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	C E D A R G R O V E \| The Thomas Cole National Historic Site
		Thomas Cole was born in 1801 at Bolton, Lancashire in Northwestern England and emigrated with his family to the United States in 1818.
		During the winter of 1835-1836, Cole stayed in Catskill working on "The Course of Empire." During this period Cole began to express strong views concerning the impact of industrial development and its negative consequences for the wild beauty of the Catskills landscapes that were the source of inspiration for his work.
		In February 1846, Cole began another series of paintings to be called "The Cross In The World." Cole's second studio, some distance from the main house, was built during this period and was used by the artist from this time on.
	www.thomascole.org /learn_biography.htm (928 words)

	Thomas Cole (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		When Thomas Cole died in 1848, his reputation, both in the art world and among the general public, was enormous: probably higher than has been attained by any other American painter, before or since.
		Cole's level of technical accomplishment varied considerably from time to time, but he could and did paint human figures credibly enough when he had reason to: when this was clearly demanded by his conception, and supported by what we would call the "human ecology" of his design.
		It is pretty clear that Cole regarded the urban proliferation of the Consummation as a pathological excrescence on the face of the Earth.
	azothgallery.com /ThomasCole.html (1871 words)

	AMAM
		Cole's seminal painting is the culmination of a long tradition of picturesque and topographical landscapes in America.
		Nevertheless, Cole's presentation of this wilderness landscape, "the truly American forest,"6 was tempered by his middle-class upbringing in Lancashire,7 his study of earlier paintings, and his own innate gifts, the latter evident in both the soft, lyrical color that suffuses Lake with Dead Trees and in the inventive foreground iconography.
		Cole's paintings, and specifically the formal and iconographic ideas represented in Lake with Dead Trees, were crucial to the development of the Hudson River school, which included such artists as Frederic E. Church, Jasper Francis Cropsey, Thomas, Asher B. Durand, and John Frederick Kensett.
	www.oberlin.edu /allenart/collection/cole_thomas.html (3008 words)

	Thomas Cole - LoveToKnow 1911
		THOMAS COLE (1801-1848), American landscape painter, was born at Bolton-le-Moors, England, on the 1st of February 1801.
		He had an influence on his time and his fellows which was considerable, and with Durand he may be said to have founded the early school of American landscape painters.
		Cole spent the years1829-1832and1841-1842abroad, mainly in Italy, and at Florence lived with the sculptor Greenough.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Thomas_Cole (290 words)

	Cole - The Voyage of Life: Manhood - c1840
		Thomas Cole, American artist and poet, was born in Lancashire, England in 1801 and moved with his family to the United States at the age of seventeen.
		For Cole, this new world provided a source of inspiration for the development of his art and his poetry, and set the foundation for what was to become the first truly American school of painting.
		Thomas Cole was a particularly complex and interesting figure who sought spiritual and personal solitude through a communion with nature yet was exceptionally well connected in artistic, literary and social circles.
	www.smith.edu /artmuseum/exhibitions/spectrum/edcolefull.htm (1376 words)

	On the life of Thomas Cole - William Cullen Bryant
		Cole was early in the habit of amusing himself with drawing, observant of the aspect of nature and fond of remarking the varieties of scenery.
		The whole shows that Cole, amidst the discomfort and vexations which surrounded him, suffered no depression of his faculties, and that the vision of what he had observed in external nature came to him, in all its beauty, and remained with him until his pencil had transferred it to the canvas.
		He was not a man like Cole, to linger long in contemplation of the objects he would delineate, to study them till he had exhausted all they could offer to his observation, and till their image became incorporated with his mind.
	www.catskillarchive.com /cole/wcb.htm (6922 words)

	Thomas R. Cole, PhD
		Thomas R. Cole is the Beth and Toby Grossman Professor and Director of the McGovern Center for Health, Humanities, and the Human Spirit at the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston.
		Cole graduated from Yale University (B.A. Philosophy, 1971), Wesleyan University (M.A., History, 1975) and the University of Rochester, (Ph.D., History, 1981).
		Cole's most recent film, Still Life: The Humanity of Anatomy, was an official selection at the Doubletake Documentary Film festival in April 2002.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /hhhs/cole.htm (458 words)

	Thomas Cole
		Thomas Cole is often called the "Father of the Hudson River School of Art." In 1826 he helped to found the National Academy of Design in New York City.
		Dubbed the Founder of the Hudson River School, Cole was apprenticed to a calico designer and wood engraver in England before he came to the United States with his family in 1818.
		In the winters, Cole returned to his New York City studio to paint romantic, amalgamative, grand, and enormous allegorical works such as the Voyage of Life and Course of Empire from the accumulated sketches of his summer excursions.
	www.rit.edu /~jvg2236/Artchive/thomascole.html (330 words)

