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Topic: Thomas S Kuhn

	Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Kuhn himself repudiated such ideas and his work makes it clear that the factors determining the outcome of a scientific dispute, particularly in modern science, are almost always to be found within science, specifically in connexion with the puzzle-solving power of the competing ideas.
		Kuhn's challenge to it lay not in rejecting the anti-realism implicit in the view that theories do not refer to the world but rather in undermining the assumption that the relationship of observation sentence to the world is unproblematic.
		Kuhn supposes that individual differences are normally distributed and that a judgment corresponding to the mean of the distribution will also correspond to the judgment that would, hypothetically, be demanded by the rules of scientific method, as traditionally conceived (1977c, 333).
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/thomas-kuhn (10587 words)

	Thomas Kuhn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Thomas Kuhn, probably the world’s most influential theorist of science in the second half of the twentieth century, was born on 18 July 1922 in Cincinnati, Ohio.
		Kuhn belonged to the last generation of people trained in physics who still conceived of it as natural philosophy by more exact means, only to receive a rude awakening once World War II turned into the “The Physicists’ War.” Like many of his generation, Kuhn applied his physics in wartime service.
		From Kuhn’s correspondence with Conant in the immediate postwar period, it is clear that Conant represented the more sensitive of the institutional and larger social dimensions of science, whereas Kuhn persuaded Conant of the philosophical value of disciplines like astronomy and mechanics, the significance of which as a chemist Conant was otherwise inclined to underestimate.
	www.thoemmes.com /encyclopedia/kuhn.htm (3661 words)

	Learn more about Thomas Samuel Kuhn in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Kuhn obtained his Ph.D in physics from Harvard University in 1949, and taught a course in the history of science at Harvard from 1948 to 1956.
		Kuhn is very often interpreted by post modern and post structuralist thinkers as having undermined the enterprise of science by showing that scientific knowledge is dependent on the culture of groups of scientists rather than on adherence to a specific, definable method.
		Kuhn’s work has also been interpreted as blurring the demarcation between scientific and non-scientific enterprises because it describes scientific progress without reference to an idealised scientific method that can be used to distinguish science from non-science.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /t/th/thomas_samuel_kuhn.html (1152 words)

	Thomas Samuel Kuhn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thomas Samuel Kuhn (July 18, 1922 – June 17, 1996) was an American intellectual who wrote extensively on the history of science and developed several important notions in the philosophy of science.
		Descendant of a Jewish family, Kuhn was born in Cincinnati, Ohio to Samuel L. Kuhn, an industrial engineer, and Minette Stroock Kuhn.
		Kuhn was named a Guggenheim Fellow in 1954, and in 1982 was awarded the George Sarton Medal in the History of Science.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thomas_Kuhn (372 words)

	Kuhn, Thomas S.
		Kuhn acknowledges that he had used it in two distinct senses: first, to stand for "the entire constellation of beliefs, values, techniques, and so on shared by the members of a given community," and second, "for one sort of element in that constellation, the concrete puzzle-solutions which.
		Kuhn's importance to literary studies in the last quarter of the twentieth century is that his prestige and that of his followers can be used to legitimate the historical study of literature against the structuralist insistence on synchronic study as the only legitimate and "scientific" mode.
		Kuhn himself has not branched out into literary or cultural history except in the 1969 essay "Comment on the Relations of Science and Art" (in The Essential Tension), in which he suggests that his approach to the problem of theoretical change in science might be applicable to the problem of style in the arts.
	www.press.jhu.edu /books/hopkins_guide_to_literary_theory/thomas_s._kuhn.html (1321 words)

	Thomas Kuhn
		Kuhn argued that a scientific revolution is a noncumulative developmental episode in which an older paradigm is replaced in whole or in part by an incompatible new one.
		Kuhn suggested that questions about whether a discipline is or is not a science can be answered only when members of a scholarly community who doubt their status achieve consensus about their past and present accomplishments.
		Thomas Kuhn was named a Guggenheim Fellow in 1954 and was awarded the George Sarton Medal in the History of Science in 1982.
	des.emory.edu /mfp/Kuhnsnap.html (1297 words)

