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	Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles - LoveToKnow 1911
		SIR THOMAS STAMFORD RAFFLES (1781-1826), English administrator, the founder of Singapore, was born on the 5th of July 1781, on board a merchantman commanded by his father, Benjamin Raffles, when off Port Morant, Jamaica.
		Raffles perfected his study of Malay during his stay at this place, and learning from the Malays, with whom he mixed freely, that the abandonment of so important a position would be a grave fault, he drew up a report explaining the great importance of Malacca, and urging in the strongest manner its retention.
		During his stay in England Raffles was knighted by the prince regent, published his History of Java (1817) and discussed with Sir Joseph Banks a project for the foundation in London of a zoological museum and garden on the model of the Jardin des Plantes at Paris.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Sir_Thomas_Stamford_Raffles (1053 words)

	Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles
		Thomas Stamford Raffles was born at sea on board a ship Ann on the 6th of July, 1781 off the coast of Jamaica.
		Stamford Raffles was deeply fascinated by the immense diversity of strange animals and plants of the East Indies during his tenure there.
		As Stamford Raffles was well-known in natural history circles, a number of animals and plants have been named in his honour.
	rmbr.nus.edu.sg /history/raffles.htm (595 words)

	Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford - MSN Encarta
		Thomas Stamford Raffles was born on July 6, 1781, at sea off the island of Jamaica, on board the ship commanded by his father, Benjamin Raffles, a captain in the West Indies trade.
		Mostly self-educated, he entered the service of the East India Company at the age of 14 and in 1805 was sent to Pinang (now in Malaysia) as assistant secretary to the governor of the island.
		Raffles is remembered for his humane treatment of peoples subject to the severe and austere rules of the colonial system and for his suppression of the slave trade.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761569477/Raffles_Sir_Thomas_Stamford.html (248 words)

	Stamford Raffles - Wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (July 6, 1781 – July 5, 1826) was the founder of the city of Singapore (now the Republic of Singapore), and is one of the most famous Britons who expanded the British Empire.
		Raffles was appointed the Lieutenant Governor of Java in 1811, and promoted to Governor of Sumatra shortly thereafter, during the period in which Britain took administrative control of the Dutch colonies while the Netherlands were preoccupied with the Napoleonic Wars in Europe.
		Raffles declared the foundation of what was to become modern Singapore on 6 February of that year, securing transfer of control of the island to the East India Company.
	en.wikilib.com /wiki/Stamford_Raffles (713 words)

	Thomas Stamford Raffles
		Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (26 July 1781 - 5 July 1826) was the founder of the city (now country) of Singapore, and is one of the best-known of the many Englishmen who created the largest empire the world has ever seen.
		Raffles was appointed Lieutenant Governor of Java in 1811 and promoted to Governor of Sumatra shortly thereafter, during the period when Britain took administrative control of the Dutch colonies while the Netherlands were preoccupied with the Napoleonic Wars in Europe.
		Raffles declared the foundation of what was to become modern Singapore on 6 February of that year, securing transfer of control of the island to the East India Company.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/t/th/thomas_stamford_raffles.html (391 words)

	Thomas Stamford Raffles
		Appointed Lieutenant Governor of Java in 1811 and promoted to Governor of Sumatra shortly thereafter, during the period when Britain took administrative control of the Dutch colonies while the Netherlands were preoccupied with the Napoleonic Wars in Europe.
		During his Governorship, Raffles introduce partial self-government, stopped the slave trade, restored and researched Borobudur and other ancient monuments, and replaced the Dutch forced agriculture system[?] with a land-tenure system of land management.
		Raffles declared the foundation of what was to become modern Singapore on February 6, 1819, securing transfer of control of the island to the British East India Company.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/th/Thomas_Stamford_Raffles.html (152 words)

	Stamford Raffles at AllExperts
		Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (July 6, 1781 – July 5, 1826) was the founder of the city of Singapore (now the Republic of Singapore), and is one of the most famous Britons who expanded the British Empire.
		Raffles was appointed the Lieutenant Governor of Java in 1811, and promoted to Governor of Sumatra shortly thereafter, during the period in which Britain took administrative control of the Dutch colonies while the Netherlands were preoccupied with the Napoleonic Wars in Europe.
		Raffles was also a founder (in 1825) and first president (elected April 1826) of the Zoological Society of London and the London Zoo.
	en.allexperts.com /e/s/st/stamford_raffles.htm (735 words)

	Thomas Stamford Raffles, Sir Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles (1781-1826) was an English colonial administrator, historian, and founder of Singapore.
		Raffles introduced numerous reforms, among which were the division of Java into 16 residencies, the introduction of a land tax, and improvements in the legal and judicial system; he also attempted to abolish slavery.
		Raffles sent in a report explaining the great importance of Java to Britain, but his failure to make Java financially viable, together with Britain's desire to conciliate the Dutch, militated against a reversal of Lord Castlereagh's decision, and in March 1816 Raffles was removed from office and recalled.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/thomas-stamford-raffles-sir (1016 words)

