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Topic: Thoracic

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Human skeleton

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	thoracic disc
		Thoracic disc prolapse is rare an event due to the bony thoracic cage permitting limited movements, the anterior-posterior direction of the apophyseal joints, and relatively small size of thoracic disc.
		The thoracic cord is restrained from backward displacement by the dentate ligaments.
		Circulation to the lower thoracic region is precarious and largely due to single artery of Adamkiewicz which usually arises between T8 and L4 on the left side in 60% of cases.
	www.thamburaj.com /thoracic_disc.htm (962 words)

	Thoracic duct -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In human (The branch of morphology that deals with the structure of animals) anatomy, the thoracic duct is an important part of the (The interconnected system of spaces and vessels between body tissues and organs by which lymph circulates throughout the body) lymphatic system — it is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body.
		In adults, the thoracic duct is typically 38-45cm in length.
		It originates in the (The region of the body of a vertebrate between the thorax and the pelvis) abdomen from the confluence of various abdominal lymph vessels.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/th/thoracic_duct.htm (124 words)

	II. Osteology. 3a. 2. The Thoracic Vertebræ. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The bodies in the middle of the thoracic region are heart-shaped, and as broad in the antero-posterior as in the transverse direction.
		The transverse processes arise from the arch behind the superior articular processes and pedicles; they are thick, strong, and of considerable length, directed obliquely backward and lateralward, and each ends in a clubbed extremity, on the front of which is a small, concave surface, for articulation with the tubercle of a rib.
		The First Thoracic Vertebra has, on either side of the body, an entire articular facet for the head of the first rib, and a demi-facet for the upper half of the head of the second rib.
	www.bartleby.com /107/22.html (693 words)

	Osteopathic Principles Key to Treating Patients with Thoracic Outlet Syndromes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Thoracic Outlet Syndrome is actually a group of upper extremity impingement syndromes involving the neurovascular bundle of the arm that are logical in progression, easy to diagnose and easy to help.
		The thoracic outlet is approximately a four-centimeter area boundaried anteriorly by the manubrium of the sternum, laterally by rib one and its costal cartilage, and posteriorly by the body of T1.
		Thoracic Outlet Syndromes are caused by a narrowing of one of the boundaries of the outlet.
	www.acofp.org /member_publications/thoracic.htm (1918 words)

	vas thoracic info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Patients with thoracic outlet syndrome caused by nerve compression (neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome) may be born with abnormalities of the two small muscles (the anterior and medial scalene muscles) that form one side of the thoracic outlet.
		Tenderness of the thoracic outlet near the base of the neck just behind the collarbone is one of the two most telling signs of this condition.
		Treatment involves removal of the compression in the thoracic outlet by removing the scalene muscles and/or the first rib, repair of the subclavian artery, administration of blood thinners (heparin) and a procedure called a sympathectomy, which improves blood flow to the fingers.
	www.amc.edu /vascular/vas_thoracic_info.htm (1579 words)

	The Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
		Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is due to compression/irritation of brachial plexus (BP) elements ("neurogenic TOS") and/or subclavian vessels ("vascular TOS") in their passage from the cervical area toward the axilla.
		Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) can be defined as a set of symptoms existing due to compression/irritation of the brachial plexus (BP) and/or subclavian vessels in the cervical area.
		A cervical rib or C7 transversomegaly is a strong argument for the diagnosis of TOS in the adequate clinical context.
	www.medschool.lsuhsc.edu /neurosurgery/nervecenter/TOS.html (3520 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Thoracic aortic aneurysm
		A thoracic aortic aneurysm is a localized expansion of the wall of the aorta.
		Thoracic aortic aneurysms are caused by hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), high blood pressure (hypertension), congenital disorders such as Marfan's syndrome, trauma, or less commonly, syphilis.
		Thoracic aneurysms occur in the ascending aorta (25% of the time), the aortic arch (25% of the time), or the descending thoracic aorta (50% of the time).
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001119.htm (675 words)

