society, the kings, princes, and major "barons" and their immediate families.
	projects.dartmouth.edu /history/bronze_age/lessons/les/19.html (3859 words)

	Classic Panos: Orchomenos: Archeology
		The tholos tomb at Orchomenos, also known as the "Treasury of Minyas" after the dynast who ruled there during the Mycenaean period, is of a type and size (14m.
		The tholos, which was looted in antiquity, today houses a Roman Imperial altar in the middle of the main chamber.
		Neither the upper reaches of the walls, nor the beehive-like top of the tomb are preserved, but the original trimmed bedrock floor of hard limestone, single massive lintel block still in place over the main entrance, and the magnificently decorated ceiling of the inner chamber still convey the grandeur of this royal burial place.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~cpano/orchomenos/details/arch.html (962 words)

	Encyclopedia: Mycenae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Since it had long ago been looted of its contents, he did not realise it was a tomb and called it the Treasury of Atreus.
		The Treasure of Atreus tholos in 2004 Beehive tombs, also known as Tholos tombs (plural tholoi), are a style of Mycenaean chamber tomb from the Bronze Age.
		A shaft tomb or shaft grave is a type of burial structure formed from a deep and narrow shaft sunk into natural rock.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Mycenae (2314 words)

	Dr. J's Illustrated Lion Tomb at Mycenae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Lion Tomb, situated outside the citadel walls, suffered the collapse of its tholos, and thus offers a wide-open view (the dromos, too, has been cleared).
		The tholos is 14 meters across, one of the smaller of the 9 tholos tombs discovered (thus far?) at Mycenae.
		Although some guide books claim the tomb's name is due to its proximity to the Lion Gate, the name is really due to the discovery of inlays of lions found within.
	people2.hsc.edu /drjclassics/sites/mycenae/liontomb.shtm (129 words)

	Appendix A (Ruth Palmer) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is similar to the horse burials found in the contemporary tombs of the Argolid and the Iron Age burials with horses from Salamis.
		Salamis chamber tomb 1 (mid-8th century), held a female burial in the tomb, and 2 horses and parts of a chariot in the dromos.
		Archanes Tholos A (LM IIIA) had an undisturbed side chamber where a burial in a larnax was accompanied by a horse sacrifice outside the chamber and a bull sacrifice inside the chamber.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~edmunds/HorseAppA.html (616 words)

	Mycenae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The dromos (entrance passage) to the tomb of Atreus, a.k.a.
		Inside the tomb of Atreus is a small (8 1/4 meters square) ossuary (second chamber) appended to the tholos chamber that held the bones from previous burials.
		The tholos was built using 33 successive circles of masonry, each level nudged inward to narrow the diameter until the top was closed with a single stone.
	www.grisel.net /mycenae.htm (949 words)

	Classical Backpacking in Greece - Attica - Thorikos
		Excavations have shown that the tomb was plundered in the Mycenaean period once and then again during the Roman period.
		In this respect, the tomb is similar to that of Iphigenia at Brauron, where a Mycenaean burial was also the object of cult worship during the archaic period.
		Thorikos VIII, 14-71 (tomb A and MH tumulus).
	www.missouri.edu /~daw262/thorikos.html (1097 words)

	Passionate about History
		"A subterranean tholos tomb was found along with four or five small, box-like cist tombs during construction of a new Volos ring road, according to the Ethnos daily.
		Archaeologists have not yet entered the tholos tomb — a monumental structure of the same type as the famous “Tomb of Atreus” at Mycenae, which would have contained the remains of a local ruler.
		The Mycenaean tholos tomb consists of a circular, subterranean burial chamber, sometimes referred to as the thalamos, roofed by a corbelled vault and approached by a dromos (entrance passage) that narrows abruptly at the stomion (doorway) actually opening into the tomb chamber.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~mharrsch/2004/02/unplundered-royal-mycenaean-tomb.html (298 words)

	Dr. J's Illustrated Lion Tomb at Mycenae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Lion Tomb, situated outside the citadel walls, suffered the collapse of its tholos, and thus offers a wide-open view (the dromos, too, has been cleared).
		The tholos is 14 meters across, one of the smaller of the 9 tholos tombs discovered (thus far?) at Mycenae.
		Like all thresholds in tholos tombs (and most ancient buildings), the doorway slants inward, getting smaller as it approaches the ceiling.
	lilt.ilstu.edu /DRJCLASSICS/sites/mycenae/liontomb.shtm (129 words)

