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Topic: Three Laws of Robotics

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	Three Laws of Robotics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Giskard Reventlov is the first robot to act according to the Zeroth Law, although it proves destructive to his positronic brain, as he is not certain as to whether his choice will turn out to be for the ultimate good of humanity or not.
		Thus, the Laws are comparable to basic human instincts of family or mating, and consequently are closer to forming the basis of a robot's self-consciousness—a sense that its entire purpose is based around serving humanity, obeying human orders and continuing its existence in this mode—rather than arbitrary limitations circumscribing an otherwise independent mind.
		The Laws of Robotics are portrayed as something akin to a human religion and referred to in the language of the Protestant Reformation, with the set of laws containing the Zeroth Law known as the "Giskardian Reformation" to the original "Calvinian Orthodoxy" of the Three Laws.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Three_Laws_of_Robotics (5562 words)

	Paul A. Abrahm and Stuart Kenter- Tik-Tok and the Three Laws of Robotics
		Over two and a half decades before the now-famed Three Laws of Robotics were even a glimmer in their originator's mind, there existed, in fiction, a robot who represented a perfect embodiment of those laws.
		SECOND LAW: "A robot must obey orders given it by a human being except where such orders would conflict with the First Law." Tik-Tok states it as bluntly as it can be said: "I am a slave of the lit-tle girl Dor-o-thy." Or again: "From this time forth I am your o-be-di-ent ser-vant.
		THIRD LAW: "A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law." Looking ahead toward protection of his own existence as an armed combatant, Tik-Tok sorts the possibilities for his survival: "A sol-dier must be a-ble to run as well as to fight" (2:88).
	www.depauw.edu /sfs/backissues/14/abrahm14art.htm (7537 words)

	Roger Clarke's Asimov's Laws of Robotics
		Robots might directly or indirectly harm humans or their property; or the damage may be economic or incorporeal (for example, to a person's reputation).
		Under the second law, a robot appears to be required to comply with a human order to (1) not resist being destroyed or dismantled, (2) cause itself to be destroyed, or (3) (within the limits of paradox) dismantle itself.
		A political opponent, seeking to expose the robot, discovers that it is impossible to prove it is a robot solely on the basis of its behavior, because the Laws of Robotics force any robot to perform in essentially the same manner as a good human being7.
	www.anu.edu.au /people/Roger.Clarke/SOS/Asimov.html (13207 words)

	RRG/Learn More/History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The word 'robotics' was first used in Runaround, a short story published in 1942, by Isaac Asimov (born Jan. 2, 1920, died Apr. 6, 1992).
		Law One: A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm, unless this would violate a higher order law.
		The robot idea was hyped to the skies and became high fashion in the Boardroom.
	www.robotics.utexas.edu /rrg/learn_more/history (1478 words)

	Science Fiction Writer Robert J. Sawyer: On Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics
		First, remember, Asimov's "Laws" are hardly laws in the sense that physical laws are laws; rather, they're cute suggestions that made for some interesting puzzle-oriented stories half a century ago.
		Indeed, given that a huge amount of AI and robotics research is underwritten by the military, it seems that there will never be a general "law" against ever harming human beings.
		We already live in a world in which Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics have no validity, a world in which every single computer user is exposed to radiation that is considered at least potentially harmful, a world in which machines replace people in the workplace all the time.
	www.sfwriter.com /rmasilaw.htm (569 words)

	Encyclopedia Galactica - Robotics - The Three Laws
		A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction allow a human being to come to harm.
		He suggested the First Law should be restated as "A robot may do nothing that, to its knowledge, will harm a human being; nor, through inaction, knowingly allow a human being to come to harm".
		Thou shalt protect the robot with all thy might and all thy heart and all thy soul.
	www.geocities.com /Area51/Dimension/1136/robots/robotlaws.html (258 words)

	Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics - a Whatis.com definition
		Science-fiction author Isaac Asimov is often given credit for being the first person to use the term robotics in a short story composed in the 1940s.
		Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics, as they are called, have survived to the present:
		Robots must never harm human beings or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
	searchcio.techtarget.com /gDefinition/0,294236,sid19_gci520366,00.html (168 words)

