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Topic: Thrombin

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Coagulation

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	Thrombin
		This was further confirmed by the ability of thrombin to mimic LPS toxicity when infused in the portal vein (5) or when added to the perfusate in the isolated liver model (preliminary results), and by the ability of antithrombin III to reduce the symptoms and improve the survival rate of patients with septic shock (29).
		Thus, thrombin appears to be an important mediator of the LPS-induced hepatocellular necrosis that acts after the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the liver and the release of certain inflammatory mediators (TNF-a).
		The earliest identified function of thrombin is the cleavage of fibrinogen into fibrin monomers and the activation of the fibrin-stabilizing factor (factor XIII) and protein C. Clotted blood is a meshwork of insoluble fibrin threads that traps blood cells and serum.
	www.msu.edu /user/moulinfr/thrombin.html (1143 words)

	Thrombin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thrombin (activated Factor II (IIa)) is a coagulation protein that has many effects in the coagulation cascade.
		Thrombin is produced by the enzymatic cleavage of two sites on prothrombin by activated Factor X (Xa).
		Thrombin activates protein C, an inhibitor of the coagulation cascade.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thrombin (585 words)

	Thrombin signalling and protease-activated receptors: Nature
		Thrombin is chemotactic for monocytes and mitogenic for lymphocytes and mesenchymal cells.
		The latter sequence resembles the C-terminal tail of the thrombin inhibitor hirudin and binds to thrombin in an analogous manner.
		Thus the relative importance of thrombin activation of platelets in haemostasis and thrombosis is unknown.
	www.nature.com /uidfinder/10.1038/35025229 (4596 words)

	Haematologic Technologies - Human Thrombin - Bovine Thrombin - Mouse Thrombin
		Thrombin is also responsible for feedback activation of the procofactors factor V and factor VIII.
		Thrombin is a two chain enzyme composed of an NH -terminal "A" chain (Mr=6,000) and a COOH-terminal "B" chain (Mr=31,000) which remain covalently associated through a single disulfide bond.
		Human, bovine and mouse thrombin are prepared from purified prothrombin using a modification of the Lundblad procedure (1) as described by Nesheim et al.
	www.haemtech.com /Enzymes/Thrombin.htm (465 words)

	Thrombin : by Ray Sahelian, M.D.
		Thrombin is an enzyme that presides over the conversion of a substance called fibrinogen to fibrin, which helps form a clot.
		Thrombin is has been widely characterized for its roles in hemostasis, inflammation, and cell signaling.
		Direct thrombin inhibitors such as bivalirudin, lepirudin, and argatroban are a new class of anticoagulants.
	www.raysahelian.com /thrombin.html (801 words)

	Thrombin and Platelet Activation -- Brass 124 (3 Supplement): 18 -- Chest
		that platelet responses to thrombin are mediated by a subset
		Cleavage of PAR-1 by thrombin between arginine 41 and serine 42 exposes a new N-terminus that serves as a tethered ligand.
		Cleavage of PAR-1 by thrombin appears to be facilitated by the binding of thrombin to GP Ib in the GP Ib/IX/V complex.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/124/3_suppl/18S (4383 words)

	Thrombin Induces Apoptosis in Cultured Neurons and Astrocytes via a Pathway Requiring Tyrosine Kinase and RhoA ...
		Thrombin induces apoptosis in astrocytes; this is mediated by activation of the thrombin receptor.
		Thrombin induces apoptosis in hippocampal neurons; this is mediated by activation of the thrombin receptor.
		Grabham P, Cunningham DD (1995) Thrombin receptor activation stimulates astrocyte proliferation and reversal of stellation by distinct pathways: involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/17/14/5316 (7281 words)

	Thrombin cleaves recombinant human thrombopoietin: One of the proteolytic events that generates truncated forms ...
		by hirudin, indicating that the proteolysis was mediated by thrombin.
		was mediated by thrombin, we incubated rhTPO with the platelet
		rhTPO and that the cleavage is mediated by thrombin.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/94/9/4669 (4835 words)

	The Microglia-activating Potential of Thrombin: THE PROTEASE IS NOT INVOLVED IN THE INDUCTION OF PROINFLAMMATORY ...
		Thrombin preparations were allowed to interact with the inhibitor for 15–30 min before being used in substrate cleavage assays or cultures.
		Released cyto- and chemokine amounts were measured in the supernatants and expressed as percentage of the release obtained with thrombin in the absence of the inhibitor.
		The light and heavy chains of thrombin are indicated by light and dark gray shadows (according to Ref. 3).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/279/50/51880 (5193 words)

	Clinical Trial: Thrombin Generation and Thromboelastography in Non-Overt DIC
		Thrombin also induces cytokine production in monocytes and endothelial cells, an effect which is mediated by protease-activated receptors 1, 3, and 4 8,9.
		Markers of thrombin generation, such as prothrombin activation fragment f1.2 and thrombin-antithrombin complexes are not readily available in general hospital laboratories.
		The thrombin generation assay uses a chromogenic substrate for direct measurement of thrombin generation in whole blood or platelet rich plasma on a continuous basis during clot formation.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00299949 (4054 words)

