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	Scandium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rare minerals from Scandinavia and Malagasy such as thortveitite, euxenite and gadolinite are the only known concentrated sources of this element (which is never found as a free metal).
		It is an important part of the rare mineral thortveitite and is found in residues that remain after tungsten is extracted from Zinnwald wolframite.
		Thortveitite is the primary source of scandium with uranium mill tailings by-products also being an important source.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scandium (713 words)

	Thortveitite ore beneficiation process - Patent 5035365
		Thortveitite ores which contain slime or fine particles that form coatings or cause agglomeration are preferably washed or classified to produce a clean, free-flowing sand.
		Washing or desliming of the thortveitite ore is normally accomplished in a hydrocyclone, or by mechanical or hydraulic clarification, wet screening or other methods with the addition soda ash or sodium hydroxide to provide a dispersant effect on the mineral particles.
		Thortveitite is the only mineral in this ore containing significant quantities of scandium, thus analyses of scandium directly correlate with the recovery of thortveitite.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5035365.html (1731 words)

	THORTVEITITE Chapter16. Sorosilicates and cyclosilicates
		Thortveitite, a scandium silicate mineral, is a very rare mineral at Sterling Hill and has not been found at Franklin.
		It may be that this Sc is hosted, at least in part, as thortveitite inclusions.
		The gahnite/hercynite crystals which serve as a matrix for thortveitite are from the corundum/margarite assemblage in the Franklin Marble near the Sterling Hill orebody and are discussed under corundum and margarite.
	franklin-sterlinghill.com /dunn/ch16/thortveitite.stm (136 words)

	VIAS Encyclopedia: Scandium
		It occurs as a principal component in the rare mineral thortveitite, found in Scandinavia and Malagasy.
		It is also found in the residues remaining after the extraction of tungsten from Zinnwald wolframite, and in wiikite and bazzite.
		Most scandium is presently being recovered from thortveitite or is extracted as a by-product from uranium mill tailings.
	www.vias.org /encyclopedia/persys_sc.html (459 words)

	Mineral Information Institute - SCANDIUM
		One of the few minerals having a notable scandium content is thortveitite.
		In Russia, it is in the mineral apatite and associated with uranium deposits.
		In Norway, scandium is in large thortveitite deposits.
	www.mii.org /Minerals/photoscandium.html (569 words)

	Scandium
		It occurs as a principal component in the rare mineral thortveitite, found in Scandinavia and Malagazy.
		It is also found in the resi- dues remaining after the extraction of tungsten from Zinnwald woframite, and in wilkite and bazzite.
		Most scandium is presently being re,covered from thortveitite or as a by-product of the extraction of uranium from davidite, which contains about 0.02 % 5c203.
	pte.8k.com /EL021.html (463 words)

	The Evje-Iveland pegmatite district (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		QUARTZ is one of the main constituents of the pegmatites, and is found in large masses that once were mined for use in the nickel smelters of the Flåt mine.
		THORTVEITITE is among the most interesting minerals from the Evje-Iveland pegmatites.
		Thortveitite has been found in a number of occurrences, among which Ljoslandknipen, Landsverk, Eptevann 2, Håverstad, Tuftane etc.
	www.nags.net /Nags/english/articles_werner/evje_iveland_pegmatite_district.htm (1174 words)

	Earth Materials, Experimental Petrology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Exsolution of thortveitite, ytrrialite and xenotime during low temperature recrystallization of zircon and their significance for trace element incorporation in ziron
		Recrystallized zircon grains in a phengite-epidote-chlorite schist from north-eastern New Caledonia contain as inclusions a mineral assemblage consisting of celadonite, kaolinite, quartz, Fe-oxy-hydroxide, smectite, chlorite, xenotime-(Y), thortveitite, yttrialite and allanite-(Ce).
		The altered zircon cores generally have lower trace-element contents than the pristine igneous zircon cores and we suggest that thortveitite, yttrialite and xenotime-(Y) formed as a result of trace-element expulsion from zircon during low-temperature recrystallization.
	rses.anu.edu.au /pep/staffandstudents/hermann/hermannabstracts/abstract12.html (251 words)