	Isaac Asimov Home Page
		Asimov developed the Three Laws (with the help of his editor John W. Campbell) because he was tired of the science fiction stories of the 1920s and 1930s in which the robots, like Frankenstein's creation, turned on their creators and became dangerous monsters.
		There were enough ambiguities in the Three Laws to make for interesting stories, but there was only one story in the collection, "Little Lost Robot", in which a robot posed any sort of danger to a human being.
		The Three Laws and the behavior of robots that resulted from their use became an implicit aspect of numerous science fiction stories that followed Asimov's popular positronic robot series.
	www.asimovonline.com (3421 words)

	Isaac Asimov FAQ
		Unlike the Three Laws, however, the Zeroth Law is not a fundamental part of positronic robotic engineering, is not part of all positronic robots, and, in fact, requires a very sophisticated robot to even accept it.
		Asimov claimed that the Three Laws were originated by John W. Campbell in a conversation they had on December 23, 1940.
		The Three Laws did not appear in Asimov's first two robot stories, "Robbie" and "Reason", but the First Law was stated in Asimov's third robot story "Liar!", which also featured the first appearance of robopsychologist Susan Calvin.
	www.asimovonline.com /asimov_FAQ.html (12119 words)

	Three Laws Of Robotics
		A robot may not harm a human, or through inaction allow a human to come to harm, unless this interferes with the zeroth law.
		For example, telling a robot to drive you to work, and the robot knowing the risks involved in driving you to work are not outweighed by whether or not you lose your job wouldn't be too hard, with a sufficiently strong order.
		Without the three laws, robots would not be accepted by the general public, and US Robots still had to work very hard to transfer the technology from the industries such as space exploration to the domestic, such as house servants.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?ThreeLawsOfRobotics (1859 words)

	Steve Jackson Games Forums - Three Laws of Robotics
		Don't forget about the 0th law of Robotics created by Isaac Asimov himself in Robots and Empire: A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.
		According to GURPS Robots, p.60 the first two of the Three Laws are reactive programs worth -15 points each as Great Vows.
		In this case, the 3rd law would be a taboo trait against auto-destructive disadvantages (on the edge, for example) and auto-destructive behaviour, unless it comes into conflict with the 1st and 2nd laws
	forums.sjgames.com /showthread.php?t=8667 (831 words)

	Isaac Hayes' Three Laws of Robotics - Engadget
		Isaac Hayes' Three Laws of Robotics - Engadget
		A robot must be a sex machine to all the chicks, except where such actions conflict with the will of his main woman.
		Sincerely speaking though I don't believe that all robots will be equipped with these 3 laws because it is just too idealistic - in reality corporations and military will embed their own laws into robots...
	www.engadget.com /2004/07/20/isaac-hayes-three-laws-of-robotics (725 words)

	3 Laws Unsafe - Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics & I, Robot
		At the heart of the movie are Isaac Asimov’s “Three Laws of Robotics”, invented as a simple, but immutable moral code for robots.
		The film’s plot revolves around an apparent breaking of the laws, when a robot is suspected of murdering a famous scientist.
		Bundy notes that simple safety measures are already a crucial part of the design of industrial robots, which have in rare cases caused the death of people.
	www.asimovlaws.com (1143 words)

	3 Laws Unsafe - I, Robot and Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In anticipation of 20th Century Fox's July 16th release of I, Robot, the Singularity Institute announces "3 Laws Unsafe." "3 Laws Unsafe" explores the problems presented by Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics, the principles intended for ensuring that robots help, but never harm, humans.
		The Three Laws are widely known and are often taken seriously as reasonable solutions for guiding future AI.
		JavaScript must be enabled to display email addresses.
	www.singinst.org /asimovlaws.html (83 words)

	The Laws of Robotics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		the ultimate source of insight into robotics and automation
		(according to the Handbook of Robotics, or more precisely, Isaac Asimov):
		(This was added after the initial three laws.)
	trueforce.com /encyclopaedia/laws_of_robotics.htm (118 words)

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