	The Tech - Thomas S. Kuhn
		Kuhn was the author of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), a seminal work on the nature of scientific change and was widely celebrated as a central figure in contemporary thought about how the scientific process evolves.
		Kuhn, the article says, "was working toward his doctorate in physics at Harvard University when he was asked to teach some science to undergraduate humanities majors.
		Kuhn is survived by his wife, Jehane R. Kuhn; two daughters, Sarah Kuhn of Framingham, Mass., and Elizabeth Kuhn of Los Angles: a son, Nathaniel S. Kuhn of Arlington, Mass.; a brother, Roger S. Kuhn of Bethesda, Md.; and four grandchildren, Emma Kuhn LaChance, Samuel Kuhn LaChance, Gabrielle Gui-Ying Kuhn, and Benjamin Simon Kuhn.
	www-tech.mit.edu /V116/N28/kuhn.28n.html (620 words)

	Thomas Kuhn
		Kuhn argued that a scientific revolution is a noncumulative developmental episode in which an older paradigm is replaced in whole or in part by an incompatible new one.
		Kuhn argued that this is not a process of evolution toward anything, and he questioned whether it really helps to imagine that there is one, full, objective, true account of nature.
		Thomas Kuhn was named a Guggenheim Fellow in 1954 and was awarded the George Sarton Medal in the History of Science in 1982.
	www.des.emory.edu /mfp/Kuhnsnap.html (1297 words)

	Thomas Kuhn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Kuhn challenges traditional historical accounts of the evolution of science as well as the basic assumptions on which science is founded.
		Kuhn claims that the ultimate resolution of the conflict between competing paradigms is not wholly result of reasoning and comparative analysis; it is affected by external factors as well.
		Kuhn agrees that science evolves, but he rejects the idea that the evolution of science is goal-directed.
	www.scicom.lth.se /fmet/kuhn.html (455 words)

	Thomas Kuhn, 1922-1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Thomas Kuhn, 73; Devised Science Paradigm [Obituary] By Lawrence Van Gelder Thomas S. Kuhn, whose theory of sclentific revolution became a profoundly influential landmark of 20th-century intellectual history, died on Monday at his home in Cambridge, Mass.
		Kuhn, a professor of philosophy and history of science at M.I.T. from 1979 to 1983 and the Laurence S. Rockefeller Professor of Philosophy there from 1983 until 1991, was the author or co-author of five books and scores of articles on the philosophy and history of science.
		Thomas Samuel Kuhn, the son of Samuel L. Kuhn, an industrial engineer, and the former Annette Stroock, was born on July 18, 1922, in Cincinnati.
	www.sal.wisc.edu /~sobolpg/kuhn.htm (953 words)

	FT March 2000: Thomas S. Kuhn: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Kuhn’s studies revealed that at the time these revolutionary theories were proposed, there was no rational way to determine which theory was correct.
		Moreover, Kuhn argued (and this forever endeared him to postmodernists), a scientist’s indoctrination into the reigning paradigm was usually so complete that it affected his observations and experiments.
		Kuhn, by pulling back the curtain on real scientific practice, showed scientific reasoning to be just a species of dialectic, perhaps more disciplined than others, but not in principle different or indubitable.
	www.firstthings.com /ftissues/ft0003/articles/kuhn.html (1023 words)

	Thomas Kuhn's irrationalism by James Franklin
		s with many caricatures, one finds that the original consists of the caricature with the addition of a number of qualifications; the qualifications render the original inconsistent, and the author’s subsequent denials that he had said anything so radical increase further the number of inconsistencies.
		Political scientists, sociologists, and anthropologists recognized Kuhn’s picture of disciplines putting the accumulation of evidence to the background while bringing to the fore fights about theory; they were delighted to hear that what had previously been thought an embarrassment was the way it was done in the most respectable sciences.
		Kuhn’s rhetoric incorporated a few further successful ploys, in that “paradigm” was undoubtedly a cute technical term, as technical terms go, and the phrase “normal science” had just the right hint of superciliousness towards the worker bees who are credulously doing the hard work of science.
	www.newcriterion.com /archive/18/jun00/kuhn.htm (3082 words)

