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Topic: Thomas Southwood Smith

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William Farr

Edwin Chadwick

1834

	Thomas Southwood Smith - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thomas Southwood Smith (December 21, 1788 - December 10, 1861), English physician and sanitary reformer, was born at Martock, Somersetshire.
		Southwood Smith was a dedicated utilitarian, and a close friend of Jeremy Bentham.
		In a speech before the dissection, Southwood Smith argued that "If, by any appropriation of the dead, I can promote the happiness of the living, then it is my duty to conquer the reluctance I may feel to such a disposition of the dead, however well-founded or strong that reluctance may be".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thomas_Southwood_Smith (440 words)

	Thomas Smith - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thomas Francis Smith (1865–1923), lawyer and congressman from New York
		Thomas Smith (jurist) (1745–1809), delegate to the Continental Congress and judge from Pennsylvania
		Thomas Smith (admiral) (died 1762), Royal Navy admiral, governor of Newfoundland and Labrador
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thomas_Smith (192 words)

	SMITH Coat of Arms, Family Crest
		Although SMITH appears to be an occupational name for a flsmith, it has been suggested that when surnames came into use in Scotland, several different families simply 'took on' the name whether they had been flsmiths or not.
		Thus, SMITH is a classic example of a polygenetic surname that was developed in a number of different locations and adopted by various families independently.
		Some of the first settlers of this name or some of its variants were: Rich Smith, who settled in Virginia in 1638; Abbigall Smith, who was granted land in Virginia in 1673; James Smith and his wife Mary, who immigrated to Boston in 1718 with their children, Abel Smith, who came to Boston in 1763.
	www.houseofnames.com /coatofarms_details.asp?sId=&s=SMITH (1250 words)

	History in Focus: Medical History
		In 1824, Thomas Southwood Smith (1788-1861) and Alexander Tweedie (1794-1884) were appointed physicians to the Hospital.
		Southwood Smith was also becoming increasingly critical of the traditional doctrine of the contagiousness of fevers.
		Smith was also a Unitarian, and personal physician to Jeremy Bentham, and he absorbed both Bentham's utilitarian philosophy and his reforming zeal.
	www.history.ac.uk /ihr/Focus/Medical/epihardy.html (2439 words)

	George Combe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		He began to read the Edinburgh Review, Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus and other works of literature; he wrote essays and began keeping a diary.
		Many who knew Combe found that once he had formed an opinion, it was difficult to shift him from this position, and that he had little time for the opinions of others.
		Following Bishop Joseph Butler, Thomas Southwood Smith and others, Combe went to great lengths to establish that Nature was arranged benevolently.
	www.thoemmes.com /404.asp?404;http://www.thoemmes.com/encyclopedia/combe.htm (1910 words)

	David Ketterer- "Furnished...Materials": The Surgical Anatomy Context of Frankenstein
		Joanna M. Smith, 54; this is the edition of the 1831 text that Marshall uses and that I shall continue to cite).
		In 1824, Thomas Southwood Smith published an article recommending "that all unclaimed bodies from hospitals and workhouses should automatically be handed over for dissection" (xiii).
		Smith's article was reprinted as a pamphlet entitled The Use of the Dead to the Living in 1828, and in 1832, with the passage of the Anatomy Act (a first version of which failed in 1829) Southwood Smith's recommendation became a legal requirement.
	www.depauw.edu /sfs/review_essays/ketter71.htm (1914 words)

	UNITARIANISM - LoveToKnow Article on UNITARIANISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		His disciple Thomas FirInin (1632-1697), mercer and philanthropist, and friend of Tillotson, was weaned to Sabellian views by Stephen Nye (1648-1719), a clergyman.
		The first official acceptance of the Unitarian faith on the part of a congregation was by Kings Chapel in Boston, which settled James Freeman (1759-1853) ill 1782, and revised the Prayer Book into a mild Unitarian liturgy, in 1785.
		Unitarian congregations were organized at Portland and Saco in 1792 by Thomas Oxnard; in I8oo the First Church in Plymouth accepted the more liberal faith.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /U/UN/UNITARIANISM.htm (4944 words)