	Endovascular Stent Grafting of Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms -- Gowda et al. 124 (2): 714 -- Chest
		and traumatic ruptures of the descending thoracic aorta with
		stent grafting of the descending thoracic aortic aneurysms are
		Endovascular stent grafting of the descending thoracic aorta
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/124/2/714 (2709 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Thoracic outlet syndrome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Thoracic outlet syndromes are a group of disorders that cause pain and abnormal nerve sensations in the neck, shoulder, arm, and/or hand.
		The thoracic outlet is an area at the top of the rib cage, between the neck and the chest.
		In the case of arterial thoracic outlet syndrome, the artery beneath the collar bone leading to the arm is compressed causing the artery to increase in size.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0013/ai_2601001345 (1176 words)

	Cerfolio - Ligation of the Thoracic Duct for Chylothorax
		Cerfolio - Ligation of the Thoracic Duct for Chylothorax
		This is because the chylothorax is secondary to an injury to the main thoracic duct.
		The thoracic duct is a tubular structure that is 2 to 3 mm in diameter, valved, and paper-thin.
	www.ctsnet.org /doc/6418 (1828 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Thoracic surgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Thoracic surgery repairs diseased or injured organs and tissues in the thoracic cavity.
		Thoracic surgery is usually performed by a surgeon who specializes in either general thoracic surgery or cardiothoracic surgery.
		Candidates for thoracic surgery should be fully educated by their physician or surgeon on what their surgery will involve, the possible risks and complications, and requirements for postoperative care.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0013/ai_2601001346 (1193 words)

	IX. Neurology. 6c. The Thoracic Nerves. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The first two nerves supply fibers to the upper limb in addition to their thoracic branches; the next four are limited in their distribution to the parietes of the thorax; the lower five supply the parietes of the thorax and abdomen.
		The twelfth thoracic is distributed to the abdominal wall and the skin of the buttock.
		The anterior division of the twelfth thoracic nerve is larger than the others; it runs along the lower border of the twelfth rib, often gives a communicating branch to the first lumbar nerve, and passes under the lateral lumbocostal arch.
	www.bartleby.com /107/211.html (944 words)

	Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
		Thoracic Outlet Syndrome is a condition where nerves and/or vascular structures are compressed in the shoulder region by the first rib, accessory (cervical rib) when present, muscles or abnormal fibrous bands resulting in various symptoms such as pain, numbness, weakness and swelling of the arm and hand.
		The other, much more rare variety of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome is produced by compression of the vascular structures, such as the subclavian vein or the subclavian artery leading to the formation of blood clots.
		When the vein obstructs with blood clots, the symptoms are pain and swelling of the arm requiring emergency clot dissolving treatment and later operation to remove the first rib to relieve the compression.
	cms.clevelandclinic.org /vascularsurgery/body.cfm?id=42&oTopID=31 (243 words)

	Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
		One of those problem areas is the thoracic outlet: the tiny little tunnel between your collar bone and your first rib where the nerves and blood vessels which supply your arm pass before reaching the lower part of your armpit and spreading out to your arm....
		Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a controversial topic in the literature; many proponents support the existence of the condition, but some strongly vocal opponents doubt the validity of TOS as a medical entity.
		Thoracic outlet syndrome--aspects of diagnosis in the differential diagnosis of hand-arm vibration syndrome.
	intraspec.ca /tos.php (4228 words)