	Thomas Cole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thomas Cole (February 1, 1801 - February 11, 1848) was a nineteenth century American artist; he is regarded as the founder of the Hudson River School, an American art movement that flourished in the mid-19th century and was concerned with the realistic and detailed portrayal of nature.
		Cole spent the years 1829 to 1832 and 1841-1842 abroad, mainly in England and Italy; in Florence lived with the sculptor Horatio Greenough.
		Cole was an entrant in the design competion held in 1838 to create a new state government building in Columbus, Ohio.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thomas_Cole (510 words)

	Thomas Cole
		"Thomas Cole, born in Lancashire, England, was trained as an engraver of woodblocks used for printing calico.
		In 1823, Cole followed his family to Pittsburgh and began to make detailed and systematic studies of that city's highly picturesque scenery, establishing a procedure of painstakingly detailed drawing that was to become the foundation of his landscape painting.
		Cole next moved to New York, where the series of works he produced following a sketching trip up the Hudson River in the summer of 1825 brought him to the attention of the city's most important artists and patrons.
	www.artchive.com /artchive/C/cole.html (724 words)

	Campania Felix: Thomas Cole - Campania and The Course of Empire
		Cole decried this over and over in his letters and poems while he held onto the sublime and beautiful in nature in his paintings.
		Cole must have known of Lyell’s work and he sketched the three columns standing in water, the lithodomic markings clearly indicated, a work reminiscent of the frontispiece engraving of Lyell’s book.
		Cole was an artist who responded to many influences: to other artists, to literature, to his study of science, but primarily to his own experience and imagination.
	www.nsula.edu /campaniafelix/ColeCampania.html (3127 words)

	Thomas Cole Papers, 1821-1863 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Thomas Cole was born in Bolton-le-Moor, Lancashire, England, February 1, 1801.
		Cole took the three oil paintings that resulted from this trip to a frame shop on Broadway in New York City where they were seen by Col. John Trumbull, president of the American Academy of Fine Arts and, at the time, one of the most influential men in New York art circles.
		Cole made use of every scrap of paper for jotting down ideas for paintings, names of people who commissioned him to paint pictures, and ideas he encountered in his readings.
	www.nysl.nysed.gov /msscfa/sc10635.htm (1954 words)

	Catskill Archive - Thomas Cole
		Thomas Cole was born Feb. 1, 1801 in Lancashire, England.
		Financially, Cole fared just as badly there, but, studying at the Pennsylvania Academy Of Fine Arts, his painting technique was refined and improved.
		Cole's work becomes increasingly religous during his final years.
	www.catskillarchive.com /cole/cole.htm (739 words)

	Art Museum's Inaugural Exhibition to Feature Thomas Cole's 1836 Painting The Oxbow
		In 1836, Thomas Cole (1825–1870), a leader of America's first school of landscape painting, the Hudson River school, made sketches from the summit of Mount Holyoke, the mountain after which the College is named.
		Cole's painting, on loan from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, will be the centerpiece of Changing Prospects: The View from Mount Holyoke, an exhibition on display at the Mount Holyoke College Art Museum September 3–December 8.
		Cole's Oxbow—the name refers to the sharp bend in the river—is the most famous depiction, but there are countless others.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /offices/comm/csj/083002/oxbow.shtml (1185 words)

	The untrammeled vision: Thomas Cole and the dream of the Artist - paintings entitled The Architect's Dream and Dream of ...
		Cole used this as a humorous device to recount his experience of painting Dream of Arcadia.
		Cole's passage parodies both the well-known Romantic practice of recording one's dreams and the dream as popular literary device.
		Cole's attempt to reconcile his own taste and artistic interests with the anticipated needs of Town led him to produce an unresolved and ambiguous image.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0425/is_n2_v52/ai_14174053 (772 words)

	Thomas Cole Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Thomas Cole (1801-1848) was the founder of the Hudson River school of romantic American landscape painting.
		Thomas Cole was born in Bolton-le-Moors, Lancaster, England, and emigrated with his family to Philadelphia in 1818.
		Cole was now established and able to support himself by his landscapes.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/thomas-cole (597 words)

	Cole Younger - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thomas Coleman "Cole" Younger, born in 1844, was the son of Henry Washington Younger, a prosperous, slaveowning farmer from what is now Lee's Summit, Missouri.
		Cole Younger and his brother Bob would both later say that they selected the bank because of its connection to two former Union generals and Radical Republican politicians, Benjamin Butler and Adelbert Ames.
		Cole and Jim were paroled on July 10, 1901, with the help of the prison warden.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cole_Younger (1500 words)

	Thomas Cole Online (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Coles' only student was Frederic Edwin Church, one of the leaders of the second generation of the Hudson River School.
		Thomas Cole at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
		Thomas Cole in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art Database
	www.artcyclopedia.com.cob-web.org:8888 /artists/cole_thomas.html (588 words)

