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Topic: Thrombopoietin

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	Thrombopoietin	(sponsored)
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	Thrombopoietin -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Thombopoietin is the recently discovered (A conjugated protein having a carbohydrate component) glycoprotein (The secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect) hormone that regulates the production of (Tiny bits of protoplasm found in vertebrate blood; essential for blood clotting) platelets.
		Before its identification, its function has been hypothesized for as much as 30 years as being linked to the cell surface receptor c-mpl, and in older publications thrombopoietin is described as c-mpl ligand (the agent that binds to the c-mpl molecule).
		Thombopoietin regulates the differentiation of (A large bone marrow cell; regarded as the source of blood platelets) megakaryocytes and (Tiny bits of protoplasm found in vertebrate blood; essential for blood clotting) platelets.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/th/thrombopoietin.htm (193 words)

	Patent 6,776,984
		The thrombopoietin may be orally ingested by the patient, or may be administered by intravenous, intramuscular or intrathecal injection.
		The thrombopoietin may be human thrombopoietin, a fragment of human thrombopoietin, or a variant polypeptide of human thrombopoietin.
		The enhancement agent may be thrombopoietin which may be administered as a liquid or solid in the form of oral tablets, intravenous injection, intrathecal injection or intramuscular injection, depending upon the course of therapy followed.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents100/Yr2004/Aug2004/081704/6776984_Neuron081704.htm (2856 words)

	Megakaryocyte Growth and Development Factor: A Review of Early Clinical Studies -- Abraham and Basser 2 (5): 311 -- The ...
		Serum thrombopoietin level is not regulated by transcription but by the total counts of both megakaryocytes and platelets during thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis.
		Thrombopoietin is synergistic with other hematopoietic growth factors and physiologic platelet agonists for platelet activation in vitro.
		Thrombopoietin expands erythroid, granulocyte-macrophage, and megakaryocytic progenitor cells in normal and myelosuppressed mice.
	theoncologist.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/full/2/5/311 (3634 words)

	NIH Guide: THROMBOPOIETIN, MEGAKARYOCYTOPOIESIS AND PLATELET PRODUCTION
		The isolation of this cytokine proved to be a difficult task because of its low concentration in plasma and the lack of reliable assays.
		It is unknown whether or not thrombopoietin will be effective in raising platelet levels in humans specifically and safely.
		Thrombopoietin has moved from theory to reality, and from cloning to the clinic in three short years.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/pa-files/PA-98-014.html (2607 words)

	THROMBOPOIETIN FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Thrombopoietin is the recently discovered (1994) glycoprotein hormone that regulates the production of platelets.
		Thrombopoietin regulates the differentiation of megakaryocytes and platelets.
		Its negative feedback is different from most hormones in endocrinology: the effector regulates the hormone directly.
	www.bellabuds.com /thrombopoietin (137 words)

	Thrombopoietin Levels in Patients with Cirrhosis before and after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation -- Martin III et al. ...
		Thrombopoietin is a potent stimulator of megakaryocyte growth
		hypothesis is that synthesis of thrombopoietin is impaired in
		Human thrombopoietin levels are high when thrombocytopenia is due to megakaryocyte deficiency and low when due to increased platelet destruction.
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/127/4/285 (1999 words)

	Thrombopoietin concentrations are low in patients with cirrhosis and thrombocytopenia and are restored after orthotopic ...
		Thrombopoietin concentrations are low in patients with cirrhosis and thrombocytopenia and are restored after orthotopic liver transplantation -- Goulis et al.
		Thrombopoietin (TPO) levels are increased in patients with cirrhosis and do not appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia of cirrhosis [abstract].
		Thrombopoietin deficiency, DIC, thrombocyte consumption, and thrombocytopenia in cirrhosis [abstract].
	gut.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/44/5/754 (2697 words)