	Stamford Raffles - Japan
		Raffles' bold claim of Singapore created a curious geographic situation where although Penang was clearly closer distance-wise to Singapore, Raffles, in his capacity as the Governor-General of Bencoolen, was in control.
		Raffles was determined to both destroy the Dutch monopoly in the area and create a gateway to the trade with China and Japan, the latter nation he attempted and failed to reach while governing Java.
		Raffles was a founder (in 1825) and first president (elected April 1826) of the; Zoological Society of London and the; London Zoo.
	stamford-raffles.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/Stamford_Raffles (4582 words)

	Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles
		Raffles was an employee with the British East India Company, who, after a period in Penang, was sent to Malacca and had orders from the East India Company to abandon and dismantle it.
		Raffles was appointed lieutenant governor of Java as a reward, a position the held from 1811 to 1816.
		Farquhar was appointed Governor under Raffles’ supervision and despite protestations by the Dutch, and not a small amount of antipathy towards Raffles in parliament, Singapore remained in British hands.
	ezinearticles.com /?Sir-Thomas-Stamford-Raffles&id=584189 (996 words)

	BBC - Radio 4 Empire - Raffles
		Raffles saw Singapore Island as the choke point and in January 1819 he signed an agreement with the local ruler that the East India Company could establish a trading post - in spite of the Company's reluctance, Raffles had effectively annexed the island and Singapore was eventually incorporated in the Straits Settlements.
		Raffles left in 1824 but Singapore grew in importance to every British colonial commercial and military plan for more than a century to come.
		With little formal education, Raffles was lucky when a friend's father found him a job as a clerk in the London office of the East India Company (the same beginnings as Robert Clive and Warren Hastings).
	www.bbc.co.uk /radio4/history/empire/episodes/episode_44.shtml (808 words)

	Core Competencies \| Raffles Hotels and Resorts
		Raffles Hotels and Resorts has often times been described as a leader in the hospitality industry with a track record in creating lifestyle experiences that define the highest standards of service excellence.
		Raffles Hotels and Resorts has an outstanding portfolio of food and beverage outlets in its hotels and resorts.
		Doc Cheng's, established in 1995 at Raffles Hotel and subsequently introduced at Raffles Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten, is one example of a successful leveraging of a signature food and beverage concept.
	www.raffles.com /about_raffles/core_competencies.html (641 words)

	Showcases :: Sultan Mahmud's Letter
		He was destined to be the last full ruler of the empire of Johor, which was founded after the fall of Melaka to the Portuguese in 1511, and had grown to encompass Pahang, Riau and Lingga.
		Indeed, Malay letters offer a glimpse of the complex social and political structure of Malay society, for every element - from the position of the heading and seal to the choice of gorgeous yellow silk envelope - was determined by the relative rank of the correspondents, and the diplomatic importance of the missive.
		The symmetry of the letter is remarkable: the writing begins and ends unerringly at the same spot in the epicentre of the sheet of paper; the letter-heading is situated exactly in the centre above the main text; and together, the two text blocks form a perfect square.
	www.bl.uk /onlinegallery/themes/asianafricanman/sulmahlett.html (356 words)

	Fotos de Singapur / Photos of Singapore
		Text: Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles, nos da la bienvenida a la ciudad que fundó.
		Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (1781 – 1826) was the founder of the city of Singapore and is one of the most famous person who expanded the British Empire.
		St Andrew Cathedral is in front of the Raffles City.
	www.losviajeros.net /fotos/asia/singapur (310 words)

	Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford
		thomas stamford raffles was born aboard ship near jamaica in the west indies...
		raffles, sir thomas stamford (1781-1826), a british colonial administrator, was the founder of modern singapore.
		founded in 1823 as singapore institution by sir thomas stamford raffles, the founder of modern singapore, it is the school with the longest history in...
	www.celebrityaz.com /2341_Raffles_Sir_Thomas_Stamford.html (500 words)

	SIR THOMAS STAMFORD RA... - Online Information article about SIR THOMAS STAMFORD RA...
		March 1816, Raffles ruled this large island with conspicuous success and the most gratifying results.
		After his return to England in 1816 he endeavoured to obtain a reconsideration of the question, but the decision taken was embodied in a treaty and beyond all possibility of modification.
		Egerton, Sir Stamford Raffles (1899); J. iBuckley, Records of Singapore (1903).
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PYR_RAY/RAFFLES_SIR_THOMAS_STAMFORD_178.html (1952 words)

	forum.indonesiepagina.nl - Weet iemand iets meer over Raffles.
		Raffles werd geboren aan boord van het schip Ann in Port Morant op Jamaica, als zoon van Benjamin Raffles.
		Raffles keerde naar het Verenigd Koninkrijk terug en werd in 1817 in de adelstand verheven.
		Raffles raakte hierdoor zijn functie te Benkoelen kwijt.
	forum.indonesiepagina.nl /topic/4998/weet_iemand_iets_meer_over_raffles.php (4044 words)

	Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles - Encyclopedia.com
		Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford (1781–1826) British colonial administrator, founder of Singapore.
		In search of Holbein's Thomas Wyatt the younger: Holbein's portrait of Sir Thomas Wyatt the Younger--who was beheaded for treason in 1554--was thought to be known only from copies.
		Contexts for women's manuscript miscellanies: the case of Elizabeth Lyttelton and Sir Thomas Browne.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O142-RafflesSirThomasStamford.html (464 words)

	Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles — Infoplease.com
		Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley, 1781–1826, British East Indian administrator.
		Raffles also reorganized the administration, launched reforms in taxation, abolished forced labor and feudal dues, and provided security of land tenure.
		Raffles was outstanding for his liberal attitude toward peoples under colonial rule, his rigorous suppression of the slave trade, and his zeal in collecting historical and scientific information.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0840964.html (256 words)

	Bencoolen - Bengkulu Tourism
		Sir Stamford Raffles, who later found Singapore, was lieutenant - government of Bengkulu from 1818 to 1823.
		Thomas Stamford Raffles was an important figure in Bengkulu history, which in 1817 was appointed as a Lieutenant-Governor of Bencoolen, the only territory in the area, which the Dutch had never managed to bring under their control.
		Raffles was an extraordinary and energetic man of wide-ranging interests.
	www.indonesia-tourism.com /bengkulu (439 words)

	Thomas Stamford Raffles (Vegetarian World) - Alternative History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (July 6, 1781 – July 5, 1856) was the founder of the city of Sundarapore (now the Republic of Sundarapore), and is one of the most famous Britons who expanded the British Empire.
		Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles governed Sundarapore until 1843, and then continued to have a major influence on the colony.
		Raffles passed away peacefully on July 5th, 1856, and is remembered as the founder of modern Sundarapore.
	althistory.wikia.com /wiki/Thomas_Stamford_Raffles_(Vegetarian_World) (463 words)

	Thomas Stamford Raffles Biography
		Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (26 July 1781 - 5 July 1826) was the founder of the city (now country) of Singapore, and is one of the best-known of the many Britons who created the largest empire the world has ever seen.
		In 1805 he was sent to what is now Penang in the country of Malaysia, then called Prince of Wales Island, starting a long association with southeast Asia.
		In Singapore, his name lives on in Raffles Junior College, Raffles Institution, Raffles Hotel, Stamford Road, Stamford House, Raffles City and Raffles Place, while he is also remembered in the name of the largest flower in the world, the Rafflesia.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Raffles_Thomas_Stamford.html (372 words)

	Hot Singapore escort massage (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Thomas Stamford Raffles.Between the 16th and 19th centuries, the Malay archipelago was gradually taken over by the European colonial powers, beginning with the arrival of the Portuguese at Malacca in 1509.
		In 1818, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles was appointed as the Lieutenant Governor of the British colony at Bencoolen.
		Raffles found a small Malay settlement, with a population of a few hundreds, at the mouth of the Singapore River, headed by Temenggong Abdu'r Rahman.
	www.singaporehotescort.com /singapore_history.htm (5388 words)

	Raffles Sir Thomas Stamford - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford (1781-1826), British colonial administrator, born on July 6, 1781, at sea off the island of Jamaica, on board the ship...
		In the 18th century, the British Empire became active in the area, partly in search of trade, but also to check French power in the Indian Ocean.
		The modern city was founded in 1819 on the site of a fishing village by the British colonial administrator Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, one of the...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Raffles_Sir_Thomas_Stamford.html (127 words)

	Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles
		Mostly self-educated, he entered the service of the East India Company at the age of 14 and in 1805 was sent to Pinang (now in Malaysia) as assistant secretary to the governor of the island.
		After a successful campaign against Dutch and French forces, Raffles remained in Java as lieutenant-governor and introduced reforms liberalizing the harsh Dutch colonial system.
		Raffles is remembered for his humane treatment of peoples subject to the severe and austere rules of the colonial system and for his suppression of the slave trade.
	www.latifm.com /look/Sir_Thomas_Stamford_Raffles.htm (224 words)

	www.myonlinetour.com - Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles
		Raffles had ventured to Singapore in the hope of establishing a British port to compete with Dutch ports in the region.
		A Treaty was signed by Raffles and the Malay rulers of Singapore island, Sultan Hussien Shah and Temenggong Abdul Rahman.
		Would that I could infuse into the Institution a portion of that spirit and soul by which I would have it animated, as easily as I endow it with lands, andc.
	www.myonlinetour.com /poi/reference/raffles (386 words)

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