	Sc - Scandium
		It occurs as a principal component in the raremineral thortveitite, found in Scandinavia and Malagasy.
		It is also found in the residuesremaining after the extraction of tungsten from Zinnwald wolframite, and in wiikite andbazzite.
		Most scandium is presently being recovered from thortveitite or is extracted as aby-product from uranium mill tailings.
	www.physlink.com /Reference/ChemicalElements/scandium.cfm (251 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Tailings from the mined-out fluorite operations, which were generated from 1952 to 1971, contain thortveitite and other associated scandium-enriched minerals.
		Resources are also contained in the tungsten, molybdenum, and titanium minerals from the Climax molybdenum deposit in Colorado, and in kolbeckite (sterrettite), varisite, and crandallite at Fairfield, UT. Other low-grade domestic resources are present in ores of aluminum, iron, molybdenum, nickel, phosphate, tantalum, tin, titanium, tungsten, zinc, and zirconium.
		An occurrence of the mineral, thortveitite is reported for Kobe, Japan.
	minerals.usgs.gov /minerals/pubs/commodity/scandium/820396.txt (885 words)

	Scandium
		It is the main constituent of the rare mineral thortveitite from Scandinavia and Malagasy.
		Thortveitite is the main source of Scandium and is most often produced as a by-product or uranium mill tailings.
		Scandium metal is produced by the reduction of scandium fluoride with calcium metal.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=1452 (261 words)

	Fennefoss museum
		Theodor Gautestad managed to mine 10 kg thortveitite that he sold for ab.
		One of his best specimen of thortveitite is at the Sorbonne University in Paris, France.
		Kristen Dale is a farmer who started to collect minerals on his farm as a child during World War II.
	www.evjeweb.com /kommunen/museum.htm (808 words)

	LookSmart - Directory - Guides to Thortveitite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Peruse data presented on thortveitite that includes the formula, the crystal system, and the location where the mineral is found.
		Examine data provided on thortveitite such as the classification, the crystallography, the optical data, and the relationship to other minerals.
		Obtain data for thortveitite such as the chemical formula, crystallography, image, mineral classification, composition, and the optical and physical properties.
	lsxml.looksmart.com /p/browse/us1/us317914/us263953/us330812/us553452/us10214946/us10179352/us10179348 (203 words)

	The Elements: Scandium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The blue color of beryl (aqua-marine variety) is said to be due to scandium.
		Most scandium is presently being recovered from thortveitite or as a by-product of the extraction of uranium from davidite, which contains about 0.02% Sc2O3.
		Metallic scandium was first prepared in 1937 by Fischer, Brunger, and Grieneisen, who electrolyzed a eutectic melt of potassium, lithium, and scandium chlorides at 700-800 C.
	www.cmbi.kun.nl /~ott/elements/scandium.html (452 words)

	Mineralogical Record: Trimouns Quarry LUZENAC, ARIEGE, FRANCE, The
		Specimens of this description were collected in 1985 in the mica schist of the pegmatite zone in the footwall of the talc-chlorite structure.
		A handful of specimens of thortveitite was found in the hanging wall of the talc structure; the specimens came from the top part of the dolomite lenses, in the same environment as iimoriite, associated with banded dolomite.
		Some very rare, yellowish white, acicular thortveitite crystals to 1 mm, associated with pale dolomite, were collected from fissures in 1997, as were a few millimeter-size thortveitite crystals perched on crystals of bastnasite with calcite and clinochlore (Bianchi and Pilati, 1988; Schetelig, 1912, 1922).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3672/is_200405/ai_n9380791/pg_6 (1422 words)

	AllRefer.com - scandium, Compound & Element (Compounds And Elements) - Encyclopedia
		Its compounds are found widely distributed in minute amounts in nature.
		It is a major component of the rare Norwegian mineral thortveitite.
		It is found in many of the rare-earth minerals and in certain tungsten and uranium ores.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/scandium.html (313 words)

	Thortveitite
		Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.
		English words defined with "thortveitite": atomic number 21 ♦ Sc, scandium.
		Public Service or Web Sites Triggered by: Thortveitite
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /th/thortveitite.html (213 words)

