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Topic: Thrips

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	Thrips tabaci (English) - IPM/CIIFAD
		Thrips pupae appear as an intermediate form between the immature and the adult.
		Thrips are the most damaging insect pest of onions in the tropics.
		Thrips prefer to feed on the young plant tissue on the newest emerged leaves.
	www.nysaes.cornell.edu /ent/hortcrops/english/thrips.html (1683 words)

	The Avocaco Thrips & Thrips Natural Enemies
		Avocado thrips is not an avocado-adapted strain of citrus thrips, Scirtothrips citri.
		Thrips belong to the insect order Thysanoptera, which means "fringe wings" (the wings of adult thrips are fringed with long hairs) and 5,000 species of thrips are known of which 1% are pests.
		Thrips is a Latin word derived from the Greek for wood louse, and is used in both the singular and plural.
	commserv.ucdavis.edu /CESanDiego/bender/thrips.htm (2637 words)

	Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture - Blueberry Thrips
		Thrips feed on leaves and they are found in between curled leaves.
		The curled leaves should be examined for thrips as the leaves may be infested with the maggot stage of another insect, the blueberry tip midge (species: Prodiplosis vaccinii (Felt.)).
		The midge (a small fly) causes damage similar to that of thrips, except the leaves are not as tightly curled, not as red, and only leaves at the tip of the plant are curled.
	www.gnb.ca /0171/10/0171100014-e.asp (603 words)

	Acacia Thrips
		The Acacia thrips galls are invaded and usurped by kleptoparasitic thrips of the genus Koptothrips.
		These invading thrips kill the original gall thrips by stabbing with their fore tarsal teeth, and then breed for one or more generations in the galls that they have usurped, sometimes producing large populations.
		A kleptoparasitic thrips of the genus Xaniothrips that invades Acacia thrips domiciles.
	www.worldwidewattle.com /infogallery/misc/thrips.php (1584 words)

	ecowatch_thysanoptera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Thrips can be serious pests of vegetables crops due to the feeding damage they cause or to virus diseases they transmit.
		Thrips lay their eggs either on the food plant in slits within the plant tissue or scattered where the female is feeding.
		Thrips are mainly plant feeders, sucking up fluids from the leaves and flowers of a wide variety of plants.
	www.ento.csiro.au /Ecowatch/Insects_Invertebrates/thysanoptera.htm (338 words)

	Thrips: Introduction
		Thrips are relatively small, 0.5 to 5 mm long (most are 1 to 2 mm).
		Thrips are divided into two suborders, Terebrantia and Tubulifera, that differ in the shape of the last abdominal segment and the development of the ovipositor.
		The families of thrips are separated largely by the characters of the antennae, particularly the number of antennal segments and the nature of the sensoria on the third and fourth segments.
	www.entomology.umn.edu /cues/inter/inmine/Thripa.html (471 words)

	Greenhouse IPM: Sustainable Thrips Control
		Thrips are tiny insects that reproduce rapidly, congregate in tight places that make pesticide coverage difficult, and feed with rasping-piercing-sucking mouth parts, resulting in deformation of flowers and leaves.
		Though thrips are not strong fliers, they are easily borne by the wind, which facilitates their movement.
		Thrips are so tiny and elusive, that the brand of insect screening you choose can make a big difference in how well it excludes thrips.
	attra.ncat.org /attra-pub/gh-thrips.html (3540 words)

	UC IPM: UC Management Guidelines for Thrips on Onion and Garlic
		Thrips are very small, slender insects that are best seen with a hand lens: mature onion thrips are about 0.05 inch (1.3 mm) long and flower thrips are slightly larger at 0.06 inch (1.5 mm) long.
		Thrips are the most common and serious insect pest of onions, and are found wherever onions are grown in California.
		Although thrips feeding during the early bulbing stage is the most damaging to yields, thrips must be controlled before onions reach this stage so that populations do not exceed levels that can be adequately controlled.
	www.ipm.ucdavis.edu /PMG/r584300111.html (952 words)

