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| | History |
 | | This situation continued until the 9th century and the dissolution of the Empire under the grandsons of Charlemagne. |
 | | Between 900-11, largely because the central royal authority failed to stem the tide of invading Magyars (Hungarians) and Normans, the Alemannians were able to become an independent "stem-duchy", organized, like those of the Bavarii, Franks, Saxons and Thuringii, around the people of an historic tribe. |
 | | As in all the duchies, the dukes were those who proved they could meet the military demands of those anarchic times. |
| web.quipo.it /minola/swabian/history.htm (1686 words) |
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