	NETSCAPE\tpo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This approximately 90 kd protein has recently been isolated and is comprised of an erythropoietin domain that is approximately 50% homologous to erythropoietin and a carbohydrate domain that is highly glycosylated and appears to stabilize the protein in the circulation.
		Thrombopoietin is produced in the liver and kidney, and blood levels are determined by the mass of circulating platelets.
		Thrombopoietin shows great promise in preventing the thrombocytopenia associated with chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, and other acute or chronic thrombocytopenic disorders.
	www.med.unipi.it /patchir/bloodl/bmr/tools/tools6/tpo.htm (314 words)

	Native Thrombopoietin: Structure and Function -- Kato et al. 16 (5): 322 -- Stem Cells
		Thrombopoietin enhances proliferation and differentiation of murine yolk sac erythroid progenitors.
		Thrombopoietin is not responsible for the thrombocytosis observed in patients with acute myeloid leukemias and the 3q21q26 syndrome.
		Refined chromosomal localization of the human thrombopoietin gene to 3q27-q28 and exclusion as the responsible gene for thrombocytosis in patients with rearrangements of 3q21 and 3q26.
	stemcells.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/full/16/5/322 (3838 words)

	Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin(TPO) - CYT-302
		Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 174 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 18608 Dalton which comprises the receptor binding domain of the Mpl-ligand protein.
		The role of thrombopoietin in the thrombocytopenia of patients with liver cirrhosis.
		Thrombopoietin and interleukin-6 in children with pneumonia-associated thrombocytosis.
	www.prospec.co.il /~prospec/cart/catalog/rHuTPO.html (340 words)

	Thrombopoietin
		The amino terminal 155 residues of thrombopoietin have 21 percent sequence identity and 46 percent overall sequence similarity with human erythropoietin.
		Thrombopoietin is synthesized and immediately released as and when required like erythropoiesis.
		In all three studies, platelet counts returned to base line significantly faster, and in two of the three studies the nadir platelet counts were higher, in the patients given thrombopoietin than in those given placebo or in the same patients during their first cycle of chemotherapy.
	www.priory.com /med/thrombo.htm (2232 words)

	Search Taxonomic Key Program (TKP) at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University
		CD110 is the receptor for thrombopoietin and upon binding, megakaryocyte proliferation and differentiation is induced and stem cells are protected from apoptosis.
		The thrombopoietin receptor (TPOR) was originally defined as the cellular counterpart of the myeloproliferative leukemia (MPL) virus oncogene capable of immortalizing bone marrow hematopoietic cells from different lineages.
		Thrombopoietin was revealed as a ligand by virtue of its stimulatory activity on a cell line expressing thrombopoietin receptor.
	www.vetmed.wsu.edu /tkp/report.aspx?ID=139 (613 words)

	Involvement of Protein Kinase C-epsilon in Signal Transduction of Thrombopoietin in Enhancement of ...
		Kaushansky K, Lin N, Grossmann A, Humes J, Sprugel KH and Boudy VC (1996) Thrombopoietin expands erythroid, granulocyte-macrophage, and megakaryocytic progenitor cells in normal and myelosuppressed mice.
		Ku H, Yonemura Y, Kaushansky K and Ogawa M (1996) Thrombopoietin, the ligand for the Mpl receptor, synergizes with steel factor and other early acting cytokines in supporting proliferation of primitive hematopoietic progenitors of mice.
		Sitnicka E, Lin N, Priesthy GV, Fox N, Broudy VC, Wol NS and Kaushansky K (1996) The effect of thrombopoietin on the proliferation and differentiation of murine hematopoietic stem cells.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/297/3/868 (4689 words)

	Thrombopoietin and Chemokine mRNA Expression in Patient Post-Chemotherapy and In Vitro Cytokine-Treated Marrow Stromal ...
		Concentrations of thrombopoietin in bone marrow in normal subjects and in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, aplastic anemia, and essential thrombocythemia correlate with its mRNA expression of bone marow stromal cells.
		Thrombopoietin is synthesized by bone marrow stromal cells.
		Reduced expression of thrombopoietin is involved in thrombocytopenia in human and rat liver cirrhosis.
	stemcells.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/full/18/5/331 (5072 words)

