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Topic: Thrust vectoring

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	Thrust Vectoring - DutchOps.com powered
		Thrust vectoring can be decribed as the ability of an aircraft to direct thrust, produced by its main engine(s), in a direction that is different than parallel to the aircraft's longitudinal axis.
		Basically this means that aircraft that do not utilize thrust vectoring have to rely on aerodynamic control surface deflection, while aircraft that actually do use thrust vectoring depend on control surface operation to a lesser extent.
		The exhaust from this fan is deflected by a thrust vectoring nozzle to provide the appropriate combination of lift and propulsive thrust during transition.
	www.dutchops.com /Portfolio_Marcel/Articles/Engines/Thrust_Vectoring.htm (460 words)

	Thrust vectoring - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thrust vectoring is the ability of an aircraft or other vehicle to direct the thrust from its main engine(s) in a direction other than parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal axis.
		Thrust vectoring is also used as a control mechanism for airships, particularly modern non-rigid airships.
		Widespread use of thrust vectoring for maneuverability in a Western fighter aircraft would have to wait for the 21st century, and the deployment of the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor fifth-generation jet fighter, with its afterburning, thrust-vectoring Pratt and Whitney F119 turbofan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thrust_vectoring (876 words)

	Travis Burke (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A jet with thrust vectoring can perform a maneuver called the “helicopter” where it is in a controlled flat spin while the nose of the fighter, hence its gun, remains on its target.
		military to investigate the uses of thrust vectoring within the last decade.
		said this about the thrust vectoring system, “the bottom line is you have a greatly increased capability to survive and kill with this system.” (Ashley, 63) Thrust vectoring is a technology worth the money and ready for the next step; implementation in front line fighters.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/t/m/tmb935/thrust_vectoring.html (1468 words)

	Fluidic Thrust Vectoring
		Thrust vectoring is a technique whereby the orientation of the primary exhaust jet from a propulsive unit is varied in order to provide useful aircraft control moments.
		On the other hand, fluidic thrust vectoring systems use a secondary air jet to control the direction of the primary jet.
		The resulting thrust vector force generated on the reaction surface can then be used to provide useful moments for aircraft control.
	www.geocities.com /m_mason007/home.html (247 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org \| Ask Us - Axisymmetric & Thrust Vectoring Nozzles
		Two-dimensional nozzles, on the other hand, are capable of not only directing the thrust along the axis of the engine, but can deflect to vector the thrust and produce a force that points the nose of the plane in a different direction.
		This type of nozzle is at the heart of what is known as thrust vectoring.
		I suppose a nozzle that deflected thrust left or right would also be considered a 2D nozzle, so long as it was not capable of deflecting up and down as well.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /question/propulsion/q0095.shtml (356 words)

	Air & Space Magazine \| Military Aviation \| Birth of the Kulbit
		The idea of thrust vectoring dates to the early 1980s, when Wolfgang Herbst of the German aerospace group Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB) envisioned a new class of aircraft that could maintain complete control while flying at airspeeds and angles of attack that would stall most aircraft.
		Thrust vectoring may someday give pilots the edge in actual dogfights, but in the meantime the technology has become a top crowd-pleaser at airshows.
		One move possible only with thrust vectoring is the Kulbit, a somersault performed with the airplane at a full stall, and executed in the smallest possible forward and vertical distance.
	www.airspacemag.com /military-aviation/Birth_of_the_Kulbit.html (1234 words)

	Thrust - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The forward thrust is proportional to the (mass of the air) multiplied by (average velocity of the airstream).
		The resulting thrust pushes the ship in the equal and opposite direction to the sum of the momentum change in the water flowing through the propeller.
		A rocket (and all mass attached to it) is propelled forward by a thrust force equal to, and opposite of, the time-rate of momentum change experienced by the exhaust mass accelerating out from the combustion chamber through the rocket nozzle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thrust (326 words)

	Thrust vectoring and reversing nozzle - Patent # H1024 - PatentGenius
		Thrust reversal may be used to selectively divert normally axially flowing, rearwardly directed exhaust gases from the engine in orderto provide enhanced thrust vectoring, braking, in-flight maneuverability and lift for the aircraft and short take-off and landing capability.
		Vectoring flap 35 is most preferably generally flat in structure and may assume any appropriate cross-sectional shape, such as the aerodynamic cross section suggested in FIG.
		Vectoring flap 61 may ordinarily require seals 69,70 on either side in order to provide an adequate seal at the sidewalls of the nozzle when vectoring flap 61 is in the thrustreversal position.
	www.patentgenius.com /patent/H1024.html (1572 words)

