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	Thomas Birch - LoveToKnow 1911
		THOMAS BIRCH (1705-1766), English historian, son of Joseph Birch, a coffee-mill maker, was born at Clerkenwell on the 23rd of November 1705.
		Birch was killed on the 9th of January 1766 by a fall from his horse, and was buried in the church of St Margaret Pattens, London, of which he was then rector.
		Birch had an enormous capacity for work and was engaged in a large number of literary undertakings.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Thomas_Birch (356 words)

	Thomas Birch
		Thomas Birch (November 23, 1705 - January 9, 1766), English historian, son of Joseph Birch, a coffee-mill maker, was born at Clerkenwell.
		He left his books and manuscripts to the British Museum, and a sum of about £500 to increase the salaries of the three assistant librarians.
		Birch wrote most of the English lives in the General Dictionary, Historical and Critical, 10 vols.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/th/Thomas_Birch.html (335 words)

	Thomas Birch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thomas Birch (November 23, 1705 - January 9, 1766), English historian, son of Joseph Birch, a coffee-mill maker, was born at Clerkenwell.
		Johnson wrote: "Tom Birch is as brisk as a bee in conversation; but no sooner does he take a pen in his hand, than it becomes a torpedo to him, and benumbs all his faculties".
		Birch wrote most of the English lives in the General Dictionary, Historical and Critical, 10 vols.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thomas_Birch (396 words)

	Thomas Birch, 1875-1934 - Lawrence J. Cantor and Company
		Birch used a technique similar to those used by English painters- such as the use of glazes and impasto made for a dramatic effect in his skies and water.
		Birch's concern for accuracy involved an initial detailed sketch, brush strokes of color, and then final details would sometimes be inscribed lines done with the pointed end of the brush.
		Birch lived and worked in Philadelphia, but also painted in New Jersey, and Pointe Breeze, the Delaware River estate of Joseph Bonaparte, the exiled king of Naples and Spain.
	www.fineoldart.com /browse_by_essay.html?essay=145 (295 words)

	James A. Michener Art Museum: Bucks County Artists
		Thomas Birch was a versatile painter and printmaker who specialized in landscapes.
		Birch and Son." Thomas Birch painted watercolors of historic buildings and, in his later years, seascapes and naval scenes from the War of 1812.
		Birch's oil paintings of land and water are visibly atmospheric, done in a style of romantic realism influenced by the Dutch tradition.
	www.michenermuseum.org /bucksartists/artist.php?artist=26 (180 words)

	Birch, Thomas William (1774 - 1821) Biographical Entry - Australian Dictionary of Biography Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		BIRCH, THOMAS WILLIAM (1774-1821), surgeon, merchant and shipowner, arrived in Hobart Town in May 1808 as medical officer in the whaler Dubuc and remained as a settler.
		Birch speculated in both land and building, erecting the stone wall round the Hobart gaol and building for himself the colony's finest brick house, which was leased on occasion to both Lieutenant-Governor Sorell and Governor Macquarie.
		In public life Birch served in 1818 as a member of the Lieutenant-Governor's Court, and was commended for his promptness in provisioning his ship to send it in pursuit of bushrangers.
	www.adb.online.anu.edu.au /biogs/A010096b.htm (548 words)

	Colección Carmen Thyssen-Bornemisza - Philadelphia Winter Landscape
		Thomas Birch was probably the first academic painter in America to paint winter views, compositions which were to influence George Durrie whose work was popularised through the lithographs of Currier and Ives.
		Birch’s paintings come out of the Northern European landscapes tradition in which the winter was considered “the Dutch 17th-century landscape par excellence.” Birch’s father owned a number of Dutch paintings, or copies, in his collection, including Jacob van Ruisdael’s The Stump and Jan van Goyen’s Winter Scene, which shows figures skating.
		Birch’s known paintings of winter scenes are dated between the years 1832 to 1842; exhibition records for the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and the Artists’ Fund Society show that Birch exhibited winter landscapes almost every year from 1811—1815 and 1834—1844.
	coleccionctb.museothyssen.org /ColeccionCTB/eng/htm/obra90/ficha.htm (689 words)

