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	Thwaites Ice Tongue - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Thwaites Ice Tongue (74°00′ S 108°30′ W) is a large sheet of glacial ice and snow extending from the Antarctic mainland into the southern Amundsen Sea.
		On 15 March 2002, the National Ice Center reported that an iceberg named B-22 broke off from the ice tongue.
		As of 2003, B-22 had broken into five pieces, with B-22A still in the vicinity of the tongue, while the other pieces were much smaller and had drifted considerably west.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thwaites_Ice_Tongue (143 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Archive Search
		Ice shelves are floating plates of ice up to 800 metres thick that are still attached to the bedrock of continents and which form when large glaciers flow toward the ocean in polar areas.
		Because the Larsen B iceshelf and the Thwaites ice tongue were already floating, their disintegration will have no impact on sea levels which will only rise if the ice held back on land by the ice shelf flows more quickly onto the sea.
		Though it appears to be solid, the ice is actually in a constant state of flux, with melting ice at the margins being replaced by glacial movements from the interior of the continent.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Archive/Article/0,4273,4377526,00.html (1171 words)

	Telegraph \| News \| Giant ice sheet's break-up 'is a warning to world'
		Ice shelves are an extension of the Antarctic's ground ice.
		The berg, named B-22, escaped from the Thwaites ice tongue in the Amundsen Sea and is more than 40 miles wide and 53 miles long.
		Although the break-up of ice shelves in the peninsula will have little effect on sea levels, the destruction of other shelves could increase the flow of water off the Antarctic and into the sea.
	news.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2002/03/20/wice20.xml (703 words)

	SCP Images and Movies
		The variations in sea ice show the circulation patterns and are due to the snow cover, thickness, and history of the ice since formation.
		Antarctica is overed with a thick ice sheet which appears very bright in the image due to snow crust and refrozen ice in the snow cover.
		The white, rectangular object in the ice pack on the lower left of the image is the the B10A 50 km x 100 km "super-berg" which broke off the Thwaites ice tongue in 1995 and circulate in the sea-ice pack until breaking up north of South Georia Island in Jan. 2000.
	www.scp.byu.edu /gallery.html (903 words)

	Antarctica shelf breaks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In contrast, the Larsen ice shelf is on the Antarctic Peninsula and extends about 1,000 miles closer to the tip of South America than the rest of the Antarctic continent.
		The next portion of the ice shelf is known as Larsen C. It is losing stability and could suffer the same fate in the coming years if the warming trend continues, researchers said.
		And even larger ice shelves elsewhere on the continent's coastline may be just a few summertime degrees away from the same fate.
	www.press-enterprise.com /newsarchive/2002/03/20/1016604792.html (649 words)

	global_warmingb.page
		Ted Scambos of the National Snow and Ice Data Center notified NIC of a large crack in the Thwaites Tongue, discovered by Jennifer Bohlander using NASA's MODIS data from February 10, 2001.
		“The shattered ice formed a plume of thousands of icebergs adrift in the Weddell Sea,” the center said, adding that over the past five years, Larsen B lost nearly twice that amount and is now about 40 percent the size of what it used to be.
		Ted Scambos, a glaciologist with the National Snow and Ice Data Center, said in a statement that the Larsen B collapse “gave us the information we need to reassess the stability of ice shelves around the rest of the Antarctic continent.
	www.geocities.com /loqutus15/global_warmingb (584 words)

	Iceberg B-22 Calves Off Thwaites Ice Tongue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		NIC) confirms an iceberg newly calved from the Thwaites Ice Tongue, a large sheet of glacial ice and snow extending from the Antarctic mainland into the southern Amundsen Sea.
		The National Ice Center is a tri-agency operational center represented by the United States Navy (Department of Defense); the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Department of Commerce); and the United States Coast Guard (Department of Transportation).
		The National Ice Center mission is to provide world-wide operational ice analyses for the armed forces of the United States and allied nations, U.S. government agencies, and the private sector.
	www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov /releases2002/mar02/noaa02026.html (283 words)

	History of Antarctica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		However, ice packs prevented Cook and his men from seeing the actual continent, which was smaller than had long been thought.
		He also mapped the Ross Ice Shelf, which was later named for him.
		The ice shelf was 200 metres thick and had a surface area of 3,250 square kilometers.
	hallencyclopedia.com /History_of_Antarctica (1248 words)

	B-10A Enters Cape Horn Shipping Lanes
		B-10, the "parent" iceberg from which B-10A formed, was once a piece of the Thwaites Ice Tongue, an extension of the Thwaites Glacier.
		Ice shelves and outlet glaciers, which move seaward on a decadal time scale, are floating extensions of a grounded ice sheet.
		When an ice shelf or an outlet glacier extends far enough seaward to be affected by tides and currents, a tabular or irregular piece calves and floats away.
	www.spacewar.com /news/icebergs-99a.html (425 words)