	Protease-activated receptor 3 is a second thrombin receptor in humans
		The thrombin receptor's specificity for agonist peptide is defined by its extracellular surface.
		Lau, L. F., Pumiglia, K., Cote, Y. and Feinstein, M. Thrombin-receptor agonist peptides, in contrast to thrombin itself, are not full agonists for activation and signal transduction in human platelets in the absence of platelet-derived secondary mediators.
		Differential activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) by thrombin and thrombin receptor agonist peptide in human platelets, evidence for activation of cPLA2 independent of the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1/2.
	www.nature.com /doifinder/10.1038/386502a0 (789 words)

	Clinical Trial: Thrombin Generation in Neonates
		In fact, the impaired ability of newborn plasma to generate thrombin in the face of deficient prothrombin has been shown to be similar to adults who are being treated therapeutically with an anticoagulant (2).
		A thrombin generation curve (TGC) can be constructed from a sample of plasma and the area under the TGC, called the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), is a good indicator of the coagulability of the sample.
		An evaluation of the effects of a standard heparin dose on thrombin inhibition during cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00165906 (931 words)

	Activation of Endogenous Thrombin Receptors Causes Clustering and Sensitization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors of ...
		Thrombin stimulates the localization of EGF receptors to the actin arc in migrating Swiss 3T3 cells.
		EGF Receptors Induced to Aggregate by Thrombin on the Actin Arc Are Activatable by EGF
		transactivation by the thrombin receptor is not a universal
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/152/2/263 (5497 words)

	Vascular Contraction and Relaxation to Thrombin and Trypsin: Thrombomodulin Preferentially Attenuates Thrombin-Induced ...
		Thrombin and trypsin are two potent vasoactive peptides of the serine-protease family that activate protease-activated receptors
		Thrombomodulin, an endothelial transmembrane protein capable of binding thrombin, was studied for its ability to affect vasomotility.
		Hatton NW and Moar SL (1991) Comparison of the effects of heparin and hirudin on thrombin binding to the normal and the de-endothelialized rabbit aorta in vitro.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/295/1/284 (4228 words)

	Potentiation of NMDA Receptor Function by the Serine Protease Thrombin -- Gingrich et al. 20 (12): 4582 -- Journal of ...
		D, Thrombin treatment of recombinant NR1-1a subunits engineered to include a sequence encoding a myc tag at the N terminal and expressed in HEK cells (see Materials and Methods) detected with a myc antibody caused a similar molecular weight shift as for thrombin-treated neuronal receptors.
		Thrombin treatment of the same deletion construct engineered to express a thrombin cleavage site (LVPRGS) starting at residue 198 in exon 5 verified that thrombin was active in the experiment because a band corresponding to the predicted molecular weight for cleavage at exon 5 was observed.
		Butler MA, Traynelis SF (1996) Native and recombinant NMDA receptors are cleaved by the serine protease thrombin.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/20/12/4582 (8005 words)

	Thrombin-Induced Thromboxane Synthesis by Human Platelets : Properties of an Anion Binding Exosite I— Independent ...
		Thrombin-receptor agonist peptides, in contrast to thrombin itself, are not full agonists for activation and signal transduction in human platelets in the absence of platelet-derived secondary mediators.
		Involvement of the "tethered-ligand" receptor in thrombin inhibition of platelet adenylate cyclase.
		Alterations in individual molecular species of human platelet phospholipids during thrombin stimulation: electrospray ionization mass spectrometry-facilitated identification of the boundary conditions for the magnitude and selectivity of thrombin-induced platelet phospholipid hydrolysis.
	atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/17/12/3519 (5211 words)

	The central role of thrombin in blood coagulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The coagulation system is a complex interaction of several enzymes, cofactors and inhibitors in which thrombin is the âconductor of the orchestraâ, as it is involved in both coagulation, anticoagulation and fibrinolysis.
		Thus, thrombin has also an important role in the fibrinolytic process as it activates two proenzymes, FXIII and procarboxypeptidase U (proCPU) also known as Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI).
		The part of the thrombin molecule that is responsible for conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is called the active site.
	www.exanta.com /33338_33637.aspx?caid=33637 (545 words)

	Novel role of microtubules in thrombin-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction -- BIRUKOVA et al. 18 (15): 1879 -- The ...
		Graph represents quantitation of MLC phosphorylation by scanning densitometry of the membranes and is expressed in relative density units (RDU).
		Data are expressed as a ratio of the cell area covered by assembled MT or stress fibers to the whole cell area.
		C) Effect of Y27632 and thrombin on the levels of acetylated tubulin was detected by immunoblotting with antibody against acetylated tubulin followed by membrane reprobing with ß-tubulin antibody.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/18/15/1879 (5728 words)

	Thrombin definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Thrombin definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Thrombin: A key clot promoter, thrombin is an enzyme that presides over the conversion of a substance called fibrinogen to fibrin, the right stuff for a clot.
		MedicineNet does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5764 (92 words)

	Thrombostat Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Thrombin Topical - RxList Monographs
		Thrombostat Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Thrombin Topical - RxList Monographs
		The thrombin in Thrombin, Topical (Bovine Origin) THROMBIN-JMI
		For information on ordering Thrombostat Online, please click the "online pharmacy" link on the blue horizontal navigation bar at the top of every page.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic3/thrombin.htm (118 words)

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