	Evaluation of Exhaust Flows From Thrust-Vectoring Nozzles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The thrust stand is of a multiaxis design that affords capabilities for measuring all components of thrust and moment vectors.
		The development of both the thrust stand and the air-supply manifold has made it possible to perform accurate research on thrust vectoring with small-scale nozzles.
		The primary immediate objectives of the cold-jet tests are to (1) attempt to reproduce the flight-measured vector plume angles and (2) evaluate and determine the locations and number of internal nozzle pressure sensors needed to measure in-flight pressure distributions accurately.
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/Dec98/DRC9749.html (1048 words)

	Raptor redefines maneuverability
		Thrust vectoring is controlled by the pilot through the flight controls and gets the F-22 quickly from one maneuver to another.
		The thrust vectoring nozzles on the two engines are controlled by the same flight control system that operates the horizontal tails, rudders and wing surfaces.
		Thrust vectoring maneuverability, once reserved only for test pilots, will now be available to the combat air forces, Harris said.
	www.af.mil /news/story.asp?storyID=82702177 (568 words)

	Project Merlin
		The thrust vectoring will allow us to fly at much higher angles of attack and lower speeds but traditional control surfaces (ailerons and elevator) lose their effectiveness at higher angles of attack.
		Thrust vectoring gives the operator or controlling computer the ability to control the direction of the exhaust gases flowing out of the engine nozzle.
		The thrust vectoring on Aesalon is expected to lower the minimum speed of the aircraft by approximately 15 mph.
	www.engr.wisc.edu /studentorgs/floatn/merlin/aircraft_design.htm (1762 words)

	NASA - ACTIVE Home Page - Thrust vectoring technology
		During thrust vectoring test points, the test pilot established the prescribed flight condition and engaged an ACTIVE dataset to command the proper combination and amplitude of open-loop flight control and vectoring inputs.
		Vector rate was also increased to the maximum allowed by the nozzle controller (varying as a function of flight condition).
		All vector and area ratio commands are limited by the NC not to exceed allowable vector force, actuator loads, and kinematic limits.
	www.nasa.gov /lb/centers/dryden/history/pastprojects/Active/pub_online/setp_d6.html (7910 words)

	Virtual On Fan (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fig.1 illustrates the basic theory behind thrust vectoring - respond to enemy thrust directions by initiating a perpendicular thrust of your own, and if possible, heading towards the enemy's original location.
		By so doing, the enemy's vector relative to yours is backwards, and your vector relative to the enemy's is sideways.
		It is therefore up to the reader to experiment with and practise thrust vectoring in order for it to be of any use in gameplay.
	www.virtualon.net /vofan/vofan-vectoring.htm (575 words)

	Spotting Group Volkel - AIM
		Met thrust vectoring kan de neus vooral bij lage snelheden veel beter en sneller gericht worden.
		Een ander voordeel van thrust vectoring is dat het vliegtuig bij lage snelheden sneller stuurt.
		Yaw thrust vectoring wordt bestuurd met het voetenstuur, en is alleen mogelijk beneden 250 knots.
	www.sgvolkel.nl /aim/vb_td.htm (3372 words)

	Four Poster Thrust Vectoring of a Pure VTOL Aircraft
		Nozzles of each engine had a single circular cascade-type thrust deflector which rotated on the 45 degree axis for thrust vectoring, thus, defining a two poster arrangement.
		It uses thrust vectoring to fly vertically and horizontally.
		The use of two high by-pass ducted fans and vectoring their thrust instead of tilting is believed to be the best choice for this configuration.
	www.kulikovair.com /VTOL.htm (592 words)

	Electronic Aviation - Articles - Introduction to Thrust Vectoring
		Thrust Vectoring is the technology that will make our fighter jets true rulers of the air, not just on bombing runs, but air-to-air combat, better know as ?Dog Fighting?.
		Thrust Vectoring can also be used to overcome flight limitations in bomb runs, and maintain maneuverability even with the additional bomb load.
		Thrust vectoring can also allow for greater thrust expansion ratios by allowing the pilot to control the exhaust exit area independently of the throat of the engine?s exhaust.
	www.electronicaviation.com /articles/Military/146 (1490 words)

	Russ Smith
		Thrust vectoring is the ability of an aircraft or other vehicle to direct the thrust from its main engine(s) in a direction other than parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal axis.
		Subsequently it was realised that the use of vectored thrust in combat situations enabled an aircraft to perform various maneuvers not available to conventional-engined planes.
		The exhaust from this fan is deflected by a thrust vectoring nozzle, as is the main engine exhaust, to provide the appropriate combination of lift and propulsive thrust during transition.
	www.russ-smith.de (646 words)