	SCANDIUM 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The name of the element scandium is derived from the Latin Scandia (= Scandinavia).
		The year 2003 mark the centennial for the initial discovery of the mineral that was to be named thortveitite in 1911,
		It was found in a granite pegmatite in Evje, Norway.
	www.nhm.uio.no /geomus/scsymp (363 words)

	Exsolution of thortveitite, yttrialite, and xenotime during low-temperature recrystallization of zircon from New ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Exsolution of thortveitite, yttrialite, and xenotime during low-temperature recrystallization of zircon from New Caledonia, and their significance for trace element incorporation in zircon -- Spandler et al.
		Exsolution of thortveitite, yttrialite, and xenotime during low-temperature recrystallization of zircon from New Caledonia, and their significance for trace element incorporation in zircon
		the pristine igneous zircon cores and we suggest that thortveitite,
	ammin.geoscienceworld.org /cgi/content/abstract/89/11-12/1795 (274 words)

	Thortveitite Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Diffuse, light gray, stalky thortveitite crystals in feldspar, assoc.
		10 mm dark, greyish green thortveitite crystal in quartz.
		3 cm crystal section of thortveitite in feldspar.
	www.mindat.org /gallery.php?min=3950 (138 words)

	C&EN: IT'S ELEMENTAL: THE PERIODIC TABLE - SCANDIUM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Although today's total market is relatively small, an increasing demand for scandium calls for an increased effort to better understand the distribution of the element and to locate new deposits.
		Only nine major scandium minerals are known so far (year of first description in parentheses): thortveitite (1911), bazzite (1915), kolbeckite (1926; not originally recognized as a scandium mineral), jervisite (1982), cascandite (1982), juonniite (1997), pretulite (1998), scandiobabingtonite (1998), and kristiansenite (2002).
		Kolbeckite, juonniite, and pretulite are phosphates; the rest are silicates.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/80th/print/scandium.html (870 words)

	Thortveitite: Thortveitite mineral data from mindat.org mineralogy database
		Thortveitite: Thortveitite mineral data from mindat.org mineralogy database
		All other localities listed without reference should be considered as unproven until references can be found.
		Witzke & T. Giesler (2003): Thortveitit aus dem Königshainer Granit in der Lausitz, Sachsen - ein Neufund für Deutschland.- Lapis 28 (6), 46-47
	www.mindat.org /min-3950.html (330 words)

	Documento senza titolo
		THIS PAGE IS DEDICATE TO ONE MINERAL THAT USUALLY SHOWS DIFFERENT MORPHOLOGY, COLOURS OR HABITUS : NOW IS THE TIME OF : THORTVEITITE
		10 - an exceptional sample: two blue spheres of thortveitite with a little, but extremely rare crystal of KRISTIANSENITE
		THE BLUE SPHERE : 2 MM 10 - KRISTIANSENITE : a little but perfect crystal with stilbite and thortveitite
	www.mineralservice.com /eng/shop/baveno_micro2.htm (175 words)

	CESIAN BAZZITE AND THORTVEITITE FROM CUASSO AL MONTE, VARESE, ITALY: A COMPARISON WITH THE MATERIAL FROM BAVENO, AND ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cesian bazzite and thortveitite from Cuasso Al Monte, Varese, Italy: a comparison with the material from Baveno, and inferred origin
		The composition and paragenesis of these Sc-rich species indicate the importance of complexes in enhancing the different geochemical behavior of scandium with respect to the REE, and that of equilibria with species such as feldspars, where aluminum cannot be replaced by transition elements.
		Key words: scandium, thortveitite, bazzite, Baveno, Cuasso al Monte, Italy.
	pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca /mineral/140938-6.html (403 words)

	Definition of thortveitite - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		thortveitite is one of more than 1,000,000 entries available at Merriam-WebsterUnabridged.com.
		Get the Top 10 Search Results for "thortveitite"
		Now you can take the Eleventh Edition with you anywhere as Franklin's new Speaking Electronic Handheld!
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=thortveitite (82 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #4595662 - SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SCANDIUM OXIDE FROM THORTVEITITE MATERIAL
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		For a journal article, please see the Resource Relation field.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4595662 (96 words)

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