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Topic: Thomas Cromwell

	Oliver Cromwell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cromwell's associations of Catholicism and persecution were deepened with the Irish Rebellion of 1641, which were marked by massacres (wildly exaggerated in Puritan circles in Britain) by Irish Catholics of English and Scottish Protestant settlers.
		Cromwell's influence as a military commander and politician during the English Civil War dramatically altered the military and the political landscape of the British Isles.
		Oliver Cromwell was the first to coin the phrase "warts and all." Though he did not actually say "warts and all", the phrase comes from a famous conversation that he made to the artist (Lely) that was painting his portrait after he became Lord Protector.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oliver_Cromwell (3523 words)

	THOMAS CROMWELL - LoveToKnow Article on THOMAS CROMWELL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Cromwell could be most useful to the government in parliament, and the government, represented by Norfolk, undertook to use its influence in procuring him a seat, on the natural understanding that Cromwell should do his best to further government business in the House of Commons.
		Cromwell was not affected by the iniquities of the monks except as arguments for the confiscation of their property.
		Cromwell, however, succeeded in suspending the execution of the act, and was allowed to proceed with his one independent essay in foreign policy.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CR/CROMWELL_THOMAS.htm (4282 words)

	Thomas Cromwell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cromwell was the most prominent of those who suggested to Henry VIII that the king make himself head of the English Church, and saw the Act of Supremacy of 1534 through Parliament.
		Cromwell had supported Henry in disposing of Anne Boleyn and replacing her with Jane Seymour.
		The marriage to Anne of Cleves, a political alliance which Cromwell had urged on Henry, was a disaster, and this was the real motive for Cromwell to be charged with treason.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Thomas_Cromwell (523 words)

	Tudor Citizens - Thomas Cromwell
		Thomas Cromwell was as great a statesman as England has ever seen and, in his decade of power, permanently changed the course of English history.
		Cromwell wanted government to be effective and efficient; to achieve this, he had to end the chaos of feudal privilege and ill-defined jurisdictions.
		Cromwell's rise to power was extraordinary and occurred just when Henry needed a minister of great administrative imagination and genius, uninterested in the squabbles of his council and determined to empower the machinery of state.
	www.englishhistory.net /tudor/citizens/cromwell.html (5976 words)

	BBC - History - Oliver Cromwell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Oliver Cromwell played a leading role in bringing Charles I to trial and execution, and was a key figure during the civil war.
		Cromwell's grandfather built an elegant house on the outskirts of Huntingdon and regularly entertained King James (the hunting was good in Huntingdon) and other prominent courtiers.
		But Cromwell's father was a younger son who only inherited a small part of the family fortune and he was brought up in a modest town house.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/state/monarchs_leaders/cromwell_01.shtml (334 words)

	THOMAS CROMWELL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Thomas reiste längere Zeit in Italien, trat dann um 1525 in die Dienste des Kardinals Wolsey, gewann nach dessen Sturz die Gunst Heinrichs VIII.
		Cromwell wurde nun der Führer der eigentlich protestantischen Partei am Hof Heinrichs und vermittelte, 1539 zum Earl of Essex erhoben, dessen Ehe mit Anna von Kleve, um dadurch Verbindungen mit den deutschen Protestanten anzuknüpfen.
		Cromwell wurde, des Hochverrats und der Ketzerei angeklagt, zum Tode verurteilt und 28.
	www.toonorama.com /encyclopedia/T/Thomas_Cromwell (252 words)

	Thomas Cromwell Biography / Biography of Thomas Cromwell Biography Biography
		Thomas Cromwell was born in Putney, near London.
		Cromwell's administrative abilities were soon recognized, and he became involved in all of Wolsey's business, especially the suppression of certain small monasteries and the application of their revenues to new colleges founded in Ipswich and Oxford.
		Unlike Wolsey and his predecessors, Cromwell was never lord chancellor; he can be regarded as the first chief minister of a new type, a layman basing his influence on the office of principal secretary.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-thomas-cromwell (842 words)

	GIVE A FULL ACCOUNT OF THE WORK OF THOMAS CROMWELL
		Cromwell’s injunction of 1536 commanded that: the young should be taught the articles of faith and the decalogue in English; clerics should avoid superstitious devotions, card-playing and alehouses; rich clergy should give generously to higher education and to the poor; and children should be taught a trade to avoid begging.
		Cromwell’s championing of the English Bible seems to come from a genuine conviction that the Scriptures should be available to all in the vernacular.
		This is evidenced in Cromwell’s lifetime but became even more significant in the reigns of Edward VI and Elizabeth I. Cromwell’s injunctions of 1536 and 1538 were clearly reforming and seem to echo Erasmus (whom he greatly admired) in their concern for lay participation and education.
	www.passionforgrace.org.uk /Reformation3.html (1496 words)