	Abstract number: P315 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Thrombopoietin stimulates platelet activation in the presence of platelet agonists.
		Thus, we have determined the effects of thrombopoietin on platelet activation and thrombosis formation in irradiated C57BL6/J mice and whether the use of ticlopidine, an anti-platelet drug, could reduce thrombopoietin-induced platelet activation and promote long term survival.
		In summary, thrombopoietin increases platelet reactivity in irradiated mice which, in turn, promotes thrombosis but the use of ticlopidine is efficient to counteract this adverse effect of thrombopoietin.
	www.schattauer.de /abstracts/absP315.html (281 words)

	Hormones of the Liver (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		How angiotensin is manufactured, and the role it plays in maintaining blood pressure is described in the discussion of renin.
		Thrombopoietin is a protein of 332 amino acids.
		A segment of thrombopoietin, manufactured by recombinant DNA technology, is now available for human therapy.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/L/LiverHormones.html (394 words)

	Adenovector-Mediated Expression of Human Thrombopoietin cDNA in Immune-Compromised Mice: Insights into the ...
		Thrombopoietin and its alternatively spliced form are expressed in human amygdala and hippocampus.
		Human thrombopoietin levels are high when thrombopoietin is due to megakaryocyte deficiency and low when due to increased platelet destruction.
		Thrombopoietin, but not erythropoietin, directly stimulates multilineage growth of primitive murine bone marrow progenitor cells in synergy with early acting cytokines: distinct interactions with the ligands for c-kit and FLT3.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/160/2/691 (6058 words)

	Kiladjian et al.: PRESENT CONTROVERSIES ABOUT THROMBOPOIETIN AND ITS RECEPTOR c-mpl IN ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA (ET) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Thrombopoietin measurement in thrombocytosis: dysregulation and lack of feedback inhibition in essential thrombocythaemia.
		Moliterno A. Hankins W. and Spivak J. Impaired expression of the thrombopoietin receptor by platelets from patients with polycythemia vera.
		Wiestner A., Schlemper R., van der Maas A and Skoda R. An activating splice donor mutation in the thrombopoietin gene causes hereditary thrombocythaemia.
	www.medizin.uni-koeln.de /projekte/ewg-mpd/rotterdam/kiladjian.htm (500 words)

	Thrombopoietin Induces Association of Crkl With STAT5 But Not STAT3 in Human Platelets -- Ozaki et al. 92 (12): 4652 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		that thrombopoietin induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Crkl in
		Platelets were lysed at the indicated times after thrombopoietin treatment by the addition of an equal amount of a buffer containing 2% Triton X-100 before and after exposure to thrombopoietin (100 ng/mL).
		Crkl immunoprecipitates from thrombopoietin (100 ng/mL for 1 minute) -treated platelets of CML patients contain a tyrosine-phosphorylated 95- to 100-kD protein that is also recognized by an anti-STAT5 MoAb.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/92/12/4652 (5322 words)

	Thrombocytopenia in Liver Transplant Recipients: Role of Endogenous Thrombopoietin. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Thrombocytopenia is a frequent and potentially serious compli-cation in liver transplant recipients.
		Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a potent physiologic regulator of platelet production and has been shown to be effective in ameliorating thrombocytopenia in a number of nontransplant settings.
		Thrombocytopenia after liver transplantation was not related to low thrombopoietin levels.
	www.a-s-t.org /library/abstracts99/748.htm (245 words)