	Thomas BIRCH / BIRTCH
		This may be the Thomas Birch who was in Montreal early and came to the Richmond settlement.
		She believed that Thomas Birch had financially supported Oliver Cromwell's invasion of Ireland in 1649 and in return was granted land in Kilkenny where he moved with his family about 1660.
		Thomas married, settled in St Marys, had a number of children and eventually moved to Huntsville in Muskoka, Ontario, Canada, family in tow where he purhased quite a bit of the mainstreet of Huntsville from one of the founder's of Huntsville a Mr.
	www.bytown.net /birchtom.htm (4286 words)

	Birch: Manors \| British History Online
		The manor of GREAT BIRCH with Birch Castle (sometimes referred to as Birch Hall) was held in 1066 by Edric, and afterwards by Ingelric, and in 1086 of Count Eustace of Boulogne by Hugh who held Easthorpe of the count.
		The manor was granted, with Easthorpe, to Ralph Gernon in 1228, and the demesne lordship of Great Birch descended with Easthorpe to the Gernon and Peyton families and their successors, certainly until 1576 when Arthur Golding succeeded his brother Henry, and possibly until 1586 or later.
		Birch Holt, formerly Old Holt, in Great and Little Birch, Messing, Layer Marney, and Copford, sometimes referred to as a manor, may be associated with William atte Holte recorded in 1327.
	www.british-history.ac.uk /report.asp?compid=15146 (2000 words)

	William Birch's Philadelphia
		illiam Russell Birch, a distinguished English artist known especially for his enamels of brilliant color and his miniature landscape engravings, was living at the time at his country house "Springland" north of the city.
		Although Birch found it easy to come by wealthy patrons, it was his interest to display not only the architecture of the young city but also the life of its inhabitants, whatever their occupations and status.
		Birch's scenes of Philadelphia displayed the strong foothold of the Europeanization that had begun at the eastern seaboard and was about to engulf all other societies.
	www.lewis-clark.org /content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=2337 (690 words)

	Timken Museum: Thomas Birch
		Regarded as America's first marine artist, Birch is known for his paintings of the early American shipping industry and for a series devoted to the naval engagements of the War of 1812.
		The transparency and volume of the waves, the changing weather, and the other accurate details persuasively convey the plight of the ship and her crew.
		Birch was an admirer of Claude-Joseph Vernet, who also painted stormy coastal scenes and whose
	www.timkenmuseum.org /1-american-birchB.html (135 words)

	Philadelphia Winter Landscape,BIRCH, Thomas,Oil on canvasThyssen-Bornemisza Museum Gallery of Art (Paseo del Prado, 8, ...
		Thomas Birch was probably the first academic painter in America to paint winter views, compositions which were to influence George Durrie whose work was popularised through the lithographs of Currier and Ives.
		Birch's paintings come out of the Northern European landscapes tradition in which the winter was considered "the Dutch 17th-century landscape par excellence." Birch's father owned a number of Dutch paintings, or copies, in his collection, including Jacob van Ruisdael's The Stump and Jan van Goyen's Winter Scene, which shows figures skating.
		Birch's known paintings of winter scenes are dated between the years 1832 to 1842; exhibition records for the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and the Artists' Fund Society show that Birch exhibited winter landscapes almost every year from 1811-1815 and 1834-1844.
	www.museothyssen.org /thyssen_ing/coleccion/obras_ficha_texto90.html (562 words)

	William Russell Birch and Thomas Birch
		WILLIAM RUSSELL BIRCH was born in Warwickshire, England April 9, 1755.
		He is best known for his miniature and enamel portraits and this series of Views of Philadelphia which he worked on with his son Thomas and published in 1799-1800.
		THOMAS BIRCH, son of William Russell Birch, was born in England 1779 and emigrated with his father to Philadelphia in 1794 and spent the rest of his life living and working there.
	www.ushistory.org /birch/birch.htm (304 words)