	Thomas Cromwell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Following the crisis over Henry's divorce Catherine of Aragon Cromwell came to prominence at Wolsey's By 1533 he had risen to the position Chancellor of the Exchequer.
		The marriage to Anne of Cleves a political alliance which Cromwell had on Henry was a disaster and this the real motive for Cromwell to be with treason.
		The Cardinal and the Secretary: Thomas Wolsey and Thomas Cromwell
	www.freeglossary.com /Thomas_cromwell (459 words)

	BBC - History - Thomas Cromwell (1489 - 1540)
		Cromwell spent much of his early work life in Europe as a soldier, accountant and merchant, but returned to England around 1512 where he entered the wool trade and soon after became a lawyer.
		Cromwell strongly believed in the theory of a sovereign nation state, and his policies reflected such.
		Cromwell's own religious views may not have been strong, but his belief in the sovereignty of the king led him to enact these acts of suppression.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/historic_figures/cromwell_thomas.shtml (403 words)

	thomas cromwell
		Thomas Cromwell rose from humble beginnings as a Putney flsmith’s son to become the second most powerful man in England.
		Cromwell found the way out – drafting the 1533 Restraint of Appeals Act, banning Catherine of Aragon from appealing for the assistance of the Pope.
		Thomas seemed to survive even this, and was made 1st Earl of Essex in the same year.
	www.eastlondonhistory.com /cromwell.htm (822 words)

	CROMWELL
		She married secondly about a year after her first husband's death, Robert Cromwell of Huntingdon, Esq., by whom she was the mother of the Protector, and who was buried at All Saints, Huntingdon, 24 Jun 1617.
		Cromwell was Member of Parliament for Huntingdon, as was Sir Robert Payne during the same period and for Cambridge in the Long Parliament of 1640.
		During the Civil War Cromwell spent most of his time in the field but he managed to be present at Paliament and where he violently criticized the Bishops and and the Generals, including his own commanding officer, Edward Montagu, Earl of Manchester.
	www.tudorplace.com.ar /CROMWELL.htm (905 words)

	Thomas Cromwell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Cromwell was born in about 1485 in Putney, theson of Walter Cromwell (c.
		Cromwell had supported Henry in disposing of Anne Boleyn and replacing herwith Jane Seymour.
		The marriage to Anne ofCleves, a political alliance which Cromwell had urged on Henry, was a disaster, and this was the real motive for Cromwell tobe charged with treason.
	www.therfcc.org /thomas-cromwell-90490.html (251 words)

	Cromwell, Thomas, earl of Essex. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Much of Cromwell’s unpopularity with the people, demonstrated by the Pilgrimage of Grace, derived from the ruthlessness of his agents in carrying out that project.
		He issued injunctions to the clergy, regulating their conduct and duties, assailed the worship of images and relics, and initiated a much-needed system of parish registers.
		Cromwell was condemned by act of attainder and beheaded.
	www.bartleby.com /65/cr/CromwellT.html (301 words)

	Thomas CROMWELL (1º E. Essex)
		Cromwell was the man responsible for the Henrician reformation while Wolsey fell because he served two masters - Henry and the Pope.
		Cromwell recognized Henry's dissatisfaction with the marriage - after several years, Anne's sharp tongue had offended many (including her husband) and, worse still, she had not produced a male heir.
		Cromwell wrote two desperate letters from the Tower (the one that survives is in tatters) - he assured his monarch that he was a good, loyal servant and a faithful Christian.
	www.tudorplace.com.ar /Bios/ThomasCromwell(1EEssex).htm (4696 words)

	Sullivan & Cromwell's Robert Thomas Joins Firm's Beijing Office as Chief Representative
		Most recently based in Sullivan & Cromwell's New York office, Thomas was head of Sullivan & Cromwell's London office from 1979 to 1982 and managing partner of the firm's general practice group, including corporate, capital markets, M&A, real estate and financial institutions, from 1985 to 1991.
		Thomas is the firm's fifth partner in the China region, where the firm has had a presence since 1992.
		About Sullivan & Cromwell Sullivan & Cromwell LLP is a global law firm that advises on major domestic and cross-border M&A, finance and corporate transactions, significant litigation and corporate investigations, and complex regulatory, tax and estate planning matters.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/03-16-2005/0003201240&EDATE= (469 words)

	NPG 1727; Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex
		Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex (circa 1485-1540), Statesman.
		Thomas Cromwell was a statesman who rose to power as the right-hand man of Cardinal Wolsey.
		In this copy after an original by Holbein, Cromwell is dressed soberly in fl and portrayed in a relatively simple setting; the wooden panelling, damask wall covering and Turkish carpet suggest however an interest in fine things.
	www.npg.org.uk /live/search/portrait.asp?mkey=mw02128 (179 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Thomas Macauley: On Oliver Cromwell
		Cromwell made haste to organize the whole army on the same principles on which he had organized his own regiment.
		But such was the intelligence, the gravity, and the self-command of the warriors whom Cromwell had trained, that in their camp a political organization and a religious organization could exist without destroying military organization.
		It is acknowledged by the most zealous royalists that, in that singular camp, no oath was heard, no drunkenness or gambling was seen, and that, during the long dominion of the soldiery, the property of the peaceable citizen and the honor of woman were held sacred.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/macauley-cromwell.html (1945 words)