	Jeremy Bentham Returns Home
		His medical disciple, Thomas Southwood Smith, was to dissect his body while lecturing on its parts, and an auto-icon was to be created afterward.
		Southwood Smith was about to retire, and an enthusiastic Lord Brougham persuaded UCL to accept it.
		In June 1832, Southwood Smith gave his lecture while dissecting his mentor's body - pale-faced but steady-handed - before Bentham's assembled friends at the Webb Street School of Anatomy.
	www.utilitarianism.net /jeremy-bentham/jb.html (1287 words)

	SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845) - Online Information article about SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
		With the brilliant reputation that Sydney Smith had acquired in the course of a few seasons in London, he would probably have obtained some good preferment had he been on the powerful See also:
		felt now that Sydney Smith's reputation as a humorist and wit should have caused any hesitation about elevating him to an episcopal dignity, and perhaps he was right in thinking that the real obstacle See also:
		CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SIV_SOU/SMITH_SYDNEY_1771_1845_.html (2999 words)

	[No title]
		Smith has put in execution, or the cleanness and neatness with which the interiors of those nice cottages are kept by the workers, are most to be admired.
		There are bits of garden ground attached to each of the houses, and a drain has been constructed for carrying off every sort of filth.
		We trust that in consideration of the extremely short period to which we have been limited in the performance of the task assigned to us, allowances will be made for the unavoidable imperfection of the Report which we now respectfully submit.
	www.umassd.edu /ir/Resources/WorkingConditions/w19.doc (4811 words)

	Octavia Hill Birthplace Museum- Fenland Room Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		On Bentham’s instructions Dr. Southwood Smith dissected it, wired up the skeleton and clothed it in Bentham's everyday clothes as a permanent memorial to him.
		A copy of a portrait of Southwood Smith by an unknown artist can be seen in the window alcove.
		Southwood Smith reacted against the utilitarian laissez-faire philosophy of Bentham, which became a core tenet of Victorian political economy.
	www.octaviahillmuseum.org /Fenland.htm (471 words)

	Manor Court of Brightwaltham
		They say that John Atgreen, John of Southwood, Thomas Smith and Richard Young are the best and most competent men of the whole vill for the purpose of filling and executing the office of reeve.
		Afterwards the said Thomas made fine that he might be absolved from the office of reeve and gives the lord 40 s.
		And for that Geoffrey the tithingman presents that there was no violence but that [Thomas and Alice] were in play, and this is not likely since the hue was raised, let the said tithingman be in mercy, and let Thomas Miller be in mercy for the trespass; pledges, Richard his father and Richard Young.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/seth/court-brightwaltham.html (2143 words)

	Attitudes
		Thomas Southwood Smith - founded the Health of Towns Association in 1839, published reports on quarantine, cholera, yellow fever, and the benefits of sanitary improvements.
		Indeed, Thomas Southwood Smith, Edwin Chadwick and Neil Arnott – three important figures in 19th century public health – argued that the high mortality rates in cities was "not due to want of food and greater misery…but in the generation of effluvial poisons".
		Graveyards were seen to be a major source of such poisons, as the dead were very often buried just a few feet from the surface, stacked on top of each other in order to fit as many bodies as possible into a small area.
	www.portfolio.mvm.ed.ac.uk /studentwebs/session3/43/attitude.htm (1062 words)

	The Role of the Fourth Commandment in the Historical Sabbath-keeping Churches of God (No. 170)
		The appointment of Thomas Belsham (1750-1829) in 1789 to a theological tutorship to a college in Hackney advanced the Unitarian cause by simply opening the Scriptures to study.
		In 1813 the repeal, through the efforts of William Smith (1756-1835) MP for Norwich and grandfather of Florence Nightingale, of the clauses of the Toleration Act which made the profession of Unitarianism illegal saw Unitarianism advance.
		Thomas Southwood Smith (1788-1861) also impressed his Unitarian ideals on Byron, Moore, Wordsworth and Crabbe.
	www.ccg.org /English/s/p170.html (12816 words)