	WINDS: Images and Animations: Icebergs
		The white, rectangular object in the ice pack on the lower left of the image is a 100-kilometer by 50-kilometer "super iceberg" that broke off the Thwaites ice tongue and is now circulating in the sea-ice pack.
		Antarctica is covered with a thick ice sheet which appears very bright in the image because of the way the snow crust and refrozen ice reflect the scatterometer's radar signal.
		Details visible in the glacial ice cover show the locations of ice "hills" and "valleys" that give scientists new information about how the ice is flowing under the surface.
	winds.jpl.nasa.gov /imagesAnim/images.cfm?pageName=ImagesAnim&subPageName=Icebergs&Image=arctic (357 words)

	Encyclopedia: History of Antarctica
		Map of Ross Island Ross Island is a volcanic island in the Ross Sea by Antarctica, on the coast of Victoria Land.
		The ice shelf was 200 metres thick and had a surface area of 3,250 square kilometres.
		Larsen iceshelves marked in red The Larsen Ice Shelf (67Â°30â€² S 062Â°30â€² W) is a long, fringing ice shelf in the northwest part of the Weddell Sea, extending along the east coast of Antarctic Peninsula from Cape Longing to the area just southward of Hearst Island.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/History-of-Antarctica (3345 words)

	Antarctic ice shelf caves in at rapid rate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A part of the Larsen B ice shelf in Antarctica, which collapsed with astonishing rapidity according to British scientists, is shown on March 8 from the British Antarctic Survey ship, James Clark Ross.
		The ice shelf had a surface area of about 1,250 square miles and was 650 feet thick before it collapsed into small icebergs.
		The iceberg — designated B-22 — broke free from the Thwaites Ice Tongue, a peninsula of ice and snow extending into the Amundsen Sea on the other side of the Antarctic Peninsula.
	www.reddingemployment.com /newsarchive/20020320world033.shtml (774 words)

	MISR Image Gallery
		The Thwaites Ice Tongue is a large sheet of glacial ice extending from the West Antarctic mainland into the southern Amundsen Sea.
		A large crack in the Thwaites Tongue was discovered in imagery from Terra's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS).
		The breakup of ice near the shelf edge, in the area surrounding B-22, is also visible in the later image.
	www-misr.jpl.nasa.gov /gallery/galhistory/2002_mar_27a.html (283 words)

	EO DAAC Study: Disintegration of the Ninnis Glacier Tongue
		Situated along the eastern coast of the Antarctic Ice Sheet south of Tasmania, the King George V Land coast is characterized by embayments and large floating ice sheets that jut out from the coast, including the Ninnis and Mertz Glacier Tongues.
		Floating glacier tongues act as obstacles to sea ice drift, provide anchor points for fast ice, and contribute to the formation of polynyas — open-water areas surrounded by sea ice.
		Massom plans to continue using satellite data to monitor long-term sea ice response to the change in coastal configuration and the presence of the two large icebergs.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Study/Ninnis (1441 words)

	Cathart: ::: Commentaries, insights, catharsis Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A vast ice shelf in Antarctica has collapsed and is now floating freely in the Amundsen Sea south of the Pacific Ocean, scientists say.
		The collapse was first spotted earlier this month by US satellites, after sections began to break off from the Thwaites Ice Tongue.
		Larsen B has been of concern to scientists for some years, as it is believed to be suffering the effects of global warming.
	www.thewatermanchronicles.co.nz /mt/archives/cat__commentaries_insights_catharsis.html (402 words)

	MISR Image Gallery - List Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Shattered Ice Shelf - The disintegrating Larsen B ice shelf on March 7, 2002.
		Icebergs Adrift - A large crack widens in the Thwaites Ice Tongue on March 10 and 24, 2002.
		Antarctica - The Ross Ice Shelf and the Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica at twilight on February 24, 2000.
	eosweb.larc.nasa.gov /HPDOCS/misr/misr_html/misr_gallery_index.html (4370 words)

	The Antarctic Sun: Icebergs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Larsen B Ice Shelf on the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula had been in place since the end of the last ice age about 12,000 years ago.
		It returns the Ross Ice Shelf to the size it was in 1911, when it was mapped by Scott’s party.
		Stress fractures near the eastern tip of the Drygalski Ice Tongue and along the entire western base have become more evident.
	polar.org /antsun/oldissues2002-2003/Sun102702/icetimeline-t.html (328 words)

	History of Antarctica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Captain James Cook and the crews of the Resolution and Adventure crossed the Antarctic Circle three times between 1772 and 1775, dispelling the myth of Terra Australis, although ice packs prevented him from seeing the continent itself.
		Then Shackelton and five others crossed the Southern Ocean, in an open boat called the James Caird, and then trekked over South Georgia to raise the alarm at the whaling station Grytviken.
		In March 2002 the 2,120 square statute mile Iceberg B-22 broke off from the Thwaites Ice Tongue and the Larsen B ice shelf on the Antarctic Peninsula shattered into small fragments.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/h/hi/history_of_antarctica.html (986 words)