	GlobalGuide.Org on GlobalGuide.Org, mapping the world
		As a generic term tholos tomb is an alternative name for a Beehive tomb from the late Bronze Age.
		Tholos at Athens was the building which housed the Prytaneion, or seat of government, in ancient Athens.
		Tholos at Delphi is a circular building located approximately 800 metres from the main site of Delphi.
	www.globalguide.org /index.html?title=Tholos (120 words)

	KIP: Research Areas, Tholos Excavation
		In the middle of this cutting was a nest of closely packed pots, and on a pebble surface in the southern corner were masses of conical cups, carefully stacked on their sides or inverted in a large basin.
		The Tholos tomb type, the regular occurrence of pebbled areas and the similar suites of pottery, all suggest a relatively conservative set of mortuary strategies, consistently reproduced over two phases of the LMI period.
		The picture at Tholos is comparable to that documented for other excavated tombs at Kastri and in combination, these Second Palace tombs offer an intriguing perspective on funerary practice, during a time of apparent demographic expansion and rural colonisation across the island.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /kip/tholos.php (551 words)

	Beehive tombs
		Beehive tombs, also known as Tholos tombs (plural tholoi), are a monumental Late Bronze Age development of either the Mycenaean chamber tombs or tumulus burials dating to the Middle Bronze Age.
		The origins and development of the Beehive tombs is disputed with some supporting an origin in Messenia others in the built tholos tombs of Early Bronze Age Crete (despite some important differences both in function and form).
		The tripartite structure of the tombs is not always evident in the earliest mainland examples (for example at Voidhokoilia) but by the time the architectural type had left Messenia the separation into chamber, stomion and dromos was fixed.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/LX/BeehiveTombs.html (413 words)

	Minoan Architecture
		For centuries the Minoans used Tholos Tombs and sacred caves, along with pithoi and larnakes for burial of their dead.
		They were usually round in shape with one short entrance, although tholos tombs rectangular in shape were not unusual, like the ones found in Palekastro, and some were cut into hill sides, while most were free-standing structures.
		The tholos tombs were used extensively during the Prepalatial and Protopalatial periods (2600-1700 BC), and many were continuously used until historic times.
	www.ancient-greece.org /architecture/minoan-archi.html (591 words)

	Archaeological Atlas of the Aegean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Many tholos tombs, usually constructed in pairs and dated to the 3rd millennium BC, have been excavated in the plain.
		The architecture of these tombs bespeaks sound knowledge of domed structures, while the wealth of grave goods (sealstones, vases, jewellery, tools) indicates that the dead were members of the upper echelons of Minoan society, which was then taking shape.
		Platanos: A pair of Early Minoan tholos tombs (2600-2000 BC).
	www.ypai.gr /atlas/thesi_uk.asp?idthesis=552 (146 words)

	Greece, Crete Attorney, Real Estate Attorney. Law Offices of Savvas Zannetos.
		The palaces of this period are focused around communities, and circular tholos tombs were the major architectural structures of the time.
		The tholos tombs were used for centuries by entire villages, or clans and older corpses and offerings were placed aside to make room for a new burial.
		Most of the tholos tombs were circular while in Palekastro and Mochlos they were of a rectangular in shape with a flat roof.
	www.creteattorney.com /greece_greek_crete_cretan_kriti_history.php (1922 words)

	Late Minoan Cemetery at Armenoi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		All the tombs belong to the rock-cut chamber tomb with dromos, with the exception of the unique built tholos tomb no. 200.
		It is the only tholos tomb at the cemetery of Armenoi.
		The tomb is dated to the beginning of the 14th century B.C. Tomb 159.
	www.bonus.com /contour/Cultural_Map_of_Hellas/http@@/www.culture.gr/2/21/211/21125a/e211ya03.html (292 words)

	Subterranea of Greece: The Treasury of Atreus
		Cave Tomb Tholos tomb of the Mycenaean period.
		Dromos is the term for a narrow passageway or corridor which served as an entrance to a tholos tomb of the Mycenaean period.
		The tholos was most likely built in front of the rock cut chamber and later covered with rocks and earth.
	www.showcaves.com /english/gr/misc/Atreus.html (519 words)

	The American School of Classical Studies at Athens: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The tomb was excavated from May 25 to July 23, 1953, and was published in Palace of Nestor III (1973) on pp.
		The tomb was excavated from July 17 to July 30, 1958 and was published in Palace of Nestor III (1973) on pp.
		The tomb was excavated from July 16 to July 24, 1957, and was published in Palace of Nestor III (1973) on pp.
	www.ascsa.edu.gr /archives/blegen/taylour.htm (2268 words)

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