	AllRefer.com - Cromwell, Thomas, earl of Essex (British And Irish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Cromwell, Thomas, earl of Essex, British And Irish History, Biographies
		Cromwell, Thomas, earl of Essex 1485?–1540, English statesman.
		While a young man he lived abroad as a soldier, accountant, and merchant, and on his return (c.1512) to England he engaged in the wool trade and eventually became a lawyer.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/CromwellT.html (390 words)

	Thomas Cromwell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Thomas Cromwell, the son of a flsmith, was born in Putney, London, in 1485.
		However, Cromwell's position was undermined by the king's disastrous marriage to Anne of Cleves.
		Thomas Cromwell was sent to the Tower of London and was executed on 28th July, 1540.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /TUDcromwell.htm (389 words)

	Thomas Cromwell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gun nut Thomas Hamilton squashed rabbitsâ heads under the wheels of a car...
		Cromwell Street killer Fred West who murdered at least 12 victims before burying...
		Stahl headlined a robust cast featuring Guy Roberts as a deliciously malign Thomas Cromwell, bordering on cartoonish villainy (and, indeed, in accoutrements...
	www.wikiverse.org /thomas-cromwell (395 words)

	NPG 6310; Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex
		Thomas Cromwell, the right-hand man of Cardinal Wolsey and then of Henry VIII, was notoriously ruthless in carrying out the king's policies.
		An admirer of Machiavelli, it was he who suggested to the king that he make himself head of the Church of England in order to facilitate his divorce from Catherine of Aragon.
		This miniature of Cromwell is thought to be Holbein's first, and to have been painted during his second visit to England in 1532.
	www.npg.org.uk /live/search/portrait.asp?mkey=mw09422 (157 words)

	Oliver Cromwell -- An Outline for Term Papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It was not Cromwell that discovered Australia, but the Dutch, as a result of the Anglo-Dutch rivalry over dominance of the high seas that existed at the time.
		Thousands of defenceless men, women and children are alleged to have lost their lives as a result of the 'scorched earth' policy of Oliver Cromwell, who has long been the most reviled figure in Irish history, regarded as a genocidal maniac and religious fanatic.
		With an impressive mastery of detail, he marshals the facts, and concludes that Cromwell was the first military conqueror of Ireland, and that his emphatic success was a foregone conclusion, so inadequate were the royalist forces in Ireland.
	www.cromwell-intl.com /oliver (5671 words)

	Thomas Cromwell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Thomas Cromwell was a key political advisor to Henry VIII.
		Cromwell suggested to Henry VIII that the king make himself head of the English Church, and saw the Act of Supremacy of 1534 through Parliament.
		Like so many of the King's former advisors, Cromwell was charged with treason and executed at the Tower of London.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/masterpiece/henryviii/whoswho/cromwell.html (101 words)

	Maryland ArtSource - Artists - Thomas Cromwell Corner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Thomas Cromwell Corner traveled to Europe where he achieved some renown: his self portrait, today owned by the Baltimore Museum of Art, was exhibited in the prestigious Paris Salon of 1891.
		Thomas Cromwell Corner was a painter and contributor to the cultural institutions in Baltimore that supported the arts throughout his life.
		He was an active member of The Charcoal Club, an artists' association, and he served as trustee of The Baltimore Museum of Art from its founding in 1914 until his death in 1938.
	www.marylandartsource.org /artists/detail_000000052.html (410 words)

	Thomas Cromwell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Cromwell nació en cerca de 1485 en Putney, el hijo de Walter Cromwell (c.
		Cromwell había soportado Henrio en disponer de Anne Boleyn y substituirla por Jane Seymour.
		El matrimonio a Anne de Cleves, una alianza política que Cromwell había impulsado en Henrio, era un desastre, y éste era el motivo verdadero para que Cromwell sea cargado con el treason.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/th/Thomas%20Cromwell.htm (398 words)

	SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Thomas Cromwell
		On this date:In 1540, King Henry VIIIs chief minister, Thomas Cromwell, was executed, the same day Henry married his fifth wife, Catherine Howard.
		The dialogue suggests the king s advisor Thomas Cromwell, who was largely responsible for implicating More, is all bad and the latter is a saint.
		When they owned this 16th-century folly in north London, both Thomas Cromwell and the Duke of Northumberland were executed.
	news.surfwax.com /history/files/Thomas_Cromwell.html (286 words)

	Thomas Cromwell – How did it all go so horribly wrong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Thomas Cromwell – How did it all go so horribly wrong
		Thomas Cromwell was one of the most powerful Ministers of his age.
		Use the statements on the enclosed sheet, working in a team, to produce an explanation of why Cromwell met with such disaster – did he deserve to be executed?
	www.lordbillshistory.homestead.com /files/Cromwell_Task_Sheet.htm (245 words)

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