	Hudson River School - Thomas Cole
		On November 22, 1836 Thomas Cole was married to Maria Bartow in the west parlor at Cedar Grove.
		During the winter of 1835-36, Cole produced one of his most popular series of paintings, known as “The Course of Empire.” He began to have strong ideas about industrial development and its negative effect on the wild beauty of the Catskill landscapes, which were the source of ideas for his work.
		In March of 1839, Cole produced 4 paintings, to be known as “The Voyage Of Life”, for Samuel Ward.
	www.projectview.org /HudsonRiverSchool/ThomasCole.htm (490 words)

	Cole, Thomas - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		COLE, THOMAS [Cole, Thomas] 1801-48, American landscape painter, b.
		He arrived in the United States in 1818 and moved to Ohio, where he was impressed by the beauty of the countryside.
		Thomas W. Cole Jr., Credited With 'The Remarkable Rise Of Clark Atlanta University,' To Retire
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-cole-t1ho.html (373 words)

	Ruined Tower by Thomas Cole
		Cole may have also taken inspiration from English artist John Constable's similarly composed painting, Hadleigh Castle (1829), a dramatic scene of desolation and ruin.
		Cole used the image of the tower in various allegorical paintings as symbols of society's rise and ruin.
		A devout Christian, Cole ultimately focused on the temporary state of human life and achievement in contrast with the dramatic power and inevitable authority of nature and God.
	www.albanyinstitute.org /collections/Hudson/cole2.htm (127 words)

	Biography of Thomas Cole
		Thomas Cole was born in 1801 in Lancashire, England.
		Thomas again traveled to Phillidelphia in 1823 with the intent to refine his painting techniques and become a landscape painter.
		It wasn’t until his stay in New TYork that Thomas Cole was recognized by the art community as a potentially worthy artist.
	www.gbcnv.edu /~techdesk/NickStake/biography.html (599 words)

	Thomas Cole - Artist Biographies
		In 1825 Cole moved to New York City, spent a summer roaming around the Catskills, and made his debut as a landscapist.
		Cole began to spend more and more time in the mountains and along the shores of the Hudson River, but when he decided to go to Europe in 1829, the poet William Cullen Bryant exhorted him in a sonnet to "keep that earlier, wilder image bright."
		The work was badly received in Rome and Cole returned to his family, to the home he had established in Catskill-on-Hudson, and to his beloved mountains.
	www.posters-art.us /biography/Thomas_Cole.html (429 words)

	Thomas Cole (1801 - 1848) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		Thomas Cole was born in Lancashire, England and began his career as an apprentice to and engraver of textile designs.
		Thomas Cole, American (born in England), 1801-1848 Portrait of the Artist"s Wife 1836-48 Graphite, heightened
		Thomas Cole, long considered the founder of the Hudson River School and the father of 19th century American landscape as a whole, takes center stage in this exhibition with his seminal five-painting series, The Course of Empire.
	wwar.com /masters/c/cole-thomas.html (1360 words)

	[No title]
		I will describe Cole's use of color, medium, and movement he painted in for this particular painting called "The Oxbow." In addition, I will also provide a brief biography and why I feel Cole represents his state of Massachusetts, in which this painting was done.
		Thomas Cole emphasizes the deep contrast between the grayish white sky over the light green landscape and darkness and dark gray sky over the deeper green brush and the heavy colored brown tree trunk.
		Thomas Cole was born in England in 1808, but lived in various parts of the United States.
	eprentice.sdsu.edu /J03CR/hparrish/capainters/ThomasCole.doc (960 words)

	Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute - Thomas Cole
		Early in March of 1839, Thomas Cole was commissioned by the prominent New York banker and philanthropist Samuel Ward Sr., to paint an allegorical series of four paintings entitled "The Voyage of Life", the subject of which he had conceived in the fall of 1836.
		Cole began work with great enthusiasm on the first of the series, named "Childhood" in September 1839, using as his guide a number of preliminary pencil drawings and oil sketches.
		His great achievement in "The Voyage of Life" was his synthesis of three related ideas: life is a pilgrimage; a person's life can be divided into four distinct stages; and the course of a person's life can be metaphorically compared to a journey on a river that winds its way through a magical landscape.
	www.mwpai.org /museum/collections/thevoyageoflife (338 words)

	THOMAS COLE 1801-
		Thomas Cole has long been known as the founder of the Hudson River School.
		From essentially topographical records of America's mountains, rivers, and forests, Cole moved quickly to incorporate incidents from James Fenimore Cooper's newly-published novels in his landscapes, thereby elevating those landscapes to the stature of history painting.
		This pessimistic view of history, in which humans are seemingly doomed to repeat their errors, was consciously countered at the time by the promise of progress, seen by Cole, among others, as uniquely embodied in the American wilderness, a place of inexhaustible resources, a place where there were no ruins.
	www.butlerart.com /pc_book/pages/thomas.htm (701 words)

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