	Recent Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Thrombopoietin and erythropoietin acivate inside-out signal of integrin and enhance adhesion to immobilized fibronectin in human growth-factor-dependent hematopoietic cells.
		Thrombopoietin and interleukin-3 are chemotactic and chemokinetic chemoattractants for a factor-dependent hematopoietic progenitor cell line.
		Ritchie, A., Gotoh, A., Gaddy, J., Braun, S., and Broxmeyer, H.E. Thrombopoietin upregulates the promoter conformation of p53 in a proliferation independent manner coincident with a decreased expression of Bax: Potential mechanisms for survival enhancing effects.
	www.iupui.edu /~woc/Recent_Publications/recent_publications.html (10751 words)

	Thrombopoietin: Biology and Clinical Applications -- Kuter 1 (1): 98 -- The Oncologist
		A rabbit was made thrombocytopenic by the administration of busulfan on Day 0 and platelet counts and thrombopoietin levels measured thereafter, as described in [41].
		Recombinant thrombopoietin induces rapid protein tyrosine phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 and Shc in human blood platelets.
		Thrombopoietin, the Mpl ligand, is essential for full megakaryocyte development.
	theoncologist.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/full/1/1/98 (4156 words)

	Serum thrombopoietin levels in haemodialysis patients: involvement of arteriovenous fistula -- Altun et al. 14 (9): ...
		Cardier JE, Dempsey J. Thrombopoietin and its receptor, c-mpl are constituvely expressed by mouse liver endothelial cells: evidence of thrombopoietin as a growth factor for liver endothelial cells.
		Thrombopoietin alone stimulates thee early proliferation and survival of human erythroid, myeloid and multipotential progenitors in serum free culture.
		Thrombopoietin in thrombocytopenic mice: Evidence against regulaton at mRNA level and for a direct regulatory role of platelets.
	ndt.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/14/9/2173 (2684 words)

	Research Program of Abkowitz and Associates
		Thrombopoietin initiates its biological activities by binding to a specific receptor, Mpl.
		Broudy VC, Lin NL, Kaushansky K: Thrombopoietin (c-mpl ligand) acts synergistically with erythropoietin, stem cell factor and IL-11 to enhance murine megakaryocyte colony growth and increases megakaryocyte ploidy in vitro.
		Sabath DF, Lin N, Kaushansky K, Sabath DE, Broudy VC: Tyrosine 462 of the membrane-proximal F’-G’ loop of murine Mpl is not essential for high-affinity binding of thrombopoietin.
	depts.washington.edu /hemeweb/research/broudy.htm (352 words)

	Thrombopoietin regulates proliferation, apoptosis, secretory activity and intracellular messengers in porcine ovarian ...
		Thrombopoietin regulates proliferation, apoptosis, secretory activity and intracellular messengers in porcine ovarian follicular cells: involvement of protein kinase A -- Sirotkin et al.
		Thrombopoietin regulates proliferation, apoptosis, secretory activity and intracellular messengers in porcine ovarian follicular cells: involvement of protein kinase A
		Thrombopoietin (TPO) is known to be involved in megakariocytopoesis,
	joe.endocrinology-journals.org /cgi/content/abstract/183/3/595 (386 words)

	Thrombopoietin: The Novel Hepatic Hormone -- Wolber and Jelkmann 17 (1): 6 -- Physiology
		Simplified model of hematopoiesis, indicating growth factors (TPO, thrombopoietin; SCF, stem cell factor; IL, interleukin; CSF, colony stimulating factor; EPO, erythropoietin) in control of viability, proliferation, and differentiation of hemopoietic stem and progenitor cells (CFU, colony-forming unit; BFU, burst-forming unit) of megakaryocytes (Meg), granulocytes (G), monocytes (M), and erythrocytes (E).
		Klinger MH and Jelkmann W. Subcellular localization of thrombopoietin in human blood platelets and its release upon thrombin stimulation.
		The role of platelet alpha-granular proteins in the regulation of thrombopoietin messenger RNA expression in human bone marrow stromal cells.
	physiologyonline.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/17/1/6 (2419 words)

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