	The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas S. Kuhn, An Evolution of Consciousness Review by Robert Joseph ...
		Kuhn co-opted the obscure word paradigm, which formerly meant only a model, such as amo, amos, amat is a model for conjugating the verb to love in Latin, and applied it to the field of science.
		This, Kuhn tells us, is what historians of science are beginning to do, and what led him to his interest in paradigms as a way of understanding the evolution of consciousness that accompanies a scientific breakthrough.
		Kuhn tells us that the two fission products were Krypton, a noble gas, and Barium, which was added to test for elements at the upper end of the periodic chart.
	www.doyletics.com /art/tsosrart.htm (3974 words)

	Thomas Kuhn
		Kuhn's view that ‘mass’ as used by Newton cannot be translated by ‘mass’ as used by Einstein renders impossible (in Kuhn's view) this kind of comparison.
		As we have seen, Kuhn thinks that we cannot properly say that Einstein's theory is an improvement on Newton's in so far as we can regard the latter as reasonably accurately dealing (only) with a special case of the former.
		Kuhn's influence outwith professional philosophy of science may have been even greater than it was within it.
	www.science.uva.nl /~seop/archives/win2004/entries/thomas-kuhn (10617 words)

	The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas S. Kuhn \| LibraryThing
		The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas S. Kuhn
		The Copernican Revolution; Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought by Thomas S. Kuhn
		The Essential Tension : Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change by Thomas S. Kuhn
	www.librarything.com /work/1669269 (215 words)

	Thomas Kuhn: Biography
		Kuhn also maintained that, contrary to popular conception, typical scientists are not objective and independent thinkers.
		Kuhn suggested that questions about whether a discipline is or is not a science can be answered only when members of a scholarly community who doubt their status achieve consensus about their past and present accomplishments.
		Thomas Kuhn died on Monday, June 17, 1996, at the age of 73 at his home in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
	www.anova.org /bio/kuhn.html (1094 words)

	Thomas Samuel Kuhn -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Thomas Samuel Kuhn (July 18, 1922 – June 17, 1996) was an American intellectual who wrote extensively on the (Click link for more info and facts about history of science) history of science and developed several important notions in the (Click link for more info and facts about philosophy of science) philosophy of science.
		Kuhn was born in (Click link for more info and facts about Cincinnati, Ohio) Cincinnati, Ohio to Samuel L. Kuhn, an industrial engineer, and Minette Stroock Kuhn.
		Kuhn was named a Guggenheim Fellow in 1954, and in 1982 was awarded the (Click link for more info and facts about George Sarton) George Sarton Medal in the (Click link for more info and facts about History of Science) History of Science.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/th/thomas_samuel_kuhn.htm (446 words)

	Thomas S. Kuhn, the Culture War and the Idea of Secession
		Kuhn never took the view either that one paradigm is as good as another (the ultimate consequence of relativism), or that change is arbitrary, or that a paradigm is not adopted for good reasons.
		One of Kuhn’s lessons is that efforts to change the dominant paradigm at the fundamental level (as opposed to making this or that minor reform) are invariably ignored, at least at first.
		One of Kuhn’s themes is that dominant paradigms get into increasing trouble when they cannot handle anomalies – patterns of well-verified facts or events that throw cold water on their basic assumptions.
	www.lewrockwell.com /yates/yates21.html (4200 words)

	Thomas Samuel Kuhn - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Thomas Samuel Kuhn (July 18 1922-June 17 1996) wrote extensively on the history of science and developed several important notions in the philosophy of science.
		He obtained his bachelor's degree in physics from Harvard University in 1943, his master's in 1946 and Ph.D. in 1949, and taught a course in the history of science there from 1948 until 1956.
		In a 'pre-paradigmatic phase', the development of the scientific disciplines was ruled by schools without a common terminology or ways of judging between different explanations of observed facts.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Thomas_Kuhn (336 words)

	The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
		Thomas S. Kuhn's classic book is now available with a new index.
		Kuhn does not permit truth to be a criterion of scientific theories, he would presumably not claim his own theory to be true.
		Thomas S. Kuhn was the Laurence Rockefeller Professor Emeritus of linguistics and philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
	www.2think.org /kuhn.shtml (1192 words)