	Assembly - European Society of Thoracic Surgeons
		Thoracic Surgery was the aristocrat discipline of post World War II surgery.
		General thoracic surgeons did not feel at ease and dissatisfaction result in the creation of the General Thoracic Club in the US, a now powerful lobby and the creation in 1993 of ESTS in Europe.
		Training in Thoracic Surgery, more than training in cardiac surgery because sufficient initiation in general surgery, in particular visceral surgery for those who tend to specialise in oesophageal surgery was to such a turning programme would permit zero certification of young surgeons coming from either a cardiothoracic or general surgical training programme.
	www.ests.org /doc/3500 (2349 words)

	eMedicine - Thoracic Spine, Trauma : Article by Lennard A Nadalo, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The upper thoracic spine (T1-T10) is stabilized by the ribs and the orientation of the facets.
		The pedicles are inclined anteromedially with an angle that ranges from 0.3° toward the midline in the 12th thoracic vertebra to 13.9° in the fourth thoracic vertebra.
		The spinal canal is narrow in the thoracic region relative to the size of the spinal cord.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic816.htm (7269 words)

	Thoracic Radiology Fellowships (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Thoracic radiologists provide expertise is these arenas to consulting physicians not only in pulmonary and critical care medicine, oncology and thoracic surgery, but all fields of medicine; the chest radiograph remains the highest volume radiology examination performed in inpatient and outpatient radiology facilities.
		While this is particularly true in academic radiology departments, and specialized pulmonary and cardiac hospitals, the value of trained thoracic radiology experts has also been recognized in the private practice arena.
		One-third of trainees completing thoracic radiology fellowships in the past ten years have entered private practice immediately after completing a thoracic radiology training program (STR Spring 1998 Survey).
	www.thoracicrad.org /str99/thoracic_radiology_fellowships.htm (355 words)

	Thoracic Outlet Syndrome - Arthritis and arthritic conditions, medications, and treatment on MedicineNet.com
		Thoracic outlet syndrome is a condition whereby symptoms are produced from compression of nerves or blood vessels, or both, because of an inadequate passageway through an area (thoracic outlet) between the base of the neck and the armpit.
		It is felt by some researchers that the evolution of the torso of primates from a four-legged to a two-legged position may predispose humans to the development of thoracic outlet syndrome.
		The diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome is suggested by the symptoms and supported by findings of the doctor during the examination.
	www.medicinenet.com /thoracic_outlet_syndrome/article.htm (728 words)

	internal thoracic artery (anatomy) - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		There is one internal thoracic artery, previously called the internal mammary artery, originating from the first part of the subclavian artery, at the root of the neck on each side.
		The internal thoracic artery may supply an artery, the pericardiophrenic branch, that supplies the nerve and any pleura or pericardium that it may encounter.
		The internal thoracic artery is cloaked by venae comitantes which drain to the respective brachiocephalic vein via the internal thoracic vein.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-502923206.htm (336 words)

	TRAUMA.ORG: Thoracic Trauma: Blunt Thoracic Trauma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Since hypotension in thoracic trauma is usually associated with hypovolemia it should be aggressively treated initially with volume expansion with crystalloids while other possible etiologies, i.e.
		Hypertension may dramatically worsen bleeding in thoracic trauma and may dislodge thrombus which is containing a major vessel disruption and therefore should be treated.
		The echocardiogram, either precordial or transesophageal, is useful in evaluating for pericardial fluid, valve and wall motion, and the presence and extent of aortic disruption.
	www.trauma.org /thoracic/bluntthoracic.html (1554 words)

	OSH Answers: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
		Thoracic outlet syndrome is the general term used to describe a condition caused by the compressing of the nerves and blood vessels between the neck and shoulders.
		The symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome include pain, arm weakness, and numbness in the arm and fingers.
		The prevention of thoracic outlet syndrome should focus on the design or redesign of the workplace so that workers will avoid carrying heavy weights, reaching overhead, and lifting with the arms above shoulder level.
	www.ccohs.ca /oshanswers/diseases/thoracic.html (332 words)

	The Society of Thoracic Radiology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Society of Thoracic Radiology was founded in 1982 to develop an inclusive organization of radiologists interested in and dedicated to cardiopulmonary radiology.
		The Society of Thoracic Radiology invites abstracts for presentation at the annual meeting.
		The objective of the scientific session is to foster research and to promote and exchange new ideas in thoracic radiology.
	www.thoracicrad.org /str2000/default.asp (131 words)