	Biological Control of Western Flower Thrips in Greenhouses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Instead, thrips counts on plants can be based on a presence-absence assessment, in which the sampler takes note of the proportion of samples with thrips, rather than actually counting numbers of thrips in each sample (Schmidt and Frey 1995).
		Eulophid wasps in the genera Ceranisus, Thripobius, Goetheana, Entedonastichus, and Pediobius are solitary internal parasitoids of thrips larvae.
		Howardula aptini (Sharga 1932) parasite in blueberry thrips in New Brunswick.
	www.biocontrol.ucr.edu /WFT.html (10739 words)

	Thrips
		Thrips are small (~1/8” long) and narrow-bodied insects commonly found feeding on leaves and stems.
		Greenhouse thrips (Heliothrips femoralis) and western flower thrips (Frankliniella tritici) are plant pests commonly found in Minnesota greenhouses and on flowering plants kept indoors.
		Since thrips are quite small and their pale-colored nymphs are difficult to detect, using magnification when scouting is recommended.
	www.mda.state.mn.us /biocon/plantscape/thrips.htm (627 words)

	Blueberry Thrips No. 202
		Thrips are very small (1/4-inch long) and difficult to see.
		Although thrips damaged plants can be found in crop fields, most economically important damage occurs in pruned fields.
		Damage is usually confined to small isolated patches that are heavily infested, while individual thrips injured plants may be found scattered throughout the rest of the field.
	wildblueberries.maine.edu /FactSheets/202.htm (375 words)

	melon thrips - Thrips palmi Karny
		In Hawaii, thrips were observed to attain higher densities on cucumber plants infected with watermelon mosaic virus, but it was not determined whether the plants were more attractive to adults or suitable for survival and reproduction (Culliney 1990).
		In addition to direct injury, melon thrips are capable of inflicting indirect injury by transmitting some strains of tomato spotted wilt virus and bud necrosis virus.
		The mite density is correlated with thrips density, but within-plant distribution differs among the two species, suggesting that although the mites may increase in numerical abundance they are unlikely to drive the thrips to extinction.
	creatures.ifas.ufl.edu /veg/melon_thrips.htm (1992 words)

	Thrips on Ornamental Plants
		Thrips are very small, yellow, brown or fl, slender insects ranging from 1/16 to 1/8 inch in length (Figure 1).
		Thrips populations are at their peak in the spring.
		The greenhouse thrips, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Figure 5), is a common pest of greenhouse- and nursery-grown plants.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /MG327 (1238 words)

	thrip spray, Thrip Spray, THRIP SPRAY, thrip treatment, Thrip Treatment, THRIP TREATMENT, thrips, Thrips, THRIPS, thrip ...
		Although there are thrips with names like Tobacco Thrips or Flower Thrips, it is evident they are not specie specific and that they can live on just about any type of plant which is able to provide them with a source of sap, juice and water.
		Once thrips are found to be active, you have varying levels of treatments that can be done depending on both the type of plant being treated and the strength of the pesticide you are comfortable using.
		Since this moisture is so important, thrips will go out of their way to find such locations and will readily nest in clogged gutters, potted plants with wet soil or moist bottoms and areas around garden hoses and water spickets.
	www.bugspray.com /article/thrips.html (3289 words)

	Gordon's Thrip (Thysanoptera) Page
		Thrips are small (0.5 to 12.0 mm long, though most are less than 5 mm long) thin yellow-brown or fl insects commonly found on flowers in summer.
		Fossil thrips are known from only as far back in time as the Jurassic period, making them relatively modern as far as insects are concerned, as well as distinctly better survivors than the Dinosaurs.
		The females of the Suborder Terebrantia are equiped in most cases with an ovipositor which they use to cut slits into plant tissue into which they insert their eggs singly, while females of the Suborder Tubulifera who lack an ovipositor lay their eggs on the outside of plants, either singly or in small groups.
	www.earthlife.net /insects/thysanop.html (783 words)