	PROFILE: RELUCTANT REVOLUTIONARY
		Kuhn calls this "mopping up." But there are always anomalies, phenomena that the paradigm cannot account for or that directly contradict it.
		Kuhn concedes that he is partly to blame for some of the anti-science interpretations of his book.
		Kuhn thinks the book, his fifth and most recent, is "in some ways my finest work." Yet some physicists accused him of unfairly bolstering Einstein's already unparalleled reputation at Planck's expense.
	www-cse.ucsd.edu /users/goguen/courses/268D/horgan.html (1952 words)

	Obituary: Thomas Kuhn
		Thomas S. Kuhn, whose theory of sclentific revolution became a profoundly influential landmark of 20th-century intellectual history, died on Monday at his home in Cambridge, Mass.
		Dr. Kuhn, a professor of philosophy and history of science at M.I.T. from 1979 to 1983 and the Laurence S. Rockefeller Professor of Philosophy there from 1983 until 1991, was the author or co-author of five books and scores of articles on the philosophy and history of science.
		Professor Kuhn traced the origin of his thesis to a moment in 1947 when he was working toward a doctorate in physics at Harvard.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /~rhetor/obits/obitkuhn.html (929 words)

	Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions - outline
		Kuhn begins by formulating some assumptions that lay the foundation for subsequent discussion and by briefly outlining the key contentions of the book.
		Kuhn observes that his view is not the prevalent view.
		The developmental process described by Kuhn is a process of evolution from primitive beginnings—a process whose successive stages are characterized by an increasingly detailed and refined understanding of nature.
	www.emory.edu /EDUCATION/mfp/Kuhn.html (8208 words)

	Thomas Kuhn
		Thomas Kuhn's Irrationalism, by James Franklin, New Criterion.
		Thomas S. Kuhn, the Culture War and the Idea of Secession, by Steven Yates.
		Kuhn's notion of the paradigm shift to social and cultural revolutions.
	webpages.shepherd.edu /maustin/kuhn/kuhn.htm (453 words)

	Thomas Kuhn
		Kuhn envisioned a science as having, at any one time, a world view, or 'paradigm', of its environment.
		Kuhn felt that most scientists participate in 'normal science' which is any activity consistent with the existing paradigm, with relatively small gains the rule.
		I find Kuhn's image of a paradigm to be very useful in my understanding of myself, and of the changes that take place in all of life, scientific, social, religious, everything.
	www.ee.scu.edu /eefac/healy/kuhn.html (812 words)

	Thomas Kuhn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Main Idea: Kuhn introduced the idea of a "Paradigm" which allows only certain kinds of questions to be asked about a science while excluding others, until contradictions build-up to a point where a sudden change of Paradigm takes place, and the whole science is rapidly reconstructed under the "new paradigm".
		Thomas Kuhn gave us a provocative book in his Nature of Scientific Revolutions, in which he described science, under the stimulus of new discoveries, as making a radical change in its philosophy or basic assumptions.
		The distinction that Kuhn draws is a useful one, and it helps provide the needed sociological study of the scientific community that was sorely needed.
	www.candleinthedark.com /kuhn.html (930 words)

	AllRefer.com - Thomas Samuel Kuhn (Historians, U.S., Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Thomas Samuel Kuhn 1922–96, American philosopher and historian of science, b.
		Kuhn held the abandoned paradigm and the embraced one to be "incommensurable" with one another such that the fundamental concepts of one cannot be rendered by the terms of the other.
		Kuhn's other works include The Copernican Revolution (1957) and The Essential Tension (1977).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/K/Kuhn-Tho.html (317 words)

	Read about Thomas Samuel Kuhn at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Thomas Samuel Kuhn and learn about Thomas Samuel ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Cincinnati, Ohio to Samuel L. Kuhn, an industrial engineer, and Minette Stroock Kuhn.
		Thomas Kuhn, 73; Devised Science Paradigm (http://www.sal.wisc.edu/~sobolpg/kuhn.htm) (obituary by Lawrence Van Gelder, New York Times, 19 June 1996)
		Thomas S. Kuhn (http://www-tech.mit.edu/V116/N28/kuhn.28n.html) (obituary, The Tech p9 vol 116 no 28, 26 June 1996)
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Thomas_Kuhn (426 words)

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