	Spaces of the Dead in Modernity \|\| <cultural matters> \|\| Cultural Studies at George Mason University
		It would, however, be nonsensical to speak of exporting Stoke Poges, the parish churchyard that Thomas Gray supposedly imagined as the site of his most famous elegy and the most reprinted poem of the late eighteenth century; similarly, the Cemetery of the Innocents in Paris has meaning only in Paris.
		Their essence lay in being where they were, and had been, since far enough back to become a hallowed and meaningful part of a landscape.
		Thomas Laqueur is Professor of History at the University of California Berkeley.
	culturalstudies.gmu.edu /cultural_matters/issue1/laqueur.html (5215 words)

	The Evolution of Preventive Medicine in the United States Army 1607-1939: Three Wars- The Sanitary Reform Movement ...
		Bearing on the issuance of this General Order in 1812 and the law passed by Congress in 1813, it is undoubtedly of significance that the two successive Secretaries of War during the period from 1801 to 1817 were well-educated physicians, distinguished Army officers, and statesmen.
		One of the first of Dr. Thomas Lawson's major undertakings after he succeeded Dr. Joseph Lovell as Surgeon General of the Army, in 1836, was to supervise the assembling, collation, and condensation of these data.
		On 30 May 1848, Dr. Thomas Lawson was given the rank of brevet brigadier general in recognition of his meritorious service in the Mexican War.
	history.amedd.army.mil /booksdocs/misc/evprev/ch5.htm (4377 words)

	medicine, 19th-century - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about medicine, 19th-century
		Four great cholera epidemics occurred in Britain between 1830 and 1866, and after each one the level of government action increased until the compulsory and universal Public Health Act of 1875.
		Reformers such as Thomas Southwood-Smith, Edwin Chadwick, Charles Booth, and Seebohm Rowntree wrote reports on the living conditions of Britain's poor, calling for government action.
		In 1854 John Snow linked cholera with dirty water, and the subsequent work on germ theory by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch demonstrated that the filth and overcrowding of industrial cities was a breeding ground for disease.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /medicine,+19th-century (3249 words)

	1850-1899
		Most of the attack was aimed at Edwin Chadwick, who with Southwood Smith and the Earl of Shaftesbury left the Board.
		Smith (see 1866) published as a semiofficial handbook, but without the consent of his superior officers..
		Thomas M Legge (later Sir, 1863-1932), appointed as the first medical inspector of factories.
	www.chronology.ndo.co.uk /1850-1899.htm (13109 words)

	UNITARIANISM - LoveToKnow Article on UNITARIANISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Leaders in the advocacy of a purely humanitarian christology came largely from the Independents, e.g.
		Ebenezer Gay (I69and-1787) of Hingham, Samuel West (173oI807) of New Bedford, Thomas Barnard (174818 14) of Newbury, John Prince (1751-1836) and William Bentley (1758-1819) of Salem, Aaron Bancroft (1755-1836) of Worcester, and several others, were Unitarians.
		The Rev, William Hazlitt (father of the essayist and critic), visiting the United States in 1783I 785, published the fact that there were Unitarians in Philadelphia, Boston, Charleston, Pittsburg, Hallowell, on Cape Cod and elsewhere.
	www.75.1911encyclopedia.org /U/UN/UNITARIANISM.htm (4944 words)

	Historical Background of Universalism Doctrine and Growth
		Southwood Smith, who published, in 1816, Illustrations of the Divine Government, a book that has passed through several editions.
		Thomas Erskine, recently deceased, was also an able writer on Universalism.
		Smith, On Divine Government; Balfour, Inquiries into the Scriptural Import of the Words Sheol, Hades, Tartarus, and Gehenna, and the Words Satan and Devil; Discussion between Ezra Stiles Ely, D.D., and Rev. Abel C. Thomas; Debate between Rev. David Holmes and Rev. J.
	www.ovrlnd.com /Universalism/Universalism_Cyclopedia.html (7558 words)

	Money and Power: These Mean War
		(Thomas Paine’s book Common Sense was influential in causing this decision to be reached.) Finally, in a unanimous vote (with the exception of New York, who abstained), the Continental Congress approved separation.
		Some of the key features were that "Men are born and remain free and equal in rights," "Mankind's natural rights, are Liberty, Property, Security, and Resistance to Oppression" and "Every man is assumed innocent until proven guilty." There were also some freedom of expression clauses and assurances of representative forms of government.
		Jane Eyre is recycled as an imperial novel, and the ambiguous attitudes of Thomas De Quincey towards the East (it brought cholera and the bitter-sweet opium to which he was addicted) are again discussed.
	flatrock.org.nz /topics/history/humans_can_be_so_revolting.htm (3782 words)