	VascularWeb: Thoracic Aneurysm
		The aorta is the largest artery in your body, and it carries blood away from your heart to all the parts of your body.
		The part of your aorta that runs through your chest is called the thoracic aorta and, when your aorta reaches your abdomen, it is called the abdominal aorta.
		Approximately 25 percent of aortic aneurysms occur in the chest, and the rest involve the abdominal aorta.
	www.vascularweb.org /_CONTRIBUTION_PAGES/Patient_Information/NorthPoint/Thoracic_Aneurysm.html (1005 words)

	Careers in Medicine: Thoracic Surgery
		Included is the surgical care of coronary artery disease, cancers of the lung, esophagus and chest wall, abnormalities of the trachea, great vessels and heart valves, congenital anomalies, tumors of the mediastinum and diseases of the diaphragm.
		Residency training in thoracic surgery is seven to eight years total, consisting of a general surgery residency of five years before completing a minimum two year thoracic surgery residency.
		"Thoracic surgery workforce: snapshot at the end of the twentieth century and implications for the new millennium." Annals of Thoracic Surgery.
	www.aamc.org /students/cim/pub_thoracicsurg.htm (202 words)

	Department of Thoracic Surgery, DEPARTMENT HISTORY
		The recent transformation of Thoracic Surgery reflect the values and goals of the University in rapidly changing to accomodate the needs of our patients and students, as well as the interest and ability of the faculty and chair in Thoracic Surgery at Vanderbilt.
		In January 2004 the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery was reconstituted into the Department of Thoracic Surgery and the Department of Cardiac Surgery.
		As a board-certified thoracic surgeon and a specialist in heart and lung transplantation, Dr. Frist was a member of the faculty at Vanderbilt University Medical Center from 1985-1994.
	www.mc.vanderbilt.edu /root/vumc.php?site=thoracic&doc=3606 (2120 words)

	UM Thoracic Surgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The fellowship is intended to facilitate the transition to an academic thoracic surgery faculty position.
		In addition to a broad exposure to clinical thoracic surgery both in the operating rooms and outpatient settings, there is a strong commitment to didactic education through a rich conference schedule and didactic lecture series.
		The faculty of the Sections of Cardiac and General Thoracic Surgery meet on a regular basis to discuss the curriculum and evaluate the progress and performance of the residents, who in turn evaluate the faculty and the educational value of their rotations in a confidential fashion.
	thoracic.um-surgery.org /res_program.htm (421 words)

	Emory Healthcare: General Thoracic Surgery Service at Emory
		Known for applying minimally invasive methods whenever possible, the General Thoracic Surgery Service of the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery is committed to providing exemplary care to patients with surgical disease and is nationally recognized for developing and refining innovative treatments for disorders of the structures and organs of the chest, particularly the lungs and esophagus.
		The General Thoracic Surgery Service is the only academic site that participates in clinical trials sponsored by the prestigious American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG), a research organization established primarily to evaluate the surgical management of patients with malignant solid tumors.
		Emory thoracic surgeons have extensive expertise in tracheal resection and reconstruction, lung-volume reduction surgery, colon interposition for esophageal replacement, resection of advanced pulmonary malignancies, extrapleural pneumonectomy for mesothelioma, and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.
	www.emoryhealthcare.org /departments/general_thoracic_surgery (298 words)

	Thoracic Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Ohio Thoracic Society (OTS) is a professional organization dedicated to all aspects of lung disease.
		The Ohio Thoracic Society is a state chapter of the American Thoracic Society, an organization with an international reputation for leadership in lung disease and the publisher of two professional journals.
		In 1960, a new name was adopted, the Ohio Thoracic Society, in order to parallel actions taken at the national level and to be more descriptive of the range of specialties and disciplines represented in its membership and areas of interest.
	www.ohiolung.org /ohio_thoracic.htm (475 words)

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