	Thrust Vectoring in the Real World
		However, thrust vectoring allowed the F-16 to employ that portion of the flight envelope between the normal AOA limiter and the AOA for maximum lift (around thirty-five degrees AOA).
		Thrust vectoring and post-stall maneuvering did improve the F-16's air-to-air capability as airspeeds decreased and as the one-vs-one neutral setups progressed to offensive or defensive positions.
		The pilots of the 422nd commented that while thrust vectoring would never be a substitute for a good understanding of basic air-to-air fighting skills, the capability significantly improves the airplane's lethality.
	www.defence.pk /forums/military-aviation/8735-thrust-vectoring-real-world.html (1837 words)

	STAR WARS: Sublight Propulsion
		However the thrust stream of a large commercial or naval vessel may be lethal to a starfighter: a fighter entering a star destroyer's trail within viewing distance of the ship might be torn apart and lethally irradiated instantaneously.
		Thrust vectoring may be limited by the capabilities of the componentry, or by obstructive by parts of the ship.
		In vector terms, the torque is a cross-product of the force and the separation between its point of action and the centre of mass: τ = r × F.
	www.theforce.net /swtc/propulsion.html (6907 words)

	Axisymmetric nozzle with gimbled unison ring - Patent 5261605
		Such thrust vectoring nozzle configurations have typically not been adaptable to the axisymmetric nozzles described hereinabove and further are usually limited to redirecting exhaust gas in only a single plane.
		An additional drawback of prior art vectoring nozzle has been the increased weight of the actuators and exhaust gas directing surfaces at the aftmost portion of the exhaust duct and aircraft, thus adding additional weight at the most undesirable location in the aircraft due to stability and balance considerations.
		What is needed is a thrust vectoring exhaust duct design which is adaptable to both convergent-divergent exhaust arrangements as well as lightweight, axisymmetric configurations.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5261605.html (1703 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Thrust vectoring should give the plane better controllability at alphas up to 70 degrees.
		The thrust vectoring system has been installed on the NASA aircraft to expand high-alpha maneuvering capability.
		The thrust vectoring system and control laws that operate it through the computerized flight control system were designed and built by McDonnell Aircraft Co., St. Louis.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/missions/status/r91-123 (462 words)

	F-16 Versions - F-16 VISTA / MATV / NF-16D
		Thrust vectoring provides a significant advantage in terms of bringing armament to bear on a threat more quickly and in avoiding the risk of departure from controlled flight during violent maneuvers.
		The heart of the VISTA is its Axisymmetric Vectoring Exhaust Nozzle (AVEN), which is attached to the exhaust of the aircraft's General Electric F110-GE-100 engine.
		The AVEN achieves the required thrust vectoring within the divergent (supersonic flow) portion of the nozzle, which prevents pressure fluctuations from being fed back into the engine where they could cause a compressor stall.
	www.f-16.net /f-16_versions_article19.html (1155 words)

	X-31 Enhanced Fighter Maneuverability
		Three thrust vectoring paddles made of graphite epoxy and mounted on the X-31's aft fuselage are directed into the engine exhaust plume to provide control in pitch (up and down) and yaw (right and left) to improve maneuverability.
		The Vectoring Extremely Short Take-Off and Landing Control Tailless Operation Research (VECTOR) program is a low-cost, highly leveraged approach to developing and demonstrating thrust vectoring and supporting technologies to enable complete flight control/engine/thrust vectoring integration for ESTOL and tailless flight.
		For three years, the VECTOR test team had been working to demonstrate the viability of thrust vectoring for extremely short takeoff and landing, using the unique X-31 as a test bed for the concept.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/aircraft/x-31.htm (2021 words)

	Su-37
		The Su-37 is a super-maneuverable thrust vectoring fighter derived from an Su-35 prototype.
		Another used the thrust vectoring to flip the Su-37 onto it's back, and then to rotate it upright and continue in the opposite direction.
		After 'pausing', thrust vectoring completes the kulbit (a 360 deg somersault) with a nose down angle of 30 deg and an exit speed of 60 kmh.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/russia/su-37.htm (691 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The vectored thrust modification to NASA's F/A-18 High-Alpha Research Vehicle will let Ames-Dryden pilots obtain data about the behavior of air over the aircraft's body and wings at higher angles-of-attack than previously attempted in the research program.
		NASA program officials stress that the thrust vectoring system is designed solely to provide test capabilities for low- speed high-alpha research and is not a prototype or a production model being tested for operational use on the F/A-18 or any other aircraft.
		The thrust vectoring system and control laws were designed and built by McDonnell Aircraft Co., St. Louis.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/missions/status/r90-136 (543 words)

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