	Thrips tabaci
		As is common with many thrips species, onion thrips deposit small dark specks of excrement on the surface of tissue where they feed.
		While the onion thrips can be readily killed by many insecticides, they are often difficult to control because of their small size and cryptic habits.
		Thrips are shallow feeders that feed primarily on surface tissue.
	www.extento.hawaii.edu /kbase/crop/Type/t_tabaci.htm (915 words)

	Grass Thrips, HYG-2156-94
		Adult thrips are very active and usually less than 1/8 inch long, tan-to-dark brown bodied with four very thin, veinless, featherlike wings.
		Thrips are serious pests on vegetables (especially onions) and flowers (chrysanthemum, gladiolus, iris).
		Gladiolus thrips also feed on the corms in storage, causing russeted areas and lowering vigor, which retards growth and makes the flowers smaller.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/2000/2156.html (490 words)

	Thrips Management Alternatives in the Field
		Thrips are known to be serious pests on a wide range of fruit, vegetable, flower, and agronomic crops.
		Sulfur, insecticidal soap, and diatomaceous earth have all demonstrated efficacy in suppressing thrips in several crops.(3, 13, 14) Being contact pesticides, however, their effectiveness in onions would probably be limited, because the thrips can hide between the leaves.
		The botanical pesticides garlic, rotenone, ryania, pyrethrum, neem, and nicotine have been suggested for thrips control.(10, 16, 17, 18) Another botanical presticide, sabadilla, also has a record of controlling thrips and is suggested when other botanicals fail.(3) Organic growers should be aware that nicotine and other tobacco-based pesticides are prohibited in organic production.
	www.attra.org /attra-pub/thrips.html (1916 words)

	Thysanoptera
		Thrips are generally small insects (under 3 mm).
		Many thrips are destructive pests of plants, especially grain crops, fruits and vegetables, and ornamentals.
		Thrips are able to walk on glassy smooth surfaces because they have an eversible adhesive pad located on the tip of each foot, between the claws.
	www.cals.ncsu.edu /course/ent425/compendium/thrips.html (424 words)

	Daylily Dictionary: Thrips
		THRIPS - these pests are often talked about but seldom seen because of their very small size and the fact that they spend a lot of time concealed between
		Young thrips are most often whitish or yellow but quite similar otherwise to the adults, although adults may have wings.
		Thrips are less than an eighth of an inch in length, usually much smaller, and there can be many generations in a year.
	www.daylilies.org /ahs_dictionary/thrips.html (266 words)

	Scales
		Thrips are insects that belong to the order Thysanoptera, which means bristle or fringe wings.
		Thrips are very small, slender bodied, wingless or with two pairs of very slender wings that are nearly veinless and are fringed with long hairs, have piercing rasping mouth parts, and are very active when disturbed.
		Banded Greenhouse Thrips (Hercinothrips femoralis): Thrips are dark brown to fl; the head, prothorax, and end of the abdomen are reddish-yellow and the forewings are dusty with white areas.
	www.uga.edu /vegetable/scales.html (957 words)

	Western flower thrips (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Thrips feeding on strawberry blossoms cause the stigmas and anthers to turn brown and wither prematurely, but not before fertilization has occurred.
		Although the flower thrips are often numerous on strawberries when catfacing occurs, thrips do not cause catfacing.
		As fruit develops, thrips feeding may cause a russeting of the fruit around the cap.
	www.ento.vt.edu /Fruitfiles/StrwThrips.html (243 words)

	THRIPS
		Thrips are small (approximately 1/15 inch long) slender insects that feed primarily on young tissue in the bud or on newly expanded leaves by sucking up sap after rasping surface cells with their mouthparts.
		Concerning the control of thrips in the greenhouse, it is important to realize that thrips infesting flowers or weed hosts on the outside of the greenhouse may migrate into greenhouse ranges in vast numbers and cause rapid and serious damage.
		Frequently, by the time such damage is very evident, the thrips population is no longer present and control efforts are too late.
	www.mrec.ifas.ufl.edu /lso/Thrips.htm (296 words)