	Pre
		1830 -- Thomas Southwood Smith, a British physician, publishes his Treatise on Fever, in which he argued that the poor are impoverished by fever and that fever was preventable.
		A few years later Smith helps reformers in the US by lending support to the Great American Congresses for Hygiene Reform held in Philadelphia, Baltimore and Boston.
		King was a champion of conservation and, after his death in 1864, a giant sequoia was named in his honor.
	www.personal.kent.edu /~embobi/environmentaltimeline.htm (14234 words)

	Libertarian Heritage 15
		Similarly, Joseph Hume, Sir Samuel Romilly and Thomas Southwood Smith, actively promoting reform in the fields of public health, law reform and factory legislation respectively, were all either personal friends of Bentham or his avowed disciples.
		Indeed, Bowring, Southwood Smith and Chadwick were as much influenced by religious conviction, and it would therefore be erroneous to assume that utilitarian reformers drew up their proposals on solely utilitarian grounds.
		Following on from Adam Smith's identification of a natural harmony of interests by means of an `invisible hand', he also believed that his principle of utility could be best secured with minimal government interference.
	www.libertarian.co.uk /lapubs/libhe/libhe015.htm (9138 words)

	Ireland Information Guide , Irish, Counties, Facts, Statistics, Tourism, Culture, How (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		His disciple Thomas Firmin (1632-1697), mercer and philanthropist, and friend of Tillotson, was weaned to Sabellian views by Stephen Nye (1648-1719), a clergyman.
		The first preacher to describe himself as Unitarian was Thomas Emlyn (1663-1741) who gathered a London congregation in 1705.
		The first official acceptance of the Unitarian faith on the part of a congregation was by King's Chapel in Boston, which settled James Freeman (1759-1853) in 1782, and revised the Prayer Book into a mild Unitarian liturgy in 1785.
	www.irelandinformationguide.com /Unitarianism (3888 words)

	Local Ancestors - Introduction
		Octavia Hill was born at Wisbech 3 December 1838, the eighth daughter of James Hill, corn-merchant and banker, who was noted locally for his good work in municipal and educational reform.
		Her mother was Caroline Southwood Smith, daughter of Dr. Thomas Southwood Smith [q.v.], well known as an authority on fever epidemics and sanitation.
		Octavia came under the influence of this grandfather early in life, and from him heard much about the condition of the homes of the poor.
	www.cambridgeshirehistory.com /localancestors/FamousPeople/IsleofEly/OctaviaHill.html (1608 words)

	Biographies of Medical Lunacy Commissioners 1828-1912 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Turners and Athills were closely intermarried and descendants of his brother Charles (born 1877, died 1854) seem to have inherited "Lynch's", the family plantation of Samuel Bryan Athill, where the Athills had their private family burial ground.
		Descendent of a succession of Thomas Brights, gentlemen of Greystones [which is now a suburb of Sheffield] who have been traced back to the 17th century.
		A Thomas Drever from the Orkney Islands graduated MD Edinburgh in 1818 with a thesis on Diarrhoea (Edinburgh Graduates in Medicine 1705-1866, published 1867) [Tentamen medica inauguralis, quaedam de diarrhoea complectens by Thomas Drever.
	www.mdx.ac.uk /www/study/6BIOm.htm (10508 words)

	Smith Coat of Arms, Family Crest
		First found in the northern provinces that were later to make up Prussia, where the name emerged in mediaeval times as one of the notable families of the region.
		Andrew M. and O.S. Smith, Sons of Maine and Nebraska Homesteaders by Claude R. Wiegers, Kinfolk of Henry Smith (1846-1887), Pioneer Heritage: the Smith Family by Marguerite Esther Smith.
		Smith PDF Armorial History With Coat of Arms
	www.houseofnames.com /xq/asp/s.Smith/Origin.GR/sId./qx/coatofarms_details.htm (2051 words)

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