	The National Ice Center - Press Relase
		March 15, 2002, Washington D.C.-- The National Ice Center (NIC) confirms an iceberg newly calved from the Thwaites Ice Tongue (Figures 1 & 2).
		National Snow and Ice Data Center scientist Dr. Ted Scambos notified NIC of a large crack in the Thwaites Tongue discovered by Jennifer Bohlander (also of NSIDC) using MODIS data from February 10th, 2001.
		The National Ice Center is a tri-agency operational center represented by the United States Navy (Department of Defense); the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Department of Commerce); and the United States Coast Guard (Department of Homeland Security).
	www.natice.noaa.gov /press_release/b-22.htm (356 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The image shows variations in the ice sheet, as well as a "super-iceberg" that broke off the Thwaites ice tongue and is now circulating in the sea-ice pack.
		The false color image is being used by scientists to identify types of vegetation on the surface which allows them to differentiate between areas of tropical rainforest and regions of woodlands and savanna.
		This resolution is too coarse for most land and ice studies, but through computer processing of the data, Long is able to produce images with a resolution of 8 kilometers (4.8 miles) or better.
	www2.jpl.nasa.gov /files/releases/nsland.txt (710 words)

	Antartic Studies :: MERS -- BYU
		Scatterometers observe the ice from a variety of incidence angles, further enhancing the utility of the radar data.
		Knowledge of the ice characteristics is of crucial import in modeling the interaction of the ocean and atmosphere in the polar regions and in evaluating the Earth's heat balance.
		A large (100x60 km) white iceburg which broke of the Thwaites ice tongue is visible on image left.
	www.ee.byu.edu /ee/mers/Antarc.html (1123 words)

	Thwaites Ice Tongue -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Thwaites Ice Tongue -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		On 15 March 2002, the (Click link for more info and facts about National Ice Center) National Ice Center reported that an (A large mass of ice floating at sea; usually broken off of a polar glacier) iceberg named B-22 broke off from the ice tongue.
		(Click link for more info and facts about As of 2003) As of 2003, B-22 had broken into five pieces, with B-22A still in the vicinity of the tongue, while the other pieces were much smaller and had drifted considerably west.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/th/thwaites_ice_tongue.htm (121 words)

	Antarctic ice shelf collapses: 3/20/02
		An enormous floating ice shelf in Antarctica that has existed since the last Ice Age 12,000 years ago collapsed this month with staggering speed during one of the warmest summers on record there, scientists say.
		The iceberg -- designated B-22 -- broke free from the Thwaites Ice Tongue, a peninsula of ice and snow extending into the Amundsen Sea on the other side of the Antarctic Penninsula.
		B-22 is about 53 miles long and 40 miles wide, about the size of Delaware, according to the National Ice Center operated by the Navy.
	www.southcoasttoday.com /daily/03-02/03-20-02/a02wn013.htm (690 words)

	Iceberg Poses Threat to Mariners in the Southern Ocean, National Ice Center Reports
		The National Ice Center, located in Suitland, Maryland, is a tri-agency operational activity with representation from the U.S. Navy, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the U.S. Coast Guard.
		Its mission is to provide world-wide operational sea ice analyses and forecasts tailored to meet the requirements of U.S. national interests.
		For example, A-38 is the 38th iceberg the ice center has found in the Antarctica in Quadrant A. Note to Editors: A map of Antarctica depicting the trajectory of B-10, with a superimposed RADARSAT image can be found on the World Wide Web at:
	www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov /releases99/aug99/noaa99r319.html (534 words)

	CNN.com - New giant iceberg adrift near Antarctica - March 19, 2002
		The iceberg -- designated B-22 --broke off from the Thwaites Ice Tongue, a peninsula of ice and snow extending from the mainland of Antarctica into the Amundsen Sea, in the region of Antarctica closest to the mid-Pacific Ocean.
		It is designated B-22 because it is the 22nd iceberg researchers are tracking in the Amundsen/Eastern Ross Sea (designated Quadrant "B" by the National Ice Center).
		The National Ice Center does ice analysis for the military and the private sector.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/TECH/science/03/19/new.iceberg (283 words)

	Gigantic Ice Shelf Splits From Antarctica
		An area of ice the size of Wales has broken off the Antarctic continent and shattered into thousands of icebergs in one of the most dramatic examples yet of the effects of climate change.
		Ice shelves float up and down with the tides, grating against the rocks and eventually breaking apart.
		During normal years, the total mass of calvings is an extremely small percentage of the ice cap, and the ice lost through calving equals the mass of snowfall on the continent.
	www.buzzle.com /editorials/3-20-2002-14987.asp?viewPage=2 (655 words)

	MAGPIE » “ICEBERG B-22 CALVES OFF THWAITES ICE TONGUE,” OR “NEW GIANT ICEBERG ON THE ...
		Sea, in the region of Antarctica closest to the mid-Pacific Ocean.
		Ice Center does ice analysis for the military and the private sector.
		Ice Center is a tri-agency operational center represented by the United
	www.arthurmag.com /magpie?p=118 (477 words)

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