	Western Flower Thrips in Commercial Greenhouses
		Thrips species transmit both types of viruses in greenhouse and field crops (German et al.
		If thrips do not lay eggs (even though that plant is susceptible to tospovirus), that particular plant is not considered as a reservoir for either tospovirus.
		Thrips feeding and oviposition injuries to economic plants, subsequent damage, and host responses to infestation.
	www.extension.umn.edu /distribution/horticulture/DG7374.html (3636 words)

	WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS ON ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
		Thrips are important pests of ornamental plants because of the physical damage caused by their feeding activities to tissues of developing and mature flowers and leaves.
		Thrips also feed on pollen and some species are predaceous.
		Thrips adults and larvae are thigmotactic, preferring to hide in complex plant parts, flower buds and other folded tissue where they are difficult to detect and to reach with insecticides.
	entowww.tamu.edu /extension/bulletins/uc/uc-017.html (996 words)

	thrips
		A summary of IPM for greenhouse thrips on both vegetable and ornamental crops by Lane Greer and Steve Diver of ATTRA (Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas).
		Factsheet on thrips in glasshouses by Stanton Gill et al.
		Thrips and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) on peanuts in the USA, with downloadable research papers by Forrest L. Mitchell.
	www.keele.ac.uk /depts/aep/thrips.htm (732 words)

	Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus fact sheet
		The western flower thrips, sometimes highly resistant to many currently registered pesticides, has typically been slow to be detected and identified when introduced to a greenhouse and difficult to control once its presence is known.
		The primary greenhouse vector is the western flower thrips Resistance to specific organophosphates, carbamates, and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides is known in certain populations.
		Early detection of a thrips infestation is critical because the symptoms of their feeding are often not noticed until after the damage has occurred, and because small infestations are easier to control.
	vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu /factsheets/Virus_SpottedWilt.htm (3101 words)

	gladiolus thrips - Thrips simplex (Morison)
		The gladiolus thrips causes deformities and discoloration of gladiolus flowers, and corms (bulbs) become soft and are prone to decay.
		The gladiolus thrips was described by Morison (1930) as Physothrips simplex from five female specimens collected on carnation flowers, Dianthus caryophyllus, from Urrbrae, South Australia.
		Gladiolus thrips is widespread and is found where gladiolus are grown in Africa, Asia, Australia, the Pacific Islands, Europe, and North and South America.
	creatures.ifas.ufl.edu /orn/thrips/gladiolus_thrips.htm (538 words)

	Thrips
		The adult western flower thrips is yellow or yellow-orange; the tobacco thrips adult tends to be dark brown to fl in appearance.
		The main seedling thrips in Georgia are the tobacco and onion thrips.
		Control: Thrips can be controlled with insecticides even though western flower thrips is tolerant of several insecticides and is the most difficult one of the three species to control.
	www.gaipm.org /top50/thrips.html (456 words)

	UC IPM: UC Management Guidelines for Thrips on Cotton
		Thrips are tiny, slender insects less than 0.06 inch (1.55 mm) long.
		Western flower thrips are by far the most common thrips on cotton and may be found all season.
		Bean thrips feed on the cotton plant and may cause mature leaves to turn coppery brown or red and lower leaves to drop.
	www.ipm.ucdavis.edu /PMG/r114301811.html (626 words)

	Pests of the Northeastern US - Onion Thrips (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Onion thrips vary in color from white to yellow to brown.
		In the field, adult thrips may be identified by their small size and rapid movement on the leaf surface.
		The immature (nymph) stages are similar in form to the adults, but are lighter in color, wingless, smaller in size, and slower moving.
	www.nysaes.cornell.edu /ent/factsheets/pests/ot.html (166 words)

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