	SIXTH GENERATION
		Great grandfather Charles Birch was a follower of the Old English custom of giving all of the inheritance to the oldest son.
		Thomas being now wealthy proceeded to add to his material status by going into the railroad business, a rising enterprise at that time.
		He was a man of strong intellectual features, judging from his photograph and the results of his financial efforts were that at his death his estate was appraised at 12 million dollars.
	www.wheelerfolk.org /keithgen/d44.htm (661 words)

	HERSHEY'S Topics in Nutrition: Children's Eating Patterns: References
		Birch LL, Deysher M. Conditioned and unconditioned caloric compensation: evidence for self-regulation of food intake by young children.
		Birch LL, Deysher M. Caloric compensation and sensory specific satiety: evidence for self regulation of food intake by young children.
		Birch LL, Marlin DW, Rotter J. Eating as the "means" activity in a contingency: effects on young children's food preference.
	www.hersheys.com /nutrition-professionals/children/references.asp (1973 words)

	Birch Surname of Bourbon County, Kentucky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Her father, Thomas Erskine Birch, was born on the island of Jamaica.
		Mary M. Birch Dudley, to be enrolled as one of the surviving daughter of a Revolutionary Sailor, do state that I am the grandson of Thomas Erskine Birch, the Sailor, and son of the late Judge James H. Birch, of Missouri, and am over seventy years of age.
		Many men were astonished that Judge Birch and his sons were union men, not knowing that it was the result of the blood of an Ancestor shed during the Revolutionary war in upholding the flag of Washington.
	www.shawhan.com /Notes/birch.html (1760 words)

	Beers: Birch p. 313 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		THOMAS FLEMING BIRCH, one of the leading attorneys of Washington, whose practice is for the most part in the civil courts of the county, is a native of Claysville, Washington Co., Penn., born May 18, 1856.
		His father, John Birch, was one of the enterprising men of Claysville.
		Transcribed April 1997 by Thomas Shultz of Nashville, TN as part of the Beers Project.
	www.chartiers.com /beers-project/articles/birch-313.html (208 words)

	Acknowledgments
		William Penn's symmetrical grid plan of Philadelphia, engraved by his surveyor-general Thomas Holme, was the foundation on which generations of Philadelphians built their metropolis.
		Birch's book of Philadelphia views published in 1800 is the foundation on which I built my comparative records, at present a forty-year project consisting of three exhibitions and two books.
		The commentaries accompanying the Birch engravings and my photographs do not purport to give full histories of the specific sites, but rather seek to give the reader some generally known facts, and on occasion, the little known.
	www.ushistory.org /birch/ack.htm (1000 words)

	Thomas Birch biography
		Thomas Birch was a marine, landscape, portrait, and miniature painter.
		Around 1806, Thomas Birch began painting portraits, in both oil and watercolor, as well as marine subjects.
		Although his primary residence was in Philadelphia, Birch also painted in New Jersey, visiting Bordentown several times and painting views at Point Breeze, the Delaware River estate of the exiled Joseph Bonaparte, former king of Naples and Spain.
	whitemountainart.com /Biographies/bio_tb.htm (276 words)

	Thomas Birch biography
		Thomas Birch was a marine, landscape, portrait, and miniature painter.
		Around 1806, Thomas Birch began painting portraits, in both oil and watercolor, as well as marine subjects.
		Although his primary residence was in Philadelphia, Birch also painted in New Jersey, visiting Bordentown several times and painting views at Point Breeze, the Delaware River estate of the exiled Joseph Bonaparte, former king of Naples and Spain.
	www.whitemountainart.com /Biographies/bio_tb.htm (276 words)

	[No title]
		Thomas Birch was born in 1779 in England.
		Birch accomplished all of this through precise detail and smoothly modeled forms.
		Other paintings by Birch can be found at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, the Pennsylvania Historical Society, the Brooklyn Museum, the Shelbourne Museum in Vermont, and the Nantucket Historical Association.
	www.ettc.net /njarts/details.cfm?ID=70 (350 words)

	Shenandoah National Park - Sweet Birch (U.S. National Park Service)
		Furthermore, Sweet Birch bark is smooth and prominently encircled with horizontal lenticels (corky spots which allow gas exchange with the air) reminiscent of cherry bark (Grimm, 2002).
		In addition to birch beer, the tree was the source of the much prized oil of wintergreen.
		Prior to the commercial use of Sweet Birch for the extraction of wintergreen oil, the source of the oil was the diminutive woodland plant known as wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens).
	www.nps.gov /shen/naturescience/sweet_birch.htm (639 words)

	The Real Election Issue Is Survival of the Nation \| The John Birch Society - Truth, Leadership, Freedom
		Thomas Sowell is an author who I believe is capable of viewing most situations from a logical and constitutional viewpoint.
		Partisan ignorance of the real issues, the reasons for Iraq involvement, and the greater threats to US sovereignty and survival as a nation lie deeper than Hastert's or Bush's or Clinton's politics or partisan connections.
		Alan is the Director of Mission and Campaigns for the John Birch Society.
	www.jbs.org /node/1385 (475 words)

	Thomas Birch (1779 - 1851) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		Thomas Birch, American (born in England), 1779-1851 Sleigh Ride in the Country 1841 Oil on
		Thomas Birch, American (born in England), 1779-1851 Engagement Between the "Constitution" and the "Guerrière" 1813
		Thomas Birch, American (born in England), 1779-1851 Engagement Between the "United States" and the "Macedonian"
	www.wwar.com /masters/b/birch-thomas.html (1133 words)

	THOMAS BIRCH (1705-1766) - Online Information article about THOMAS BIRCH (1705-1766)
		THOMAS BIRCH (1705-1766) - Online Information article about THOMAS BIRCH (1705-1766)
		Birch was killed on the 9th of See also:
		British Museum, and a sum of about 500 to increase the salaries of the three assistant librarians.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /BER_BLA/BIRCH_THOMAS_1705_1766_.html (819 words)

	Thomas Birch Online
		Thomas Birch at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
		Thomas Birch in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art Database
		All images and text on this Thomas Birch page are copyright 2007 by John Malyon/Artcyclopedia, unless otherwise noted.
	www.artcyclopedia.com /artists/birch_thomas.html (209 words)

	Thomas Birch American Master Painter
		Farm and Barn Paintings -- Thomas Birch - Winter Scene -or- Farm Scene with Horse Drawn Sleigh 1834
		Thomas Birch - A Sailing Vessel in a Heavy Sea
		Thomas Birch - Fishing Boats off a Rocky Coast with a Fishing Schooner in the Distance 1831
	store.encore-editions.com /thomasbirch.html (186 words)

	allaboutarts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Thomas Birch nasceu no Reino Unido em 1779 e chegou a Filadélfia, Estados Unidos com 15 anos de idade com seu pai, também artista, William Birch.
		Thomas Birch foi o primeiro pintor americano a se especializar em marinas o que foi uma sorte, pois o interesse pelas marinhas cresceram com a guerra contra a Inglaterra em 1812, que teve sua maior parte no mar.
		Thomas Birch morreu em 1851, na Filadélfia, Pensilvânia, Estados Unidos.
	www.allaboutarts.com.br /dv/showpage.asp?code=1205P13&version=portugues&name=Thomas_Birch (215 words)

	Thomas Birch - Calm Day on the Delaware River - Vallejo Maritime Gallery - Specialists in 18th, 19th, and 20th Century ...
		Today the communities of New Castle and Salem line the banks, but this early in the American experience, it is still a pristine natural setting, that artist Thomas Birch fills with intriguing interest and artistry.
		In what could easily be regarded as a “Hudson River style” painting performed well before their was such a label, Birch starts with an atmosphere full of a luminous soft salmon glow.
		Birch painted marines during his 56-year career as a professional artist.
	www.vallejogallery.com /item.php?id=1549&cat=&title=Calm_Day_on_the_Delaware_River (349 words)

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